E38高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題專(zhuān)題突破0429

1、2018高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題專(zhuān)題突破Stepl猜測(cè)詞義常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式1. Whichofthefollowingisthenearestinmeaningto2. Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"'?'3. Theword“'in'thecontestmeans.4. Thetermcanbebestreplacedby.5. Theword“'probablyrefersto.6. Asusedinthelinetheword“'refersto.7. Accordingtothepassage,t

2、heword“'is'knownas.8. Thepassageusetheword“'toreferto9. Accordingtotheauthor,theunderlinedword“'means.10. Fromthecontext/passage,wecaninferthattheword“'means.在詞義猜測(cè)題中，有些詞匯并非生詞，只需要根據(jù)上下文去推測(cè)它應(yīng)在文章中的具體含義，或找出其指代對(duì)象。做這類(lèi)題，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀出現(xiàn)該詞的上下文，文章中往往會(huì)對(duì)這類(lèi)詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行重復(fù)解釋或概括歸納。因此答案往往可從文章中找出或推測(cè)出。.Step2.方法探究

3、1. Charlotte'stalewasinspiredbythegirls'coincollection.We'vecollectedforeigncoinsforyears-sinceourfamilieswentonholidaytoTenerife,“sheexplains.ThatwasbeforetheEuro,soweputpesetasin.".TheunderlinedwordpesetaS'inParagraph2isakindof.A.storyB.collectionC.inspirationD.foreigncoin.2.

4、Todaywhenmanytendtoworrymoreabouttheirownhappiness,Houng'sdeedsremindusofwhatweusuallyneglect:loveandcareforothers.Withoutthese,noneofuscouldsurvive.Houngturneddowndonationsfromothers.Hesaidhefeltencouragedbykindoffers,buthecoulddependonhisownwork.Theunderlinedworddonation"inPara.3probablym

5、eans.A.invitationtogiveaspeechB.something,especiallygiventohelpothers.C.questionsaskedbyinterviewersD.chancestobeahero【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。3. TheelderlearntomastertheInternetandtoovercomewhatLansdalecallsthemaladiesoftheinstitutionalized:loneliness,helplessness,boredom,andloseofme

6、mory.4. Someshipscarriedcargosuchascoal,oilandmilitarysupplies（軍用物資）,whileotherscarriedonlypassengers.5. Scientistsgrowlargequantitiesofcommonmould（霉菌）sothattheycangetpenicillinfromitinordertomakeantibiotics,thatis,substancesthatkillgerms.6. Marinebiology,thestudyofoceanicplantsandanimalsandtheirrel

7、ation,hasfurtheredtheefficientdevelopmentoffisheries.7. Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifter,whoalwaystakesawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.【思考?xì)w納】這幾道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。8. Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithout

8、seekingtheopinionsofothers.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthatthewordautocratic'means.A.friendlytoothersB.modestandkindlyC.stickingtoone'sownopinionD.hard-working.9. Answerthefollowingquestionsbyusingtheinformationtakenfromadictionarypage.jazz:1.n.atypeofmusicthatoriginatedinNewOrleansandischaract

9、erizedbyrhythmicbeats.2.n.populardancemusicinfluencedbyjazz.3.n.slang.Emptytalk.4.adj.oforlikejazz;ajazzband,jazzrecords.CTGS-資料文件Whatdoesthewordjazz"meaninthefollowingsentence?Don'tgivemethatjazz,forIamapracticalperson.A.Rhythmicbeats.B.Atypeofmusic.C.Akindofdance.D.Meaninglesstalk.【思考?xì)w納】這

10、兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。.10. UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan'tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”.TheunderlinedwordCultivated”(Paragraph1)roughlymeans.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed.11. Writtenlanguagetendstobestatic,whilespokenlanguageconstantlychanges

11、.Accordingtotheauthor,theunderlinedwordstaticmeans.A.unchangeableB.inactiveC.respectiveD.widespread.12. UnliketheUniteStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan'spopulationisquitehomogeneous.【思考?xì)w納】這三道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。.13. MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonUSroads,th

