免耕播種機農(nóng)業(yè)用機械外文文獻翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

1、中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)長城學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文資料翻譯系別：工程技術(shù)系專業(yè)：機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化姓名：孫亞鑫學(xué)號：052116222015年4月1日外文原文No-tillagedrillItisasignificativemissionforthepersonsmajoringinagriculturemechanicstospreadconservationagriculture,especiallyintheregionadoptingthedoublecroppingmode.Thecultureconditionintheseareasgivessomespecialproblemtodril

2、l.Forexample,itispressingtoplantwheatasthefollowcourseofmaize;Atthattimethestalkscoverissoheavyandthestalksaresoflexilethattheblockisserious;Thebushymaizerootmakestheearthsurfacetooroughtodrillintheno-tillageprocedure;Andseedbarenessisfamiliarwhenadoptingmachineswithgravity-root-brokenmechanisms,etc

3、.Presently,mostnativeorforeignno-tillagedrillcannotfinishtheworksmoothly.Designingandmanufacturingrow-controlledno-tillagewheatdrillhavebeenrecitedinthisarticlebasedontheanalysisandstudiesoftheintentionandprinciplesoftheconservationtillage.Nowadaysthecoreproblemisanti-blockingintheresearchanddesigno

4、fno-tillageplantersdomesticandabroad.Althoughmanyagriculturalmachineexpertshavemadesomeprogress,theanti-blockingproblemisnotsolvedingrain.Basedonit,throughclassifyingandanalyzingtheanti-blockingequipmentusedbyno-tillageplantersanditsprinciple,contrastingtheirrespectivestrongpointandshortcoming,inthe

5、lightofthemulchingstalkpropertyandthecontrastoftwokindsofcuttingmethods,theradicaltheoryandgeneralframeworkprojectoftheslidingcuttingtypeanti-blockingequipmentareworkedout.Anew-conceptofno-tillwheatplanter,named2BMD-12no-tillrow-followwheatplanter,hadbeendevelopedbyChinaAgriculturalUniversitytosolve

6、anextremelyimportantproblemwhichiszerotillageplantingofwheatinnarrowrowspacing(150-200mm)betweenrowsofveryhigh-levelsfulllength,standingmaizestubbleinonepassinthedoublecroppingsituationofNorthChina.Apoweredrotarystrip-choppingunitwasplacedforwardofeachsinglerowofplantertinestoensurethattheabove-grou

7、ndsectionoftheplantertineiskeptfreefromresidueblockage.Fieldperformancetestofthemachinedemonstratedthatitcouldbeagoodchoicetoworkeffectivelyformuchofthetimeundermorediffcultresidueconditionsthanthatmostotherplanterscouldtolerateespeciallywhenitfollowswellbetweenthestandingmaizestubblerows.Buttherear

8、estillsomeproblemsexistingfortherotarystrip-choppingunit,plantingunitandgroundwheelsetc.Thethesisfocusedonimprovingthedesignofthemachinetosolvetheseproblems.(1)Thestrip-choppingaxiswasredesignedtoreducevibrationandpowerconsumptionbyadjustingthearrangementoftheknivesandonthebasisofanalyzingtheforceso

9、ntheaxis.Theimprovedmachinecanadapttomaizerowspacingfrom500mmto700mm.(2)Moreimprovementsweredoneontheplanningunitfocusingontheblockageanddepthcontrolissues.Anewanti-blockagemechanism,whichcombinesthepoweredchoppinganddiscopener,wasdesignedandtested.Fertilizerwasappliedusingthenarrowtineopenerwithcho

10、ppingunitinfrontofeachtine;whileadoublediscopener,whichisprovedtohavehighresiduehandlingcapacity,wasinstalledrightbehindeachtinetoseedintothefertilizerfurrow.Thisnewdesignreducedtheblockagebetweenplantingunits.Meanwhileseedingdepthofeachrowcanbecontrolledseparatelybythegroundfeelingmechanismoneachdo

11、uble-discopener.SodothemodeanalysisinthefiniteelementanalysissoftwareANSYSandmakeappropriateremedyforthemainframeandthemainshaft.Getacompactfirmsteadymodelinthesoftwareinterface.Theblockcanbeeliminatedwhentheknivesofpulverizesrunthroughtheabuttedfurrowopenerstems.Theproblemofroughseedingbedisavoided

