新概念一冊 語法 文檔

1、新概念一冊 L1 -L2 知識點短語：  Excuse me ！用法：1、向陌生人問路時 2、引起對方注意時3、在某個聚會中突然中途要離開一會兒時4、在發(fā)生一個簡單的不算太錯的錯誤時（sorry 對不起，用于對別人有傷害時） Pardon? 全句為 ：I beg your pardon. 意思是請求對方把剛才講過的話重復一遍。 常用詞性：v. verb 動詞 n. noun 名詞 adj. adjective 形容詞 adv. adverb 副詞pron. pronoun 代詞 prep. preposition 介詞 conj. conjunction 連詞 num. 數(shù)詞 int

2、 . 感嘆詞人稱代詞：用來指代人、動植物及無生命的物體。單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit人稱代詞的用法 1. 主格用作主語，放在句首。2. 賓格用作賓語，置于動詞或介詞之后。be 動詞有 am, is, are be 動詞的基本意思：是am 只能跟在第一人稱的單數(shù) I 后面is 跟在第三人稱單數(shù) he, she 后面 she is, he is, it is, Tim isare 搭配 you, 不管是單數(shù)還是復數(shù) you are, we are, they are I am = I&

3、#39;m she is = she's he is = he's it is = it'sTim is = Tim's you are = you're we are = we're they are = they're 含有 be 動詞的簡單的陳述句，否定句，一般疑問句。This is my handbag. 這是我的手提包。含有 be 動詞的句子如果變否定句，就是在 be 動詞后面加 notThis is not my handbag. 這不是我的手提包。含有 be 動詞的句子，如果變成一般疑問句，就是把 be 動詞提到句

4、子的前面，大寫Is this my handbag? 這是我的手提包嗎？Is this your handbag?This is my book. 這是我的書。This is not my book. 這不是我的書。Is this your book? 這是你的書嗎？Yes, it is. 是的。Lesson 3-L4 指示代詞： this 這 ，這個that 那 ，那個these 這 ，這些those 那 ，那些Lesson 3 Sorry, sir.詞匯(10)umbrella n.傘please int.請here adv.這里my possessive adjective 我的tick

5、et n.票number n.號碼five num.五sorry adj.對不起的sir n.先生cloakroom n.衣帽存放處  here adv.這里地點副詞：（在英語中，時間副詞、地點副詞的前面不能加介詞）here 這里there 那兒home 家（副詞，名詞）abroad 國外downstairs 樓底下upstairs 樓上downtown 市中心 five num.五 number five 五號 one，two，three，four，five，sir，seven，eight，nine，tensir n.先生 對不相識的男子、年長者或上級的尊稱What can I d

6、o for you, sir? 先生，您要買什么？ sir通常用于正式信函開頭的稱呼：Dear Sir Sir可用于有爵士稱號者的名字或姓名前，但不用于姓氏前。madam：女士，夫人Mr.：先生Mrs.：夫人（已婚的）Miss：小姐，一般用于指末婚女子，不過在不知道對方是否已婚時也可使用（兩種發(fā)音：mis 已婚未婚均可；miz即不愿意被稱為已婚，又不愿意被稱為未婚）mister：加在男性的姓氏前面gentleman 紳士，對男性比較有禮貌的稱呼，在公眾場合最得體的稱呼lady 女士ladies and gentlemen Lady first. guy 在美國英語中對男性一種不正式的稱呼，家伙

7、boy 在美語中不正式的稱呼 girl 女孩male 男性female女性man 男人 woman 婦女語法祈使句：祈使句：主語通常不直接表示出來，其謂語動詞用原型，也叫無主句。表示命令、請求、建議、叮囑等。祈使句真正的主語是你，但省略了。My umbrella and my coat please. 省略了動詞和間接賓語的祈使句。Keep off the grass! 請勿踐踏草地！Help yourself! 請自己動手！某些祈使動詞可以后跟and和另一個祈使動詞，而不是后跟帶to的動詞不定式結構。Come and see this goldfish.Go and buy yourself