12、eFederalHighwayadministrationreports.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcatexistintheUStoday.Themainreason?Roadkill.14. Mansion,church,battlesite,theatreandotherpublichallscanbepreserved.【思考?xì)w納】這道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。.15. Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguag

13、eTeachinginSchool,ofEnglishlearning.16. ManyUnitednationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Simpson,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。.17. Exhibitionofficialssaidthatapersonbittenbyoneofthesesnakeswouldneedatleast80mlofananti-poisonmedicinetobesaved.18. Althoughsim

14、plifiedChinesecharacterswereacceptedforusemanyyearsago,itseemsthatmoreandmorepeoplelikeChinesecharactersinthecomplexform.【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。19. 下題中劃線的詞可換為：NewYork,10November,5:27p.m.,yesterday.Biggestpowerfailureinthecity'shistory.A.enoughB.notpassingC.lackofD.lack.【思考?xì)w納】這道題

15、你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。.20. RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Theunderlinedphrasemoppingup"inthesecondparagraphmeans.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingup.21. Shewalkedquietlytothesmallroombytheliftandtookamop.Shepushe

16、dpastthedeskandasthenurselookedup.Mumnoddedandsaid,Verydirtyfloor.".【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。.22. Themostimportantreasonforsuchavisitistorealizehowourancestorsbattlednaturewiththebasictoolstheyhad.23. TheagingofthepopulationwillaffectAmericansocietyinmanyways-education,medicine,a

17、ndbusiness.Theunderlinedworkaging"means.A. countingthenumberofyearssomeonelivesB. thenumbersofyearssomeonelivesC. becomingolderD. makingsomeonelookingolder【思考?xì)w納】這兩道題你是如何得出答案的？從中你有什么啟發(fā)和收獲？跟大家分享一下。檢測(cè)反饋運(yùn)用方法探究中認(rèn)識(shí)到到的技巧，快來(lái)一試身手吧！看誰(shuí)做得又快又好！AIhavebeenconsistentlyopposedtofeedingababyregularly.Asadoctor,m

18、otherandscientistinchilddevelopmentIbelievethereisnothingtorecommendit,fromthebaby'spointofview.Mothers,doctorsandnursesalikehavenoideaofwhereababy'sbloodsugarlevellies.Allweknowisthatalowlevelisharmfultobraindevelopmentandmakesababyeasilyannoyed.Inthisstate,thebabyisdifficulttocalmdownandsl

19、eepisimpossible.Thebabyasksforattentionbycryingandsearchingforfoodwithitsmouth.Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour-hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.Thefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclock-watchingschedulewasDr.FredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthenight.I'veneverheardan

20、ythingsoridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn'tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway,thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks.Well,atlastwehavecopper-bottomedresearchthatsupportsdemandfeedingandpointsouttheweaknessesofstrictlytimedfeeding.Theresearchfindsouttha

21、tbabieswhoarefedondemanddobetteratschoolatage5,7,11and14,thanbabiesfedaccordingtotheclock.Bytheageof8,theirIQ（智商）scoresarefourtofivepercenthigherthanbabiesfedbyarigidtimetable.ThisresearchcomesfromOxfordandEssexUniversityusingasample（樣本）of10,419childrenbornintheearly1990s,takingaccountofparentaleduc

22、ation,familyincome,achild'ssexandage,themother'shealthandfeelingstyle.Theseresultsdon'tsurpriseme.Feedingaccordingtoschedulerunstheriskofharmingtherapidlygrowingbrainbytakingnoaccountofsinkingbloodsugarlevels.Ihopethisresearchwillputanendtoadvocatingstrictlytimedbabyfeelingpractices.小題1:

