英文摘要寫作技巧

1、英文摘要寫作技巧一、標(biāo)題(一)要求1 .簡明扼要(shortandconcise)(1)盡量控制在一行，但不是一個(gè)句子(2)不超過25個(gè)單詞或120-140個(gè)字母(3)除DNA、RNA、CT等不用縮寫2 .信息豐富(informative)3 .便于索引(indexing)4 .較長標(biāo)題可采用副標(biāo)題(二)標(biāo)題寫作中常用詞組和表達(dá)方式1. 用，(方法/手段)對，進(jìn)行研究/分析/觀察/評價(jià)：Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment)of(on),(by)using方法/with工具)2. A對B的作用EffortofAonBProtectiv

2、eeffectofomeprazoleonendothelin-inducedgastricmucosalinjury3. A與B的關(guān)系Correlation(relation/relationship)betweenAandBCorrelationofAwithBandC常用修飾詞：positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly標(biāo)題寫作中常用詞組和表達(dá)方式4. 用，治療，Useof,inthetreatmentof,(病)in,(生物)Useofomeprazoleinthetreatmentofgastriculcerintheeld

3、erly5. A是BAasB二、著錄部分書寫(一)姓名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)式：WANGLuowei,HUANGYingfeng,GUOXiao'an(二)地址800XiangYinRoad,Shanghai200433,P.R.China(三)資助AprojectfundedbytheNational"863"Program三、摘要的分類與格式摘要是作者要給讀者的精華，分兩大類：(一)指示性摘要(二)資料性摘要1 .非結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要缺點(diǎn)：段落不明，給編輯、審稿、閱讀和計(jì)算機(jī)處理帶來諸多不便2 .全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要(8要素摘要)(1)目的(2)設(shè)計(jì)(3)地點(diǎn)(4)對象(5)處理(6)主要測定項(xiàng)

4、目(7)結(jié)果(8)結(jié)論全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要的優(yōu)點(diǎn)(1)觀點(diǎn)更明確(2)信息量更大(3)差錯(cuò)更少(4)符合計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)庫建立和使用的要求全結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要的缺點(diǎn)：煩瑣、重復(fù)、篇幅過長3.半結(jié)構(gòu)式摘要(四要素摘要)11)目的(objective/purpose/aim)(2)方法(methods)(3)結(jié)果(results)(4)結(jié)論(conclusion)u目的是主題，是作者相要介紹的關(guān)鍵問題一、目的格式(一)單表目的(二)背景+目的二、目的常用時(shí)態(tài)(一)背景：現(xiàn)在時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、完成時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí))(二)目的：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，或一般過去時(shí)舉例：(1) Toevaluatetheeffectson24-ho

5、urintragastricpHlevelsofinfusionswithomeprazoleandH2receptorantagonistsinbleedingduodenalulcerpatients.(2) TheroleofomeprazoleintripletherapyandtheimpactofHelicobacterpyloriresistanceontreatmentoutcomearenotestablished.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheroleofomeprazoleandinfluenceofprimaryH.pyloriresistanceon

6、eradicationanddevelopmentofsecondaryresistance.三、介紹目的常用句型主要用動詞不定式to表達(dá)1 .直接用todo短語表達(dá)舉仞ij:Todetermineifuseofomeprazoleprotectsagainstthegastricmucosalinjury2 .Thepurpose/aim/objective/goal(ofpresentstudyis)wasto舉仞ij:Theaimofthisstudywastodeterminetheprotectivefunctionofomeprazoleongastricmucosalinjury

7、3Thepresentstudyis/wasdesigned/devised/intendedto舉仞ij:Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoestablishwhethertheremightbeageneticpredispositiontoanalteredpatternofanti-inflammatorycytokineproducedinpatientswithirritablebowelsyndrome4.Thisstudywasperformed/conducted/carriedout/undertakento舉例：Anexperimentalstudy

8、wasconductedusingacaninemodetoelucidate,5.Weaimed/soughtto/attemptedto舉仞ij:Wesoughttoassesswhetherthereisanincreasedriskoftuberculosisamongindividualswhoworkincertainindustriesoccupations.四、介紹目的常用動詞1. 研究：study,investigate,examine,observe,explore舉仞ij:Ourobjectiveinthisreportistoexaminetheclinicalfeat

9、ure,pathologyandtreatmentforpatientswithpancreaticcancer.2. 評價(jià)：evaluate,validate舉仞ij：Toevaluatesonographyasatoolforinitialdiagnosisinemergencyroompatientswithabdominaltrauma.3. 確定：determine,decide,confirm,support,define,characterize4. 證實(shí)：prove,demonstrate,document,test,support,testify,verify5. 闡明、搞清