8、 a new pair of shoes.去給自己買雙新鞋吧。Wait and see. 等著瞧吧。倒裝句：here is 是簡單的倒裝句，be 動詞放在 here 的后面，這個句式就可以成為簡單的倒裝句式。My ticket is here. 我的票在這。Here is my ticket. / Here's my ticket.課文My coat and my umbrella please.Here is my ticket.Thank you, sir.Number five.Here's your umbrella and your coat.This is not

9、my umbrella.Sorry, sir.Is this your umbrella?No, it isn't.Is this it?Yes, it is.Thank you very much.Lesson 64 Don't You mustn't 單詞play v. 玩 n. 戲劇 match n. 火柴，比賽 a box of match 一盒火柴 a football match 足球比賽 talk v. 談話 talk about 談論關于 talk to sb. 與談話 library n. 圖書館 in the library 在圖書管里 drive

10、v. 開車 ，驅(qū)趕 so adv. 如此地 （用在形容詞和副詞的前面） so quickly 如此地快 conj. 因此，所以quickly adv. 快地 quick adj. 快的lean out of 身體探出 lean (v.) 傾斜，傾身 lean on 依靠 依賴 break v. 打破 n. 打破 noise n. 喧鬧聲 play v. 玩 v. 玩，做游戲 The children are playing in the garden.play with 玩（東西） play with matches 玩火柴 v. 參加（體育活動、比賽等） Lets play chess! n

11、. 玩耍；娛樂 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不娛樂會使人變呆的。 n. 戲劇，表演 noise n. 喧鬧聲make a noise制造噪音 have a rest 休息一下take a look at 看一眼 break v. 打破 v. 打破；使碎裂 v. 損壞；弄壞 v. 破壞；違反語法禁令Dont and Mustntdont “不要”一般的不要做什么事，告誡，勸告mustnt“不許，不要”，表示堅決制止，不許可，語氣更堅決強烈詞組take any aspirins 吃藥take this medicine 吃藥call

12、the doctor 請大夫play with matches 玩火柴talk in the library 在圖書館make a noise 發(fā)出噪音lean out of the window 身體探出break that vase 打破花瓶Lesson 65 Not a baby 單詞Dad n. 爸（兒語）key n. 鑰匙 adj.關鍵的baby n. 嬰兒-à babies hear v. 聽見 ,聽說 enjoy v. 玩得快活yourself pron.你自己ourselves pron.我們自己mum n. 媽媽  key n. 鑰匙 解答，答案

13、 鍵盤 （可數(shù)名詞）adj. 關鍵的當key 意為“ 鑰匙 或解答，答案” 時常與 to 連用 當key 意為“ 鍵盤” 時常與 of 連用 例如： the key to the front door 前門的鑰匙 the keys of a piano 鋼琴鍵盤 hear v. 聽見 （強調(diào)聽到的結果，內(nèi)容） v. 聽見 Can you hear me? 你能聽到嗎？ Do you hear? 你聽見了嗎？ v. 傾聽，認真聽 Wed better hear what he has to say.拓展詞組：hear from sb. 收到某人的來信 I hear from my mother

14、every week.hear of . 聽說. listen 聽，正在聽 （ 強調(diào)聽的動作） listening 聽力listen to + sth. He listened but could hear nothing. enjoy v. 玩得快活 v. 過得快活 enjoy + oneself 反身代詞 ：玩得高興 = have a good time =have fun She enjoyed herself in the vacation. v. 樂于；喜愛 enjoy+ n.（物體） 喜歡 I enjoyed that meal.enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事 v.

