電氣控制技術(shù)課程設(shè)計(jì)

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15、elfct cmmuncaton t mpr - perorma nce mang-et To urhequanf ad r.ie emplye sadars . Wrk ffl p.，pay, ad banc,adm-bes i n"l - tye Enteprie" cnstucin intheofcorerole, ad htig fortes re ad pionee m ooel rol . t cnti nue s tsengt heni ng "our ggod" lader s, c.sucin第一節(jié)概述本指導(dǎo)書主要討論課程設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)達(dá)到的目

16、的、要求、設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容、深度及完成的工作量。并通過實(shí)例 介紹，進(jìn)一步說明課程設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟。要能夠勝任電氣控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)工作，按要求完成好設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，僅僅掌握電氣設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是不夠的，必須經(jīng)過反復(fù)的實(shí)踐，深入生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，不斷積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)。課程設(shè)計(jì)正是為這一目的而安排的一 個(gè)實(shí)踐性教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，它是一項(xiàng)初步的工程訓(xùn)練。通過集中1周時(shí)間的設(shè)計(jì)工作，結(jié)合生產(chǎn)需要，課程設(shè)計(jì)題目都是取自生產(chǎn)中實(shí)用的電氣控制裝置，具有真實(shí)感。設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)嚴(yán)格要求，力求做到圖紙資料 規(guī)范化。從而了解一般電氣控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求、設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容和設(shè)計(jì)方法。電氣設(shè)計(jì)包含原理設(shè)計(jì)與工藝設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)方面，不能忽視任何一面，在高等工科應(yīng)用型人才培養(yǎng)中尤其要重視工

17、藝設(shè)計(jì)。由于初次從事設(shè)計(jì)工作，工藝要求不能過高，不能面面俱到。設(shè)計(jì)工作量、說 明書等要求與畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)有較大的區(qū)別，電氣控制課程設(shè)計(jì)屬于練習(xí)性質(zhì)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果直接用于生產(chǎn)，個(gè)人的工藝設(shè)計(jì)，只要求完成其中的一部份內(nèi)容。課程設(shè)計(jì)原則上應(yīng)做到一人一題或自由選題。要強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立完成，以學(xué)生自身的獨(dú)立工作為主，教 師指導(dǎo)幫助為輔。第二節(jié) 課程設(shè)計(jì)的目的和要求課程設(shè)計(jì)主要目的， 是通過某一生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的電氣控制裝置的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐，了解一般電氣控制設(shè)計(jì)過程、設(shè)計(jì)要求、應(yīng)完成的工作內(nèi)容和具體設(shè)計(jì)方法。通過設(shè)計(jì)也有助于復(fù)習(xí)、鞏固以往學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容， 達(dá)到靈活應(yīng)用的目的。電氣設(shè)計(jì)必須滿足生產(chǎn)設(shè)備和生產(chǎn)工藝要求，因此，設(shè)計(jì)之前必須

18、了解設(shè)備的 用途、結(jié)構(gòu)、操作要求和工藝過程，在此過程中培養(yǎng)從事設(shè)計(jì)工作的整體觀念。課程設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)以能力培養(yǎng)為主，在獨(dú)立完成設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)的同時(shí)要注意多方面能力的培養(yǎng)與提高，主要包括以下幾方面：1）獨(dú)立工作能力和創(chuàng)造力；2）綜合運(yùn)用專業(yè)及基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，解決實(shí)際工程技術(shù)問題的能力；3）查閱圖書資料、產(chǎn)品手冊(cè)和各種工具書的能力；4）工程繪圖能力；5）寫技術(shù)報(bào)告和編制技術(shù)資料的能力。在課程設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)中，應(yīng)以學(xué)生為主，充分發(fā)揮自主性和創(chuàng)造精神。教師的指導(dǎo)作用主要體現(xiàn)在工 作方法、思維方法的引導(dǎo)。為保證順利完成設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，提出如下要求：1）在接受設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)并選定課題后，應(yīng)根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求和應(yīng)完成的設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容，擬定設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書和工

