Chapter3商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯特點(diǎn)

1、Chapter 3商務(wù)英語(yǔ)翻譯特點(diǎn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用句型和結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常見(jiàn)兩種漢譯方法譯為漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句譯為漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句保留原文的主語(yǔ)Developed to meet the needs of very high output networks, this new socket is characterized first of all by its exceptional performance. 這種新型的插座是為了滿足高度信息輸出網(wǎng)絡(luò)的需要而開(kāi)發(fā)的產(chǎn)品，它首要的特點(diǎn)是性能卓越。譯為漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句Problems should be resolved in good time.問(wèn)題應(yīng)及時(shí)加以解決。O

2、n their domestic stations, the trade issues were discussed briefly.在他們國(guó)內(nèi)電臺(tái)的廣播中，貿(mào)易問(wèn)題只是輕描淡寫地報(bào)導(dǎo)了一下。The difference between a brain and a computer can be expressed in a single word: complexity.人腦與電腦的差異可以概括成一個(gè)詞：復(fù)雜性。practice將原文的主語(yǔ)譯成賓語(yǔ)，增補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for

3、the firms output. 人們認(rèn)為營(yíng)銷就是為某個(gè)公司的產(chǎn)品尋找買主，并鼓勵(lì)購(gòu)買。Public relations(PR) is a term that is widely misunderstood and misused to describe anything from selling to hosting, when in fact it is a very specific communication process.人們普遍對(duì)公共關(guān)系這個(gè)詞存在誤解，錯(cuò)誤地用它來(lái)描述從銷售到招待客人等無(wú)所不包的各種活動(dòng)，而實(shí)際上，它是一個(gè)非常專門的交流過(guò)程。An MBA degree is

4、considered to be one of the important requirements for the corporate position.人們認(rèn)為工商管理碩士學(xué)歷是擔(dān)任這一公司職位的必要條件之一。With the development of modern electrical engineering, power can be transmitted to wherever it is needed.隨著現(xiàn)代電氣工程的發(fā)展，人們能把電力輸送到所需要的任何地方。practice將原文的某一部分譯成主語(yǔ)They did a security check on all the l

5、uggage that was being loaded onto the other flight and found that there was no passenger name on that manifesto to match that particular suitcase. 他們對(duì)另一個(gè)航班正在裝運(yùn)的所有行李進(jìn)行了安全檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)在乘客的登記單上，沒(méi)有一個(gè)乘客的名字能和那個(gè)行李箱對(duì)上。Trade relationship has been established between China and most other countries in the world.中國(guó)與世界上

6、大多數(shù)國(guó)家建立了貿(mào)易關(guān)系。practice把施事者譯成主語(yǔ)This conclusion is hardly justified bytheresults. 這些結(jié)果很難證明這個(gè)結(jié)論是正確的。譯成無(wú)主句Four major stages inthe product life cycle have been identified: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. 已經(jīng)確認(rèn)，產(chǎn)品的生命周期可以劃分為四個(gè) 主要階段：引進(jìn)市場(chǎng)階段，成長(zhǎng)階段，成熟 階段和衰退階段。Thecase is being investigated. 正在調(diào)查這個(gè)案件。 T

7、heaircraft has been redesigned. 已經(jīng)重新設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)這種飛機(jī)。practice英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可以翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)“受事者-是-施事 者-動(dòng)詞的”Thefinancial information provided by an accounting system is needed by managerial decision-makers tohelp them plan and controltheactivitiesoftheeconomic entity. 會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)提供的金融信息對(duì)于幫助管理層決 策人員制定計(jì)劃和控制該經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體的活動(dòng)而 言是不可或缺的。The

8、decisionof acquisition and merger is not taken lightly bythemanagement. 并購(gòu)的決定不是管理層輕易做出的。practice以it為形式主語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句子，在翻譯成漢 語(yǔ)的時(shí)候往往使用主動(dòng)形式。It is generally agreed that organizations with effective managers will likely be successful, whereas organizations with poor managers will likely fail. 人們普遍認(rèn)為，擁有高效勝任的管理人