15、享有，享受 We all enjoy our legal rights. 反身代詞：表示反射或強調(diào)的代詞。 反射指一個動作反射到該動作執(zhí)行者本身。 強調(diào)指用來加強名詞或代詞的語氣。用法：當賓語和主語是同一個人時，一般需要用翻身代詞.反身代詞單數(shù)復數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himself / herself / itselfthemselves一般將來時：表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。主語 + be gong to + 動詞原形 + 其它 主語 + will + 動詞原形 +其它 課文FATHER: What are

16、you going to do this evening, Jill? Be going to do . 往往表示事先考慮過的意圖，打算做了準備。JILL: I'm going to meet some friends, Dad. = see ones friends 看朋友FATHER: You mustn't come home late. You must be home at half past ten. At + 點時間 “在幾點.” JILL: I can't get home so early, Dad!Can I have the key to the

17、front door please? the key to the front door 前門的鑰匙 FATHER: No, you can't.MOTHER: Jill's eighteen years old, Tom. She's not a baby. Give her the key. She always comes home early.FATHER: Oh, all right! FATHER: Here you are. But you mustn't come home（=be come回家 ） after a quarter past el

18、even. Do you hear?JILL: Yes, Dad. Thanks, Mum.MOTHER: That's all right. Goodbye. That's all right.= Youre welcome = It doesnt matter 沒關系 Enjoy yourself! = Have a good time 玩的愉快JILL: We always enjoy ourselves, Mum. Bye-bye.Lesson 67 The weekend 詞匯 greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果零售商absent adj. 缺席的Mon

19、day n. 星期一Tuesday n. 星期二Wednesday n. 星期三Thursday n. 星期四Friday n. 星期五Saturday n. 星期六Sunday n. 星期日keep v. （身體健康）處于（狀況）或 保持 spend v. 度過 或 花費 weekend n. 周末 on weekends 在周末country n. 鄉(xiāng)村lucky adj. 幸運的 greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果零售商在英文中，表示店鋪、住宅、公共機構、公共建筑物以及教堂的名字或某人家時，名詞所有格后常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞：at the greengrocer's (sho

20、p) 在蔬菜水果店at the butcher's (shop) 在肉店里at the dentist's (office) 在牙醫(yī)的診所at the hairdresser's (shop) 在理發(fā)店at the stationers (shop) 在文具店at my mother's house = at my mother'sEg ： I am going to stay at my mother's this Friday.They are going to stay at her mother's this weekend.&#

21、160; absent adj. 缺席的 反義詞 ：present ( adj ) 出席的 ， 現(xiàn)在的 be absent from 不在，缺席 be absent from school 缺課be absent from work 曠工Eg: She is often absent from school. keep v. （身體健康）處于（狀況） v. 使保持某狀態(tài)；保持 Keep the fire burning. v. 保存；保留 He would not be able to keep his job. 他恐怕保不住他那份工作了。keep off 躲開 ，避開 keep on 繼續(xù)

22、keep on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事 keep ( sb. ) doing sth. 讓某人不停的做某事 spend v. 度過 v. 花（時間等）；度過spend + n./ pron. 度過 spend my holidayEg : We are going to spend three days at my mothers house .I want to spend my holiday in the country this weekend. v. 用（錢），花費 spend + 時間/金錢 + on +sth. Eg : Women spend a lot of mone

23、y on clothes.Children spend a lot of time on Internet.spend + 時間/金錢 +(in) doing sth.Eg : The student spent 2 hours (in) doing his homework . 拓展： spend 人作主語cost v. 花費 物做主語，表示物的售價sth. cost sb. some money Eg : I bought a new book , it costs me 20 dollars.take v. 花費， 指花費時間It takes / took sb. some time t

24、o do sth. Eg : It took me 3 hours to explain this plan.pay v. 花費 人做主語，人為某物付錢 sb. pay some money for sth. country n. 鄉(xiāng)村 n. 國家；國土；故鄉(xiāng) ( 當國家講時前面不加the ) Eg : China is a large country . n. 鄉(xiāng)下，鄉(xiāng)村 in the country = in the countryside 鄉(xiāng)下 country表示“農(nóng)村”時，前面一定要加定冠詞the。 adj. 鄉(xiāng)下的；鄉(xiāng)村風味的I prefer country life to life

25、 in the city.鄉(xiāng)村生活與城市生活相比，我更喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活。 lucky adj. 幸運的 adj. 有好運的，幸運的 adj. 僥幸的，碰巧的 Its lucky hes here. 他碰巧在這兒。luck ( n. )運氣 lucky lucky dog！ 幸運兒luck n. 命運 good luck ！ 好運氣！ have no luck 沒有運氣try ones luck 試試某人的運氣 課文MRS.JOHNSON: Hello. Were you at the butcher's? （省略了shop ） MRS.WILLIAMS: Yes, I was. Were