12、intheuseofrowcontrolledmethod.Itismoreappropriatetothedefinitionofconservativetillagefordisturbinglesssoil.Seedingandfertilizationcanbefinishedinthesinglecourseinthefieldwithaveragecoverdegreeof4kg/itf.andallmaizestanding.Itcansavetime,increasesoilfertility,lessentheworkingproceduretousethedrill.Fin

13、ally,itwillreducetheagricultureinput.外文資料翻譯譯文免耕播種機在我國廣大一年兩熟地區(qū)大力推廣保護性耕作是目前該地區(qū)農(nóng)機工作者的重要任務(wù)之一，其意義深遠。而一年兩熟的耕作方式卻給免耕播種帶來了若干問題，如玉米收獲后播種小麥工作的農(nóng)時緊張，此時由于秸稈和雜草的覆蓋量大且韌性強，播種過程中容易造成擁堵；玉米根荏發(fā)達致使耕作阻力大；采用單圓盤式開溝器的機具又會出現(xiàn)晾種現(xiàn)象等。目前國內(nèi)外的多種小麥免耕播種機都不能很好的適應(yīng)我國一年兩熟耕作制度的需要。在認(rèn)真體會保護性耕作技術(shù)的原理與要求后，針對以上諸多問題，設(shè)計制造適用于我國一年兩熟地區(qū)的小麥對行免耕播種機。目前，國

14、內(nèi)外免耕播種機研制中存在的核心問題是免耕播種機的清單排堵問題。盡管國內(nèi)外農(nóng)機專家在免耕播種機的研制中取得了一定的成績，已應(yīng)用的排堵方法和防堵裝置類型各異，但都未從根本上解決這一問題。通過對以往國內(nèi)外免耕播種機所采用的防堵裝置及其工作原理的分類和分析，對比了它們各自的優(yōu)缺點，結(jié)合免耕地覆蓋秸稈的生物力學(xué)特性和切割方式的對比分析，在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)想出了滑切式清單排堵裝置的基本原理和總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方案。針對一年兩熟地區(qū)夏玉米整稈覆蓋下免耕直播冬小麥播種機易產(chǎn)生堵塞這一難題，中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)提出了對行播種思路，研制了2BMD-12SM、麥對行免耕施肥播種機。該機通過粉碎刀軸打碎玉米秸稈和田間雜草，在玉米行間播種

15、小麥，為解決堵塞問題提供了一種可彳丁方0田間試驗表明，該機還存在粉碎刀軸不可調(diào)、振動大，播種機構(gòu)易奎堵，地輪滑移率大等問題，需進一步改進完善。本文針對這些技術(shù)問題對該機進行了改進研究：(1)通過刀座的合理排列及對刀軸的強度校核與振動分析，改進設(shè)計了可調(diào)粉碎刀軸。刀座采用類似雙螺旋線排列，從理論上保證了動平衡，通過調(diào)整粉碎刀軸的刀片在刀座上的位置，播種機能滿足550-700mm行距；(2)對播種機構(gòu)進行了改進，設(shè)計了動力驅(qū)動粉碎刀軸與圓盤開溝器組合的防堵機構(gòu)。采用短翼尖角開溝器破荏開溝并施肥，緊隨其后的圓盤開溝器在肥溝上開溝播種，動力驅(qū)動粉碎刀軸在尖角開溝器前排堵，有效地解決了原樣機相鄰兩組種管之間的奎堵問題：設(shè)計了單圓盤和雙圓盤兩種播種單體，通過田間防堵性能試驗選擇了雙圓盤播種單體；施肥開溝器為整體仿形，而雙圓盤播種鎮(zhèn)壓單體采用平行四連桿單體仿形，能夠有效控制播種深度，播深一致性好。在設(shè)計過程中對機架和主軸在有限元分析軟件ANSY科境下進行了模態(tài)分析。在模態(tài)分析的基礎(chǔ)上對播種機模型進行了適當(dāng)?shù)母倪M