19、 作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃，確定各階段應(yīng)完成的工作量，妥善安排時(shí)間。2）在方案確定過程中（是重要一環(huán)）應(yīng)主動(dòng)提出問題，以取得指導(dǎo)老師的幫助，在此階段提倡 廣泛討論，做到思路開闊，依據(jù)充分。在具體設(shè)計(jì)過程中，要求多思考，主要參數(shù)的確定， 要經(jīng)過計(jì)算論證。3）所有電氣圖紙的繪制必須符合國家有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的規(guī)定，包括線條、圖形符號(hào)、項(xiàng)目代號(hào)、回路 標(biāo)號(hào)、技術(shù)要求、標(biāo)題欄、元件明細(xì)表以至圖紙的折疊和裝訂。4）說明書要求文字通順、簡(jiǎn)練、字跡端正、整潔。5）應(yīng)在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成所有的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。6）條件允許情況下，對(duì)自己的設(shè)計(jì)線路進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)論證，考慮進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)的可能。ly es d.s i eerr - de-eopmelt i

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24、 controlsy stem, and steadyimproveme ntin a bilityto manage a nd contr ol, optimize business processimproveemploy ees applicati on informationsy stem ofcapa city and level.Humanisti c caretoe nsure "zero."Tostrengthening Humanitiescare, comanagement;tosystem,achievedrisk ren pla ce;tofurt

25、herstrengt hen i nternal contr ols, playa controlpost inde pendent ov ersightrole ofevaluation com plyingwit hthird -partyresponsi bility;to a ctively make use ofinternaland heartShunof cult ureatmosphere ;strengt heninglove helpe dtrappe d,caredifficultem pl oyees; carried outstyle a ctivities,rich

26、empl oyees life;stre ngthe ning healtha nd la bour pcognition,and measure ,an d assessment, a nd re port,a nd controlfeedba ckofcl osed ring manageme nt, improve ri sk preventi on capa city.Tofurtherstandar dizetradi ng, andstrivetoachieve"a ccording to la w,sta ndardizeand fair." Innovati

27、onofperformanst; conti nueons, strengthe ning operati onsi n accor dancewith law. Deepenis to impleme ntation psychol ogicalwar ning preventionsystem,trainiployees "zer ofly".Tncema nagement,toensurethat potentialemng theinformationmanagementtoensurefull communicati on "zeroresistance

28、".ng empl oyees he althofcharacte r,and stable ofmooda nd ent erprising ofattitude,ie,and BFS+ ,and PI, a nd M IS,and SCM, i nformation sy stem base d consts envir onment. ostrengthe nrisk manageme nt,ensurethattuction,fullintegration informati on system,a chieved information resources share d;

29、toexpandPortalsystem ahebusiness of "zerorisk".T o stre ngthe ned busi nesspla nsmanageme nt,will busi ness busine sspl anscover to all lnch,and membersin "fivetype Enterprise" construction ipplication of breadt hand de pth,play i nformationsyl evel,ensurethe busine sscancontroli

30、 n controlstem one nterpriseofAssistantrole; to perfectdaily r un;to close concernfinancial, a ndcoalele ctric linkage,and endpioneermodelrol e;to continues to strengt heni ngnmainte nanceoperation of records,promoteergy-savi ng scheduling, national policy tre"fourgood" leader shi p constr

31、uctionproblemreasonsa nalysis a nd system handover; t nds,strengtheni ngtrack, activeshould; to implemeostrengtheni ng BFS+,a nd ERP,andS CM,technologya pplication oftrainingntation State -ow neda ssetsmethod, furt herspecification busine ss financial第三節(jié)課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)與設(shè)計(jì)方法1、 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書課程設(shè)計(jì)要求是以設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書形式表達(dá)，按要求，其設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)

