非謂語動詞的用法詳解

1、非謂語動詞非謂語動詞有3 種：不定式，動名詞和分詞。不定式不定式由to do”構(gòu)成，其否定式not to do"。不定式可帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有語態(tài)的變化，不定式可作主，賓，定，狀，補，表，不能單獨作謂語。一 . 不定式的用法1 作主語To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking.2 作表語My job is to teach English.3 作賓語He wanted to go.I find it hard to work with him.常見用不定式作賓語的動詞:want, wish,

2、like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare, refuse, swear, expect, plan, would like, make up one s mind, be determined4 作補語He asked me to open the door.常見用不定式作賓補的動詞:advise, allow, permit, fo

3、rbid, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, like, order, peruade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, considerpractice:* 在感官動詞 feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe,和使役動詞 make, let, have等后的補語中，不定式不帶to,但這些句子變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，就必須帶toI often hear him sing the song.He is o

4、ften heard to sing the song.5 作定語He is looking for a room to live in.There s nothing to worry about.不定式作定語的用法：6 作狀語I came here to see you.（表目的） in order to / so as toWe were excited to hear the news. （表原因）He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there.(表結(jié)果7疑問詞+不定式，在句中起名詞作用，可作主，賓，表He didn't

5、 know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.8作插入語To tell the truth, I don 't agree with you.to be sure to be frank to sum up to begin /start with to make matters worseto be brief二不定式的時態(tài)，語態(tài)1 一般式：表示的動作與謂語動作同時或在它之后發(fā)生He pretended not to know me when I me

6、t him in the street.2進(jìn)行式：表示動作發(fā)生時，不定式動作正在發(fā)生He pretended to be reading English when I entered the classroom.3完成式：表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前He is said to have learned English in Britain for a year.主動被動一般式to doto be done進(jìn)行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been doneThe flowers need to be watered.A railway is said t

7、o be being built now.No harm seems to have been done.四不定式的省略為避免重復(fù)可用to來代替前面的不定式，常出現(xiàn)在下列動詞后expect, hope, wish,mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try 或出現(xiàn)在 be glad, be happy, would like/love 后eg: I haven't been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.-Would you come to the party?- I 'd love to, but 如果在省略不定式中含

8、有be, have, have been等系動詞或助動詞，這些詞要保留。eg: - Are you on holiday?- No, but I 'd like to be.-I didn 't tell him the news. - Oh, you ought to have.動名詞動名詞由動詞+ing構(gòu)成，具有動詞和名詞性質(zhì)，其否定式在前加not,在句中起名詞的作用，可作主，賓，表，定語。一動名詞的作用1作主語Seeing is believing.Choosing what to eat is not as easy as before. There is no jok

9、ing about such serious matters. It is no use / good doing sth.動名詞作主語與不定式作主語的區(qū)別Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous. （指次具體動作）2 作表語：My job is teaching.3作賓語I like swimming.He is fond of playing football.*下列動詞或動詞短語之后只接動名詞作賓語（不接不定式作賓語）advise, allow, admit, appreciate,

10、avoid, consider（考慮），delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep mind, biss（錯過），practice, permit, risk, resist, suggest,can' help（情不自 禁），can' stand優(yōu)法忍受），give up, feel like, put off, be busy, keep on, insist on, 100k forward to, stick to, devote to, get down to, be hs

11、ed to, object to, have difficulty / trouble （in）, have a good time下列動詞后可跟動名詞作賓語，也可跟不定式作賓語，但意義不同。forgetrememberregretbo onstopcan't helptry mean4作定語He has a reading room.二 動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)1 一般式：動名詞的動作沒有明確表示是與謂語動作同時還是在其前發(fā)生時We're interested in playing chess.His coming will be of great help to us.2 完成式

12、：如果動名詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語的動作之前，用完成式I'm sorry for not having kept my promise.主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneHe likes being helped.He was afraid of being left alone.The house showed no sign of having been damaged. 動名詞的主動形式表被動意義三動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞的邏輯主語一般是和句子的主語一致，但也有不一致的情況。如果不一致, 則要在動名詞前加上其邏輯主語，

13、構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。*若動名詞作主語時，其邏輯主語用物主代詞或名詞的所有格。His coming made me very happy.Peter's coming made me very happy.分 詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成v+ing,過去分詞為v +ed。其否定式在其前加not,分詞句中可作定，狀，補，表。一分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)過去分詞無時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化現(xiàn)在分詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)變化主動被動一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done一般式表示和謂語動作同時發(fā)生Being a student, he was int

14、erested in books.The question being discussed is important.完成式表示在謂語動作之前發(fā)生Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.二分詞的作用1 作定語We can't drink the polluted water.the water polluted by the waste The man st

15、anding by the window is our teacher.e.g boiling waterfalling leaves1boiled watert 回en leaves2作表語The news is inspiring. The glass is broken.3作補語常用的動詞為感官動詞：feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, observe, notice 使役動詞：have, make, letWe saw the teacher doing the experiment. （see sb. do 區(qū)另1J）He tried

16、 to make himself understood.4.作狀語Being a student, I must study hard.（原因）While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.（時間）（相當(dāng)于狀語從句的省略）Can't you read?” He said angrily, pointing to the notice.（ 伴隨）The accident happened, killing three.（結(jié)果）Taken 3 times a day, the medicine will have a good ef

17、fect.（條件）（五）分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.基本練習(xí)題:1 、 We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketball,that allchildren like these things.A thinkin

18、gB think C to think D thought2 There have been several new events to the program for the 2008Beijing Olympic Games.A addB to add C adding D added3 I can sttand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses talking while she works.A working; stoppingB to work; stoppingC working; to stopDto work; to

19、stop4 A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .AunsatisfiedBunsatisfyingCto be satisfyingDbeing satisfied5 No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract peopleall over the world.A performedB performingC to be performedD6 this c

20、ake, youA Having madeBbeing performed ll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.Make C To make D Making7 If you think that treating a woman well means always her permissionfor things, think again.A getsB gotC to getD getting8 As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great nat

21、ional literature were at hand, waiting A to use B to be used C to have used D to be using9 It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illnessA to make B to be made C making D being made10 The Chinese are proud of the 29 th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.A holdB holdingC he

22、ldD to be held11 with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A FacedB FaceC Facing D To face12 AIDS is said the biggest health challenge to both men and women inthat area over the past few years.A that it is B to be C that it has been D to have been13 Don t sit there nothing. Come a

23、nd help me with this table.A doB to doC doing D and doing14 Faced with a bill for $10,000, .A John has taken an extra job B the boss has given John an extra job C an extra job has been taken D an extra job has been given to John15 、He hurried to the booking office only that all the tickets had been

24、soldout.A to tellB to be told C tellingD told16 、Five people won the “ China s Green Figure ” award, a titleto ordinarypeople for their contributions to environmental protection.A being given B is givenC given D was given17 、Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to since theflood hit

25、the area last Friday.A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost18 、The bird flu through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20times so far,16.A sweeps; killed B swept; killingC sweeping; to kill D sweeping; killing19 、The man of shooting 6 school children was caught by Bei

26、jing police,the Xinhua News Agency reported on Friday.A being suspectedB suspectingC suspectedD to be suspected20 、The students entered the classroom, smiling and , and down tohave their lessons.A talked; sat B talking; sitting C talking; sat D talked; sitting Have you ever heard of an American president call