9、員， 公司成功的可能性更大，而管理人員能力低 下的公司則大多會(huì)失敗。漢語(yǔ)中表達(dá)被動(dòng)的一些詞或結(jié)構(gòu)：遭受、遭到、受到、得到、受、挨、叫、被 、給 、為所等等Political contests remind us thatthecandidates are marketed as well as soap; students recruitment by colleges reminds us that higher education is marketed; and fund raising reminds us that “causes” are marketed. 政治競(jìng)爭(zhēng)讓我們看到候選

10、人也像肥皂一樣被宣傳推銷；大學(xué)錄取學(xué)生使我們明白高等教育也要宣傳推銷；集資活動(dòng)也讓我們了解到“各種事業(yè)”同樣也需要宣傳推銷。譯為漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句定語(yǔ)從句常用句型和結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯翻譯方法前置法后置法溶合法前置法There are real estate markets, foreign exchange markets, labor markets, short-term capital market, and so on; there may be a market for anything which has a price.由房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)、外匯市場(chǎng)、勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)、短期資金市場(chǎng)等等；任何有價(jià)值的東西都可能有個(gè)

11、市場(chǎng)。Nations will usually produce and export those goods in which they have the greatest comparative advantage, and import those items in which they have the least comparative advantage.各國(guó)通常都生產(chǎn)和出口那些他們最具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)的產(chǎn)品，而進(jìn)口那些他們最不具備比較優(yōu)勢(shì)的產(chǎn)品。practiceShe has identified five areas of research which could transform

12、the company and give it a “cutting edge” image.她已經(jīng)確定了五個(gè)能夠使公司轉(zhuǎn)型并賦予公司先進(jìn)形象的研究領(lǐng)域。In case of losses caused by a breach of contract, the financial responsibility shall be borne by the party that has breached the contract.因違反合同而造成的損失，應(yīng)由違反合同的一方承擔(dān)經(jīng)濟(jì)責(zé)任。后置法Business is a combination of all these activities: pro

13、duction, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created.商務(wù)是指生產(chǎn)、配送、銷售等一切活動(dòng)的組合，通過(guò)這些活動(dòng)，創(chuàng)造利潤(rùn)或經(jīng)濟(jì)盈余。practiceThis is a school of international business, the students of which are trained to be business executives for joint ventures or foreign-owned businesses.這是一所國(guó)際商務(wù)學(xué)院，該院學(xué)

14、生將被培養(yǎng)成合資或外國(guó)獨(dú)資企業(yè)的管理者。After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.飯后，四個(gè)主要談判人員繼續(xù)進(jìn)行會(huì)談，一直談到深夜。溶合法Fortunately there are some US Congressmen who are supportive of extending MFN treatment to China.幸好有些美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)議員支持延長(zhǎng)對(duì)華最惠國(guó)待遇。MFN: Most Favored NationThere are qui

15、te a few imitation and shoddy products at the market, which still cause a headache to the consuming public.市場(chǎng)上有不少假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品仍令廣大消費(fèi)者感到頭痛。practiceA contract is an agreement between two or more entities, which createsanobligation to doornot to do a particular thing.合同是指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上實(shí)體之間的協(xié)議，生成去做或不做某件特定事情的義務(wù)。帶有狀語(yǔ)功能

16、的定語(yǔ)從句We did not place an order with that company, whose offer was not what we had expected.我們沒(méi)有與那家公司簽訂購(gòu)買訂單，因?yàn)樗麄兊膱?bào)價(jià)超出我們的預(yù)料。Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work or replace men.盡管電子計(jì)算機(jī)有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是它們不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性工作，也不能代替人。practicePrivate universities in the United State

17、s have offered a wide range of courses that will suit the needs of different students.美國(guó)私立大學(xué)開(kāi)設(shè)了多種多樣的課程，以滿足不同學(xué)生的要求。As you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forced to cut our prices to the minimum.如貴方所知，我方正處中一個(gè)高度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)，因此，我方不能不把價(jià)格降至最低限度。常用句型和結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯長(zhǎng)句翻譯策略順序譯法（直譯法）逆序譯法（逆

