名師輔導(dǎo)考研翻譯沖刺必背單詞

1、名師輔導(dǎo)：考研翻譯沖刺必背單詞1.前面幾年的單詞很多，因為我把相關(guān)的單詞全部串在一起了，所以后面幾年越來越少。其實，這也能說明，考研翻譯，熟記真題單詞，是足以應(yīng)付明年的考試的，至少可以應(yīng)付大多數(shù)單詞，尤其是對于基礎(chǔ)比較薄弱的同學(xué)來說。2.可能有個別單詞真題里面沒有，但是我還是加上去了，憑經(jīng)驗，可能會出現(xiàn)，所以，請記住。3.這些單詞，該記到什么程度？請你的一個朋友，把其中任何一個單詞，寫到別的地方(而不是你一直用來記憶的那張紙)，你也能認識，至少知道其中一個意思，你就勝利了。4.我確認，每一個單詞，都是我在鍵盤上敲出來的。用心是良苦的，心是真誠的，水平也是有限的，所以，套用一句劉墉的話：靠自己去

2、成功！08年46) believe, assert, claim, argue, assume, maintain, contend, point out, be convinced that, accept, prove, demonstrate, validate, state, scribe, tell, show, consider, opine, difficulty, difficult, compensate, compensate for, advantage, advantageous, advance, force, strength, power, thus, there

3、fore, hence, enable, detect, detector, error, mistake, false, flaw, shortcoming, reason, reasoned, reasoning, reasonable, observe, observation, observer;47) follow, pure, purely, abstract, concrete, limit, confine, certain;48) as well, as well as, found, charge, change, critics, criticize, critical,

4、 criticism, while;49) add, addition, in addition, additional, tradition, traditional, humble, humbly, perhaps, possible, possibly, probable, probably, superior, superior to, super, inferior, inferior to, common, ordinary, banal, notice, attention, escape, carefully, careful, care, take care of;50) l

5、oss, lose (lost), at a loss, take a loss, injurious, injure, injury, intellect, intellectual, intelligence, wisdom, moral, virtue, virtually, virtual, character, characterize, characteristic;07年46) legal, law, preserve, conserve, institution, constitution, view, viewas, regardas, takeas, seeas, spec

6、ial, specialize, specific, especial, especially; peculiar, peculiar to, particular, particularly, rather than, necessary, essential, essence, critical, significant, significance, equipment, equip, facility;47) link, connect, connection, on the other, on the other hand, on the one hand, concept, noti

7、on, real, reality, in a way, in a manner, in a form, parallel, parallel to, journal, journalist, base, basic, basis, comment, comment on, cover;48) idea, profound, profoundly, far-reaching, citizen, rest on/upon, rely on, depend on/upon, responsible, responsibility, be held responsible for, response

8、, media, news media, news agency, establish, established, establishment, convention;49) grasp, have a grasp of, command, have a good command of, feature, competent, competition, competitive, compete, 50) reaction, react, action, in action, interaction, enhance, promotion, promote, preferable, prefer

9、, infer, confer, favor, flavor, favorite, judge, judgment, make judgments of;06年46) define, definition, defineas, select, elect, individual, active, activity, primary, duty, thinking, thought;47) analogous, analogous to, analyze, analysis, function, obligation, be obliged to do sth., be obliged to s

10、b., obligate, be obligated to do sth., clear, course, cause, lead to, reveal, decision, decisive, decide;48) exclude, exclusive, include, conclude, conclusion, contribute, contribution, contribute to, make contribution to, distribute, distribution, accomplishment, accomplish, complete, solution, sol

11、ve, resolve, be charged with, approach, aspect, inspect, expect, respect, expect, task;49) code, rule, dedicate, dedicate to, govern, government, energy, conduct, conduction, production, produce, explore, exploration; more than, less than, no more than, no less than, more than +數(shù)字, more than +名詞/動詞,