10、：explain,elucidate,clarify,illustrate,delineate,findout,contributetotheknowledgeof6. 介紹：describe,present,report7. 建立：establish,develop,setout8. 尋找：searchfor,lookfor,seek,find9. 識別、區(qū)分：identify,differentiate,discriminate10. 優(yōu)選：optimize11. 比較：compare12. 回顧：review13. 相關(guān)：correlateAwithB方法部分u(1)研究設(shè)計(jì)(2)研究對

11、象的特性(3)干預(yù)或處理方法(4)測定或觀察方法一、研究對象的選擇、來源及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1. 納入研究：wereenteredinto/enrolledin/selected(randomly)舉仞ij:Atotalof169patientswereincludedinthestudy,83ofwhomreceived,2. 排除或退出研究：wereexcludedfromparticipation,withdrewfromthestudydueto/becauseto舉仞ij:,Patientswithsignificantaorticvalvulardiseaseswereexcluded.二、研究

12、對象的分組1. ,weredividedinto/classified/groupedinto2. ,weredividedrandomly/randomizedinto3. ,weredividedequallyinto舉仞ij:Patientsweredividedintothreegroups:Group1,Patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveH.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.OACgroupreceived20mgomeprazole,三、年齡

13、1 .某一年齡舉仞ij:A50-year-oldpatient.Patients(age26+3years).2 .在某年齡范圍內(nèi)及平均年齡舉仞ij:Patientsrangeinagefrom,to,withameanof(50years)3 .在某一年齡以上或以下舉仞ij:Patientsmorethan50years.Patientsunder/lessthan50years.四、性別、時(shí)間1 .性別twelvepatients(7maleand5female)Themale-to-femaleratiowas1:42 .時(shí)間Bodyweightwasmeasuredweekly,and

14、liverbiopsywasobtainedat4,8and12weeks.五、診斷與治療1 .診斷bediagnosedashavingbediagnosedasby/with？besuspectedas2 .治療betreatedwith(aloneorincombinationwith)betreatedonoutpatient/inpatientbasis舉例：11)Patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveH.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.OACg

15、roupreceived20mgomeprazole,(2)50patientswithactivebleedingduodenalulcerwererandomlyassignedtoreceiveoneofthefourtreatmentregimens.,u結(jié)果部分1 .是文章結(jié)論的根據(jù)2 .應(yīng)記錄真實(shí)的科研數(shù)據(jù)3 .除指示性說明外，一般用過去時(shí)表示一、常用句型1. 結(jié)果表明：Theresultsshowed/demonstrated/revealed/documented/indicated/suggested,that,?Itwasfoundthat,舉仞ij：Theresultss

16、howedthathighthighcuffDopplertechniquewas79percentsensitive,56percentspecificand63percentaccurate.2 .與，有關(guān)：Awasrelated/correlated/associatedwithB.Therewasarelationship/correlationbetweenAandB.TherewasarelationofAwithBandC舉仞ij:Insulinsensitivityindexwasnegativelywithbloodvelocity(r=0.530,P<0.05),bo

17、dymassindex(r=o.563,P<0.01)andbaselineinsulinemia(r=0.489,P<0.05)3 .增加或減少(1)表示數(shù)值增加的動詞：increase,rise,elevate(2)表示數(shù)值增加的名詞：increase,increment,elevation(3)表示數(shù)值減少的動詞：decrease,reduce,fall,drop,decline,lower(4)表示數(shù)值減少的名詞：decrease,decrement,reduction,fall,drop,decline,lowering(5)從，增力口至U,平均土曾力口，：increas

18、efrom,to,withamean/average(increase)of,(6)從，增加到，總的增加，：increasefrom,to,withanoverallincreaseof,(7)增加了10%:increaseby(10%)4.倍數(shù)比較11)增加或減少3倍：increaseby3fold(times).a3-foldincrease(2)A是B的3倍：Ais3fold(times)as,asB.Ais3fold(times)B5.結(jié)果的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(1)明顯不同(significantdifference)(2)很明顯不同(very/highlysignificantdiffere

19、nce)(3)區(qū)別不明顯(insignificantdifference)(4)無區(qū)另U(nonsignificantdifference/nodifference)6.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義常用句型(1) Therewas/issignificantdifferencein,betweenAandB(2) Thedifferencein,betweenAandBwas/issignificant(3) Awas/issignificantdifferencefromBin,(4) Nosignificantdifferencewasfound/observed/notedin,betweenAandB“

20、in”表示區(qū)分的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容舉例：(1) Therewerenosignificantdifferencebetweentreatmentgroupsinsymptomsandlungfunction(P>0.05).(2) SignificantdifferencewerenotnotedinthelevelofHDLcholesterol,andLDLpeakparticlediameterbeforeandaftertreatment.u結(jié)論部分是作者發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)和見解，給讀者的精髓部分1 .歸納性說明研究結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn)2 .結(jié)論性說明結(jié)果的可能原因、機(jī)理或意義3 .前瞻性說明未解決的問題一