23、WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDrKing?A.HeisstrictB.HeisunkindC.Hehasthewrongidea.D.Hesetsatimetableformothers/J、題2:Thewordcopper-bottomedinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto.A.basicB.reliableC.surprisingD.interesting小題3:Whatdoestheresearchtellusaboutfeelingababyondemand?.A.Thebabywillsleepwell.B. Thebabywi

24、llhaveitsbrainharmed.C. Thebabywillhavealowbloodsugarlevel.D. Thebabywillgrowtobewiserbytheageof8.小題4:Theauthorsupportsfeelingthebaby.A.inthenightB.everyfourhoursC.wheneveritwantsfoodD.accordingtoitsbloodsugarlevelBForhighschoolleaversstartingoutintheworkingworld,itisveryimportanttolearnparticularsk

25、illsandpracticehowtobehaveinanintervieworhowtofindallinternship（實(shí)習(xí)）.Insomecountries,schoolshaveprogramstohelpstudentsontothepathtowork.IntheUnitesStates,however,suchprogramsarestillfewandfarbetween.Researchshowsthatifhighschoolsprovidecareer-relatedcourses,studentsarelikelytogethigherearningsinlater

26、years.Thestudentsaremorelikelytostayinschool,graduateandgoontohighereducation.InGermany,studentsasyoungas13and14areexpectedtodointernships.Germancompaniesworkwithschoolstomakesurethatyoungpeoplegettheeducationtheyneedforfutureemployment.ButinAmerica,educationreformprogramsfocusonhowwellstudentsdoine

27、xamsinsteadofbringingthemintocontactwiththeworkingworld.HarvardEducationschoolprofessorRobertSchwartzhascriticizededucationreformersfortryingtoplaceallgraduatesdirectlyonthefour-yearcollegetrack.Schwartzarguedthatthisapproachleavesthecountry'smostvulnerable（易受影響的）kidswithnojobsandnoskills.Schwar

28、tzbelievedthatthebestcareerprogramsencouragekidstogoforhighereducationwhilealsoteachingthemvaluablepracticalskillsathighsch001.JamesMadisonHighSchoolinNewYork,forexample,encouragesstudentstochooseclassesoncareerbasedcourses.Theschoolthenhelpsthemgainonthe-jobexperienceinthosefieldswhilethey'rest

29、illathighschool.However,evenforteenswhoseschoolsencouragethemtoconnectwithwork,thejobmarketisdaunting.IntheUS,unemploymentratesfor16-to19-year-oldsareabove20percentforthethirdsummerinarow.TheriskisthatifteenagersmissoutontheSummerjobexperience,theybecomepartofthisgenerationofteenswhohadtroubleinland

30、ingajob,“saidMichael,aresearcherintheUS.小題AccordingtoRobertSchwartz,.A.thereisnoneedforkidstogoforhighereducationintheUS.B. studentsshouldgetcontactwiththeworkingworldathighschoolC. educationreformshouldfocusonstudents'performanceinexams.D.teenagersintheUScan'tmissoutonthesummerjobexperience

31、.小題2:What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.ArgumentsaboutrecentUSeducationreform.B. Tipsonfindingjobsforhighschoolleavers.C. Thelackofcareer-basedcoursesinUShighschools.D. AdviceforAmericanhighschoolleavers.小題3:Theunderlinedword“daunting“inParagraph5mostprobablymeans.A.discouragingB.interestingC.creative

32、D.unbearable.解題指導(dǎo)在詞義猜測(cè)題中，有些詞匯并非生詞，只需要根據(jù)上下文去推測(cè)它應(yīng)在文章中的具體含義，或找出其指代對(duì)象。做這類(lèi)題，應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀出現(xiàn)該詞的上下文，文章中往往會(huì)對(duì)這類(lèi)詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行重復(fù)解釋或概括歸納。因此答案往往可從文章中找出或推測(cè)出。R猜測(cè)詞義第一招1利用上下文語(yǔ)境線索任何一篇文中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義，是閱讀過(guò)程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來(lái)高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。.R第二招1利用定義和解釋性線索閱讀文中的有些生詞尤其是新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)及科普類(lèi)文章中的生詞，往往在其后有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)