32、書應(yīng)包含以下內(nèi)容：1） ） 設(shè)備的名稱、用途、基本構(gòu)造、動(dòng)作原理以及工藝過程的簡(jiǎn)單介紹。2） 拖動(dòng)方式、運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的動(dòng)作順序、各動(dòng)作要求和控制要求。3） 連鎖、保護(hù)要求。4） 照明、指示、報(bào)警等輔助要求。5） 應(yīng)繪制的圖紙。6） 說明書要求。原理設(shè)計(jì)的中心任務(wù)是繪制電氣原理圖和選用電氣元件。工藝設(shè)計(jì)目的是為了得到電氣設(shè)備制造過程中需要的施工圖紙，其類型數(shù)量很多，設(shè)計(jì)中主要是以電氣設(shè)備總體配制圖電器板元件布置圖、接線圖、 控制面板布置圖、接線圖、電氣箱以及主要加工零件如電氣安裝底板、控制面板等為練習(xí)對(duì)象。對(duì)于每位設(shè)計(jì)者來說只要求完成其中一部份。原理圖及工藝圖紙均應(yīng)按要求繪制，元件布置圖應(yīng)標(biāo)注總體尺

33、寸、安裝尺寸和相對(duì)位置尺寸。接線圖的編號(hào)應(yīng)與原理圖一致，要表明組件所有進(jìn)出線編號(hào)、配線規(guī)格、進(jìn)出線的接線方式（采用端子板或接插件）。2、 設(shè)計(jì)方法及步驟在接到設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書后，一原理設(shè)計(jì)和工藝設(shè)計(jì)兩部分，分別進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。（一）原理圖設(shè)計(jì)的步驟1 ） 根據(jù)要求擬定設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)。2 ） 根據(jù)拖動(dòng)要求設(shè)計(jì)主電路。在繪制主電路時(shí)，可從以下及方面來考慮：。每臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)的控制機(jī)方式，應(yīng)根據(jù)其容量及拖動(dòng)負(fù)載性質(zhì)考慮其起動(dòng)要求，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)钠饎?dòng)線路。對(duì)于一般小容量（7kw 以下）起動(dòng)負(fù)載不大時(shí)，可直接起動(dòng)，對(duì)大容量電動(dòng)機(jī)應(yīng)考慮采用降壓起動(dòng)。根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)要求決定轉(zhuǎn)向控制。根據(jù)各臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)的工作制，決定是否需要設(shè)置過載保護(hù)或過電流控

34、制措施。根據(jù)拖動(dòng)負(fù)載及工藝要求決定停車時(shí)是否需要制動(dòng)控制，并決定采用何種制動(dòng)方式。設(shè)置短路保護(hù)及其他必要的電氣保護(hù)?？紤]其他特殊要求：調(diào)速要求、主電路參數(shù)測(cè)量、信號(hào)檢測(cè)等。3）根據(jù)主電路的控制要求設(shè)計(jì)控制回路，其設(shè)計(jì)方法是;正確選擇控制電路電壓種類及大小。根據(jù)每臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)的起動(dòng)、運(yùn)行、調(diào)速、制動(dòng)及保護(hù)要求，依次繪制各控制環(huán)節(jié)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)幕締卧刂凭€路 。設(shè)置必要的連鎖包括同一臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)各動(dòng)作之間的動(dòng)作連鎖。設(shè)置短路保護(hù)以及設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)中要求的位置保護(hù) 如極限位、越位、相對(duì)位置等保護(hù) 、電壓保護(hù)、電流保護(hù)和各種物理量保護(hù) 溫度、壓力、流量等 。根據(jù)拖動(dòng)要求，設(shè)計(jì)特殊要求控制環(huán)節(jié)，如自動(dòng)抬刀、變速、與自動(dòng)

35、循環(huán)、工藝參數(shù)測(cè)量等控制。按需要設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)急操作。4）根據(jù)照明、指示、報(bào)警等要求設(shè)計(jì)輔助電路。5）總體檢查、修改、補(bǔ)充和完善。主要包括以下內(nèi)容校核各種動(dòng)作控制是否滿足要求，是否有矛盾或遺漏。檢查接觸器、繼電器、主令電路的觸頭使用是否合理，是否超過電器元件允許的數(shù)量。檢查連鎖要求能否實(shí)現(xiàn)。檢查各種保護(hù)是否完善。檢查發(fā)生誤操作所引起的后果與防范措施。6）進(jìn)行必要的參數(shù)計(jì)算。7）正確、合理的選擇個(gè)電器元件，按規(guī)定格式編制元件目錄表。8）根據(jù)完善后的設(shè)計(jì)草圖，按 GB6988電器制圖標(biāo)準(zhǔn)繪制電器原理線路圖并按GB5094電器lay levelsca dres in enterpri se devel op