21、、結(jié)論部分時(shí)態(tài)1 .過去時(shí)(1)涉及本研究的內(nèi)容(2)涉及他人研究過程的內(nèi)容(3)作者認(rèn)為只適用于本研究環(huán)境和條件的結(jié)論2 .現(xiàn)在時(shí)(1)指示性說明(2)普遍接受的思想、理論或結(jié)論(3)作者認(rèn)為本研究結(jié)論具有普遍意義(4)前瞻性說明舉仞ij:OurfindingsindicatethathepatitisCisaprogressivedisease指示性說明-現(xiàn)在時(shí),butonlyafewdiedduringtheaverage20.4yearsaftertheinitiationofinjectiondruguse本試驗(yàn)過程中發(fā)生的事-過去時(shí).Antiviraltreatmenttoerad

22、icatethevirusandhalttheprogressionofdiseasesisindicatedinthisgroupofpatients作者認(rèn)為具有普遍意義的結(jié)論-現(xiàn)在時(shí).二、結(jié)論部分常用句型1. 結(jié)果提示,:Theseresultssuggestthat舉仞ij:ThesedataconfirmthepresenceofatleasttwomajorHCVgenotypesinNigeria.2. 結(jié)果支持或反對某種觀點(diǎn)：Theseresultssupporttheideathat,;Theseresultsfailtosupporttheideathat,舉仞ij:Thes

23、eresultsdonotsupporttheideathattreatmenttolowercholesterolconcentrationcausemooddisturbance.3. 表示觀點(diǎn)的確定或不確定性：Thereisnoevidencethat,;Itislikely/unlikelythat,舉仞ij:ThereisnoevidencethatNIDDMproduceanychangeinbonemetabolismormass.4. 具有，意義：Beofgreat(some/little/no)clinicalsignificancein,to,舉仞ij:Thedetecti

24、onofp53geneisofgreatclinicalsignificanceintumordiagnosis.5.前瞻性說明：，remaintobefurtherstudied;Itisremainstobeprovedthat,舉仞ij:However,therelationofinsulinresistancetohypertensionremainstobefurtherstudied.6.插入語：Thisisthefirstcaseofpancreasdivisum.舉仞ij:Thisisthefirstcase,toourknowledge,ofpancreasdivisum.小

25、結(jié)u中文是關(guān)鍵？符合英語習(xí)慣？不用簡單句？注意詞語的用法？?注意時(shí)態(tài)附：練習(xí)24小時(shí)胃內(nèi)酸度監(jiān)測評價(jià)多種抑酸劑靜脈使用對十二指腸潰瘍患者的抑酸效果鐘碧慧袁育紅陳湖林金坤胡品津【摘要】目的對比各種常用抑酸劑對十二指腸潰瘍出血患者胃酸的抑制效果。方法運(yùn)用隨機(jī)、開放的方法分析50例十二脂腸潰瘍出血患者，分別使用奧美拉哇靜脈滴注、法莫替丁靜脈注射、雷尼替丁靜脈注射、西咪替丁靜脈注射或滴注。持續(xù)監(jiān)測患者24小時(shí)胃內(nèi)pH動態(tài)變化的情況、不同胃內(nèi)pH值持續(xù)時(shí)間白百分率、24小時(shí)平均胃內(nèi)pH和中位pH值。結(jié)果只有奧美拉坐80mg/天組可達(dá)到胃內(nèi)平均pH和中位pH均>6,法莫替丁80mg/天組可達(dá)到胃內(nèi)平

26、均pH和中位pH均>4,其他治療組均未達(dá)到pH>4。24小時(shí)胃內(nèi)pH<4、pH<5、pHv6時(shí)間所占百分比依次遞增為：奧美拉哇80mg/天組、法莫替丁80mg/天組、雷尼替丁200mg/天組、西咪替丁800mg/天組。各H2受體拮抗劑組與奧美拉哇靜脈滴注組比較，差異均有顯著性。結(jié)論靜脈使用質(zhì)子泵抑制劑的抑酸效果明顯優(yōu)于H2受體拮抗劑，尤其是奧美拉哇靜脈滴注胃內(nèi)pH提高持續(xù)的時(shí)間較長。ComparativeeffectsofintravenousinfusionofomeprazoleandH2-receptorantagonistsonsuppressingintrag

27、astricpHandtheoutcomeofbleedingduodenalulcerpatientsZHONGBihui,YUANYuhong,CHENMinhu,etal.DepartmentofGastroenterology.TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofSunYet-SenUniversityofMedicalScience,Guangzhou,510080AbstractObjectiveToevaluatetheeffectson24-hourintragastricpHlevelsofinfusionswithomeprazoleandH2receptorantagonistsinbleedingduodenalulcerpat