26、you at the butcher's, too?MRS.JOHNSON: No, I wasn't. I was at the greengrocer's. How's Jimmy today? （詢問身體）MRS.WILLIAMS: He's very well ( = fine ) , thank you.MRS.JOHNSON: Was he absent from school last week? be absent from . 缺席 MRS.WILLIAMS: Yes, he was. He was absent on Monday,

27、Tuesday, Wednesday and Tuesday. （星期前用on ）MRS.WILLIAMS: How are you all keeping? （詢問對方身體的話相當于 How are you ? ） all 表示“所有，都.”用來指三個或三個以上 MRS.JOHNSON: Very well, thank you. We're going to spend three days in the country (在鄉(xiāng)下). We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend.MRS.WILLIAMS:Fr

28、iday, Saturday and Sunday in the country! Aren't you lucky! 注釋： 1、We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend.stay in bed 呆在床上 in the bed 在床上（躺在床上）on the bed 坐在床上 stay at home 呆在家里（home作名詞）2、We're going to stay at my mother's for the weekend.for the weekend 整個周末這幾天時間at the

29、 weekend 強調(diào)時間的某一點語法一般過去時概念：1. 描述過去的事實或狀態(tài)，描述過去的動作。過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結束的動作要用一般過去時來表示。2、 一般過去時態(tài)：表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。謂語動詞要用一般過去式。be動詞is的過去式是was、are是were 結構 ：肯定句： 主語 + was/ were+ 其它 如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我遲到了。） 主語 + 動詞的過去式（動詞的ed ） + 其它 Eg : I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工廠工作。 否定句：主語+ wasnt/ we

30、rent/ didnt +V(原形) + 其它 一般疑問句：was/ were + 主語 + ?Did + 主語 + V原 + ?回答：Yes, 主語 + was/ were/ did. No, 主語+ wasnt/werent /didnt時間標志：yesterday（昨天），the day before yesterday（前天） last + 一段時間 （last week（上周）, last month（上個月）, last year（去年）, 一段時間+ ago two months ago（兩個月前）, in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里

31、）等表示過去的時間狀語。 動詞的過去式變化 動詞的過去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變化兩種：規(guī)則變化：1、一般的動詞后面直接加-2、單詞末尾是e的直接加d，e+d發(fā)音規(guī)則同上 believe - believed3、如果是輔音字母加y結尾的單詞，要把y變i加ed “輔音 + y >i + ed ” study -> studied, cry -> cried play -> played，enjoy -> enjoyed, empty -> empties -> emptied 4、單詞是以短元音加一個輔音結尾，這個輔音要雙寫加ed短元音+輔音字母>雙寫輔

32、音字母+edC, e, a, i stop -> stopped, beg -> begged, fit -> fitted不規(guī)則變化：buy -> bought -> boughtlose -> lost -> losefind -> found -> foundmake -> made -> madeget -> got -> gotmeet -> met -> methave -> had -> hadsend -> sent -> senthear -> heard

33、-> heardsweep -> swept -> sweptleave -> left -> lefttell -> told -> told否定疑問句：否定疑問句表示雙重肯定，表示說話者驚異的情緒、責難的口吻或贊嘆；也可表示說話者的某種建議、邀請、請求或看法等。Havent I asked you? 難道我沒問過你嗎？Arent you a student?Cant you wait a moment? 你不能等一會兒嗎？回答這種問題這種問題時用簡略回答。如果答語是肯定的，就用Yes；如果答語是否定的，就用No。但答語的漢語譯法有特殊之處。 Don

34、t you know English? Yes, I do. 不，我懂。一、選擇題練習1. Who _ over there now?   A. singing   B. are sing   C. is singing   D. sing2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class.  A. have  B. having  C. is having D. are having3. Listen! The baby

35、 _ in the next room.   A. crying   B. cried   C. is crying    D. cries4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters.   A. are wearing   B. wearing   C. are wear   D. is wearing5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. is sleeping&#