18、譯法）拆分譯法綜合譯法直譯法Wehopeyouwillbringforwardanoutlineofyour proposal statingindetailthescaleofproduction，marketing arrangement for buy-back products and mode of payment etc. so that we can make a preliminaryevaluationoftheeconomicfeasibilityofyourproposal.希望貴公司能提出一份建議提綱，說(shuō)明該工廠的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模、回購(gòu)產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)安排、支付方式，等等，以便我方對(duì)

19、這一計(jì)劃在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的可行性做出初步估計(jì)。Ininternationalbuyingandsellingofgoods, there are a number of risks, which, if they occur, will involve traders in financial losses.(在)國(guó)際貿(mào)易貨物的買賣(中)存在著各種各樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的發(fā)生將會(huì)給(有關(guān)的)商人們帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。practiceTheworldisundergoingprofoundchanges:theintegrationofeconomywithscienceandtechnologyisincre

20、asing,therestructuringoftheworldeconomyisspeedingup,andeconomicprosperitydependsnotonlyonthetotalvolumeofresourcesandcapital,butalsodirectlyontheaccumulationandapplicationoftechnologicalknowledgeandinformation.譯文：世界正在發(fā)生深刻的變化：經(jīng)濟(jì)與科學(xué)技術(shù)的結(jié)合與日俱增；世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的重組加快步伐；經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮不僅僅取決于資源和資本的總量，而且直接有賴于技術(shù)知識(shí)和信息的積累及其應(yīng)用。逆譯法在因果關(guān)

21、系上，英語(yǔ)常常從果到因，強(qiáng)調(diào)果對(duì)主體的影響，而漢語(yǔ)則從因到果順理推移，從解釋到結(jié)論，從條件到結(jié)果。在敘和議的關(guān)系上，英語(yǔ)一般先表態(tài)后敘事，而漢語(yǔ)一般先交代事情，后發(fā)表議論。翻譯時(shí)，我們必須從原文的后面譯起，逆著原文的順序翻譯。ExamplesThedocumentarycreditsoffersauniqueanduniversallyusedmethodofachievinga commercially acceptable compromise by providing for payment to be made against documents that represent the

22、goods and make possible the transfer of rights to those goods.跟單信用證提供了一種獨(dú)特的、全世界都采用的方法，即憑代表貨物的單據(jù)付款，從而使貨權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移成為可能。這是一種商業(yè)上可以接受的折中方式。HisdelegationwelcomedthefactthatUNDP waspreparedtorespondtoemergencyneedsas theyrose,despitethebasicallylong-termoperationsthatcharacterizedthoseprograms.盡管聯(lián)合國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃署的特點(diǎn)是開(kāi)展長(zhǎng)期

23、業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)，但是該機(jī)構(gòu)也作了應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備，對(duì)此，他的代表團(tuán)表示歡迎。UNDP：the United Nations Development ProgrammepracticeItshouldbethepressingtaskininternationalpostalcooperationtoactivelyhelpdevelopingcountriesovercomedifficultiesintheirdevelopmentofpostalservicesandtoenergeticallynarrowthegapbetweenthedevelopingandthedevelopedcountri

24、esinthisfield.積極幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家克服郵政建設(shè)中面臨的困難，努力縮小發(fā)展中國(guó)家與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在郵政領(lǐng)域的差距，應(yīng)成為國(guó)際郵政合作的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。拆分譯法WeareobligedforyourenquiryofMay 11 and are pleased to enclose a wide selection of priced patterns of good and medium quality cottons, all of which we can supply from stock.感謝貴公司5月11日之來(lái)函。茲隨函奉上標(biāo)有價(jià)格的中級(jí)棉花精選樣品。凡此種種，皆能從倉(cāng)庫(kù)中隨時(shí)供應(yīng)。p

25、racticeInItalythequestionoftitleis further confused by the fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Doctorand engineers, lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles.在意大利，任何人只要有大學(xué)學(xué)位就可以被成為博士，這使頭銜的問(wèn)題更讓人糊涂。工程師、律師和建筑設(shè)計(jì)師也會(huì)要求別人以他們的職業(yè)頭銜來(lái)稱呼他們。綜合譯法S i n c