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46、es re ad pionee m odel rol e tcnti nue s tsengt heni ng "our ggod" lader s, cnsucin技術(shù)中的項(xiàng)目代號(hào)要求標(biāo)住器件的項(xiàng)目代號(hào)，按GB4884-85絕緣導(dǎo)線的標(biāo)記的要求對(duì)線路進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一標(biāo)號(hào)（二）工藝設(shè)計(jì)步驟1）根據(jù)電器設(shè)計(jì)的總體配置及電器元件的分布狀況和操作要求劃分電器組件，繪制電器控制系統(tǒng)的 總裝配圖和總接線圖：2）根據(jù)電器元件的型號(hào)、外型尺寸、安裝尺寸、繪制每一組件的元器件布置圖（如電器安裝板、控制面版、電源、放大器等03）根據(jù)元件布置圖及電器原理編號(hào)繪制組件接線圖，統(tǒng)計(jì)組件進(jìn)出線的數(shù)量、編號(hào)以

47、及各組件之間 的連接的方式。4）繪制并修改工藝設(shè)計(jì)草圖后，便可按機(jī)械、電氣制圖要求繪制工程圖紙。最后依設(shè)計(jì)過程和設(shè)計(jì) 結(jié)果編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書及使用說明書。以上簡(jiǎn)單介紹了原理設(shè)計(jì)與工藝設(shè)計(jì)的步驟，其中每一步的設(shè)計(jì)要求與具體內(nèi)容可參閱第六章內(nèi)容， 各種圖紙的設(shè)計(jì)過程和繪制要求也可以參考設(shè)計(jì)舉例。第四節(jié)課程設(shè)計(jì)參考題選（根據(jù)抽簽形式選擇設(shè)計(jì)課題 ）A組：題目一：工作臺(tái)十字方向移動(dòng)控制工作臺(tái)前后（縱向）移動(dòng)由電機(jī)M1拖動(dòng)，工作臺(tái)左右（橫向）移動(dòng)由電機(jī)M2拖動(dòng)。要求：1.任何時(shí)候都只能選定一個(gè)方向進(jìn)行移動(dòng)，其它三個(gè)方向禁止移動(dòng)。2.兩電機(jī)均能正、反方向旋轉(zhuǎn)。3.有相應(yīng)的短路、過載保護(hù)。題目二：自動(dòng)運(yùn)輸線控制

48、電路設(shè)計(jì)一條自動(dòng)運(yùn)輸線，共有三臺(tái)電機(jī)M1、M2 M3,按下列順序起動(dòng)：M1起動(dòng)后，M2才能起動(dòng)；M2起動(dòng)后，M3才能起動(dòng)；每臺(tái)起動(dòng)間隔5S。停止時(shí)按逆序停止，間隔同樣為5S。要求：1.有相應(yīng)的短路、過載保護(hù)。題目三：雙工作臺(tái)移動(dòng)順序控制現(xiàn)有兩工作臺(tái) A、B,要求按下起動(dòng)按鈕后依次完成下列工作；工作臺(tái)A從位置1移動(dòng)到位置2。 工作臺(tái)B從位置3移動(dòng)到位置4。 工作臺(tái)A從位置2回到位置1。 工作臺(tái)B從位置4回到位置3。 要求：1 .兩電機(jī)均能正、反方向旋轉(zhuǎn)。2 .各位置均由行程開關(guān)進(jìn)行定位3.有相應(yīng)的短路、過載保護(hù)。AB行程開關(guān)題目四；單工作臺(tái)移動(dòng)順序控制題目四：?jiǎn)喂ぷ髋_(tái)移動(dòng)順序控制現(xiàn)有一工作臺(tái) A

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