33、明性的短語(yǔ)或句子，如tobe,thatis,mean,standfor,namely,toreferto,tomean,inotherwords等，有時(shí)也以同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句的形式出現(xiàn)，或用破折號(hào)、括弧來(lái)表示。留心閱讀就可以斷定它們的意思。R第三招1根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行判斷。英語(yǔ)中句與句之間在語(yǔ)意上往往存在一些邏輯關(guān)系，如因果、對(duì)比、并列、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。.因果關(guān)系的語(yǔ)境，通常由because,so,therefore,sothat,so/such-that等連詞體現(xiàn)。R第四招1利用對(duì)比線索有時(shí)文章作者為了增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，會(huì)用一對(duì)反義詞揭示事物的不同點(diǎn)，形成鮮明的對(duì)比，這時(shí)只要把握其中的一詞，就不難推出另

34、一詞的含義，這時(shí)句中多見(jiàn)unlike;although;but;yet;while;onthecontrary;ontheotherhand;foronething;foranother;insteadof;ratherthan等信息詞。.R第五招1利用同義線索和同等關(guān)系CTGS-資料文件同義詞替換可以為我們推測(cè)詞義提供明顯的語(yǔ)境線索。一些常見(jiàn)的引出同義詞的標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)有or,like,similarly等。同等關(guān)系是指一個(gè)詞、一組詞或短語(yǔ)在句中作同一成分，而且他們的詞義屬一范疇。只要我們認(rèn)識(shí)其中一個(gè)或幾個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，即可確定同等關(guān)系中生詞的詞性，作用和大概意思。R第六招1利用例證性線索某些冷僻的

35、詞匯后會(huì)舉一個(gè)例子，使詞匯具體易懂。suchas,like,forexample,forinstance等連接性詞語(yǔ)往往用來(lái)列舉說(shuō)明前面較難理解的名詞。R第七招1根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法閱讀中常會(huì)遇到一些由所熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞，可利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)來(lái)推測(cè)其意思。教學(xué)大綱已經(jīng)明確地將構(gòu)詞法列在語(yǔ)法附表中，因此利用所學(xué)構(gòu)詞法生成的詞不應(yīng)被認(rèn)定為生詞。R第八招1注意熟詞生義英語(yǔ)中大量的詞匯具有多義性，其含義并非完全等同于詞典所標(biāo)注的漢語(yǔ)意思，具體的詞義需要在一定的上下文中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。閱讀理解中的熟悉詞生義比生詞本身的障礙要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考對(duì)生詞的數(shù)量有量的要求，不得超過(guò)3%。其二，熟悉詞生義很容易引

36、起考生的誤解。其三，熟悉詞生義的數(shù)量沒(méi)有限制。如果這種現(xiàn)象在一篇文章中出現(xiàn)得多，那就更難理解了。R第九招1根據(jù)常識(shí)或經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義在閱讀中碰到生詞時(shí)，我們有時(shí)可以運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力、自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)及生活常識(shí)去推斷生詞的含義。當(dāng)然也要結(jié)合語(yǔ)境。.R第十招1根據(jù)詞性轉(zhuǎn)化，猜測(cè)它在語(yǔ)境中的詞義題目參考答案1.D2.B3.老年綜合癥4goods5.抗生素6海洋生物學(xué)7商店里偷竊的人8c9D10D11A12單一的13虎彳Sanendangeredwildcat.14教堂otherpublichallscan15期刊16會(huì)多國(guó)語(yǔ)言的人17抗毒18簡(jiǎn)化的19D20B21拖把22作斗爭(zhēng)23C第一篇小題1:C小題2:B小題3:D小題4:C試題分析：本文典型的議論文，論點(diǎn)是反對(duì)定期喂養(yǎng)嬰兒。論據(jù)：一是我們不知道嬰兒的