26、e t h e c o m p a n y w o u l d n t desireapplicantswhodo not have a good profile it is important that an application form sent to a prospective applicant should request clear information about such things asthe applicants age, qualifications and work experiences as well as references from other ind

27、ividualswhoknowtheapplicant well.由于公司不會(huì)錄用材料不佳的申請(qǐng)者，因此向有希望的應(yīng)聘者激發(fā)包括諸如年齡、資歷、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)等簡(jiǎn)明欣信息的申請(qǐng)表，并向了解應(yīng)聘者情況的有關(guān)人士征求參考意見(jiàn)，這是很重要的。practiceComputerlanguagemay range from detailed low level close to that immediately understood by particular computer, to the sophisticated high level which can be rendered automaticall

28、y acceptable to wide range of computers.譯文：計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言有低級(jí)也有高級(jí)的。前者比較繁瑣，很接近于特定計(jì)算機(jī)直接能懂的語(yǔ)言；后者比較復(fù)雜，適應(yīng)范圍廣，能自動(dòng)為多種計(jì)算機(jī)所接受。數(shù)字翻譯法倍數(shù)的翻譯今年的糧食產(chǎn)量大約是去年的3倍/比去年多兩倍左右。The grain output of this year is about three times as great as that of last year.U n d e r c a r e f u l p r e p a r a t i o n a n d organization, the product

29、ivity of labor has been three to four times higher than usual.在周密的準(zhǔn)備和組織下，勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率比平常高兩至三倍。“是的n倍”“比大（n-1）倍”“be n times + as a. (ad.) as”“n times + a.(ad.)比較級(jí)+than ”n times the size （length, amount,）of B The production of this kind of machine in our plant this year is estimated to increase to 3 times com

30、pared with 2006. 今年我廠這種機(jī)器的產(chǎn)量預(yù)計(jì)是2006年的三倍。（比2006年增加兩倍）公司的銷售額三年來(lái)增加了四倍。 The turnover of the company has grown five times over the past three years.From 1978 to 1992, the per capita net income of farmers rose by six fold, at an average annual rate of 13.4 per cent. 從1978年到1992年，農(nóng)民的人均收入以年均百分之十三點(diǎn)四的速度增長(zhǎng)了五倍。

31、“增加到n倍”、“增加了（n-1）倍” “increase (rise, grow, go up) +(by) n times” “increase (rise, grow, go up) + to + n times” “increase (rise, grow, go up) + n-fold” “increase (rise, grow, go up) + by a factor of + n” The output went up by 45 000 tons.The production has increased by 5 %. 6. “an increase of n”或或“a

32、n% increase of” 表示凈增量，表示凈增量，n n 照譯。照譯。 產(chǎn)量增加了產(chǎn)量增加了45 000 45 000 噸。噸。生產(chǎn)已增加了生產(chǎn)已增加了5 5。There is an increase of 4.5 million tons of steel as compared with last year.鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了450450萬(wàn)噸。萬(wàn)噸。There is a 25% increase of steel as compared with last year. 鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了2525?！癷ncrease (rise, grow, go

33、up) +by n +單位（或單位（或n %）” 表示凈增量，數(shù)詞表示凈增量，數(shù)詞n n等照譯。等照譯。180 decreased by 80 is 100. The cost decreased by 40%. 180180減去減去8080等于等于100100。成本下降了成本下降了4040。This new process used 35 % less fuel.這種工序少用了這種工序少用了3535的燃料。的燃料。7. “decrease ( reduce, fall, lower,等等) + by n 或或n%”; “系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 + n less (than)” 表示凈減量，所減數(shù)字均可

34、照譯表示凈減量，所減數(shù)字均可照譯8. A is n times as small （light，slow，）as B A is n times smaller （lighter， slower，) than B A A的大?。ㄖ亓浚俣?，的大小（重量，速度，）是）是B B的的1/n1/nThe enterprise management expenditure this year has decreased by three times as against that of 2002.The price of farm tools has decreased by a factor of 4.