36、160;  B. are sleeping  C. sleeping   D. sleep6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital. A. work/ work   B. works/ work   C. work/ works7. Who _ English best in your class?   A. speak   B. speaks   C. speak

37、ing8. Mrs Read _ the windows every day.   A. is cleaning    B. clean   C. cleans9. We _ music and often _ to music.   A. like/ listen   B. likes/ listens   C. like/ are listening10. She _ up at six in the morning.   A. get &#

38、160; B. gets   C. getting11. On Sunday he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping.   A. wash/ do    B. is washing/ is doing   C. washes/ does12. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it.   A. have/

39、have   B. have/ has   C. has/ have13 _ you _ your homework now ?A. Do; doing B. Are; doing C. Were; doing D. Does; do14 _ your mother _ shopping at the moment ? A. Are; doing B. Is; doing C. Is; taking D. Are; taking15 _ the children _ the radio ? A. Is; listening B. Is; listenin

40、g to C. Are; listening to D. Are; listening二、填空：1. My father always _(come) back from work very late.2. The teacher is busy. He _ (sleep) six hours a day.3. Listen! Joan _(sing) in the classroom. She often _ (sing) there.4. _ your brother _(know) Japanese?5. Where _ you _ (have) lunch every day?6. T

41、he girl _(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She _(wear) a red skirt today.三、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式1. work_   sing_     play_     study_2. dance_     have_     write_     take_3. run_   

42、0; sit_     shop_      swim_ 四、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式1. work_     read_     clean_ write_2. teach_     wash_     guess_    watch_3. go_     do

43、_     photo_4. study_     fly_     cry_   play_ 5. have_Lesson 68 What's the time? 詞匯church n. 教堂dairy n. 乳品店，乳制品 at the dairy 在乳品店 baker n. 面包師傅grocer n. 食品雜貨商Lesson 69 The car race詞匯（11）year n. 年，年紀 ，歲數(shù) last year 去年 the

44、 year after next 后年 the year before last 前年 all the year round 全年 race n. 比賽 （強調(diào)競技性強、激烈的） v. 賽跑 town n. 城填crowd n. 人群stand v. 站立exciting adj. 使人激動的just adv. 正好，恰好 剛剛 Just a moment ! 稍等一下 ！ finish n. 結尾，結束winner n. 獲勝者behind prep.在之后way n. 路途（抽象），方法， 方式 on the way 在路上 by the way 順便說說 in the way 妨礙 ra

45、ce n. 比賽 car race 車賽in the race 在比賽中 at the race 在賽場上  crowd n. 人群 in the crowd：在人群中Eg: You can see us in the crowd.crowd v.擠上去 , 擁擠 crowd into 擁護，擠進get on the bus 上公共汽車 crowd into the bus 擠公共汽車Eg : I get up at 7 o'clock every morning. Then I crowd into the bus.crowded adj.擁擠的 stand v. 站立 v

46、. 站立，起立They stood because there were no seats.沒有座位，所以他們只好站著。 v. （建筑物）直立，聳立；（植物）直立生長Look at the corn standing in the fields!瞧那長在地里的玉米！ finish n. 結尾，結束 n. 結束；最后階段（或部分） an exciting finish 令人興奮的結果At eleven the dinner finally dragged to a finish. 宴會拖到11點才結束。The finish of the race was very exciting. n. 完美

47、，完善；（舉止等）優(yōu)雅His dancing lacks finish. 他的舞跳得并不完美。We hoped that four years of college would give him some finish.我們希望4年的大學教育會使他有些教養(yǎng)。 v. 完成finish (v. )+ doing sth. 完成做某事 I finished reading that book last work. way n. 路途（抽象） way 想象中抽象的路on ones way home/ to school on the way (home)/ to schoolroad：路，城市與鄉(xiāng)間的路，國道，指具體的路 3 ring road 三環(huán)路street：街道 lane lein 胡同path：路徑，林間小路 route：ru:t 路線 highway：高速路By the way 順便說一下 This way, please! 請這邊走 in this way 用這種方法課文There is a car race