35、 該企業(yè)今年的行政管理開(kāi)支比該企業(yè)今年的行政管理開(kāi)支比20022002年降低了年降低了2/32/3。 農(nóng)具降到原價(jià)的農(nóng)具降到原價(jià)的1/41/4。 The error probability of the equipment was reduced by 2.5 times through technical innovation.通過(guò)技術(shù)革新該設(shè)備誤差概率降低了通過(guò)技術(shù)革新該設(shè)備誤差概率降低了3/53/5。 因?yàn)橛h語(yǔ)言在使用分?jǐn)?shù)方面的差異（如漢語(yǔ)的分母中極少使用小因?yàn)橛h語(yǔ)言在使用分?jǐn)?shù)方面的差異（如漢語(yǔ)的分母中極少使用小數(shù)點(diǎn)），如果英語(yǔ)減少的倍數(shù)中有小數(shù)點(diǎn)時(shí)，則應(yīng)換算成分?jǐn)?shù)。根據(jù)表數(shù)點(diǎn)），如

36、果英語(yǔ)減少的倍數(shù)中有小數(shù)點(diǎn)時(shí)，則應(yīng)換算成分?jǐn)?shù)。根據(jù)表達(dá)習(xí)慣英語(yǔ)中的達(dá)習(xí)慣英語(yǔ)中的2.5times2.5times，漢語(yǔ)一般不說(shuō)，漢語(yǔ)一般不說(shuō)“二點(diǎn)五分之一二點(diǎn)五分之一”，這時(shí)應(yīng)換，這時(shí)應(yīng)換算成整數(shù)分母，即算成整數(shù)分母，即“降低到五分之二降低到五分之二”或或“降低了五分之三降低了五分之三”。9. “decrease (reduce/fall/lower,等）+ (by) n times (n-fold)” “decrease (reduce/fall/lower,等）+ n times as + a. (ad.) + as” “decrease (reduce/fall/lower,等）+ by

37、 a factor of n There is a n-fold decrease/reduction“減少到減少到n n分之分之1 1” 或或“減加少了減加少了n n分之（分之（n n1 1）”By using a new process the prime cost of the television set was reduced by 3.4 times.采用一種新工藝使這種電視的主要成本降低了采用一種新工藝使這種電視的主要成本降低了71%71%。算成整數(shù)分母，即算成整數(shù)分母，即“降低到降低到5/175/17”或或“降低了降低了12/1712/17”，但這，但這樣仍不符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。在不

38、要求絕對(duì)精確的情況下，可進(jìn)一步樣仍不符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。在不要求絕對(duì)精確的情況下，可進(jìn)一步換算成百分?jǐn)?shù)，即換算成百分?jǐn)?shù)，即“降低到降低到29%29%”或或“降低了降低了71%71%”。In this region the grain output is now five timesfive-fold that twenty years ago本地區(qū)現(xiàn)在的糧食產(chǎn)量是二十年前的五倍。本地區(qū)現(xiàn)在本地區(qū)現(xiàn)在的糧食產(chǎn)量是二十年前的五倍。本地區(qū)現(xiàn)在的糧食產(chǎn)量比二十年前增長(zhǎng)了四倍。的糧食產(chǎn)量比二十年前增長(zhǎng)了四倍。Johnson finished the 200-meter dash in 22 seconds f

39、lat.約翰遜跑完約翰遜跑完200200米正好用了米正好用了2222秒。秒。The company spent a solid year on the acquisition of its rival.該公司花了整整一年時(shí)間來(lái)收購(gòu)其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。該公司花了整整一年時(shí)間來(lái)收購(gòu)其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。This equipment will reduce the error probability by a factor of 5這種設(shè)備使誤差概率降低到原來(lái)的這種設(shè)備使誤差概率降低到原來(lái)的1/5。 The weight of the bicycle has decreased 3 times.這種自行車的重量減少了這種自行車的重量減少了2/32/3。The speed exceeded the average speed by a factor of 2.5.該速度超過(guò)平均速度該速度超過(guò)平均速度1