12、 more than +形容詞/副詞, no more than=no any more than;50) independent, independence, interdependence, reflect, reflection, make reflection on, earn, involve, salary;05年46) television, means, feeling, convey, connect, nation, create, invent, event, recent;47) multi-media, increase, increasingly, bring, p

13、ublish, in relation to, relation, relate, related to, concern, concerning;48) alone, only, survive, underline, undergo, undertake, undermine, state, statistics, loss, take a loss, at a loss,49) identify, identity, respect, expect, aspect, represent, present, presentation, fabricate, fabric, continen

14、t, task, demand, choose, choice, strategic, policy;50) deal with, deal, challenge, scale, onscale, exaggeration, it is no exaggeration to say, unite, unity, divide;04年61) structure, instruction, instrument, construction, process, procedure, schedule, real, reality, realize, diversity, diverse, philo

15、sophy, philosopher;62) grateful, gratitude, different from, vanish, abolish, assimilate, similar, native, local;63) describe, description, strike, striking, remark, remarkable, accuse, accuseof, data, date;64) interested in, relationship, relative, relatively, determine, habit, habitual, though;65)

16、come to, believe in, a sort of, linguistics, physics, psychology, aesthetics, art, fine art, archaeology, anthropology, economy, psychiatry, law, media, cross-culture, mathematics, math, physician, chemistry, humanity, form, formula, formulate, grammar, pattern, produce, consequence, consequently;03

17、年61) furthermore, further, ability, able, enable, inability, modify, change, charge, exchange, environment, deteriorate, subject, reject, refuse, fancy;62) branch, inquire, acquire, require, endeavor, order, disorder, system, passion, seek, scientific, science, phenomenon;63) combine, integrate, int

18、egration, perspective, unique, distinct, distinctly;64) complex, complicated, sophisticated, include, conclude, exclude, conclusion, custom, consume, consumer. Simple, simplicity, implicit, explicit;65) makepossible, research; 02年61) almost, behavior, trait, trace;62) explain, explanation, explanato

19、ry, item, hard, remain, obscure;63) evolution, revolution, innovation, invention, invest, investigation, recognize;64) possess, possession, govern, government, theory, essential, credit, achieve, achievement, conduct, conduction;65) until, till, issue, 01年71) chat, host, hold, pollution, containment

20、;72) personality, personnel, personal, relax, relaxation, recreation, digital;73) breakthrough, break out, breakout, out-break, outset, take place, discover;74) ultimate, terminate, termination, century, millennium, decade, thousands of, hundreds of, for the better part of decade, half, quarter, tri

21、ple, double;75) home, demotic, exotic, apply, apply to, application, appliance, control, operate, operation, cooperation, corporation, company;2000年71) condition, situation, circumstance, situate, vary, varying, various, variety, variety of, expert;72) obvious, ambiguous, be bound up with, bind, eff

22、icient, efficiency, industry, agriculture, horticulture, in turn, effort, all kinds;73) owing to, remarkable, mass, communication, community, expose, be exposed to, introduce, for the reason given above;74) pattern, spread, or so;75) stress, migrate, migration, arise from, arise, rise, give rise to,

23、 raise, 1999年71) while, almost, historian, history, practice, conform, conform to, inform, uniform, attempt;72) valid, validate, validity, discipline, code, rule, intern, extern, quarrel, among;73) transfer, transparent, augment, argument, design, interpret, interpretation, evidence, evident;74) agr

24、eement, refer to, in general, generally, generally speaking, largely, appropriate, inappropriate;75) equal, equally, equate, equatewith, source, resource, activity, animate, animation;1998年71) look into, exist, exit, existence, resident, residence, citizen;72) giant, enormous, virtually, virtual, vi

25、rtue, put forward, propose, dominant;73) report, finding;74) triumph;75) odd, sound, inflation, inflate, plausible, elementary, primary;1997年71) actually, in fact, account, accountant;72) contract, entitle, title, entitlement;73) discuss, discussion, consider, consideration, eitheror, neithernor, wh

26、etheror, extend, extend to, treat;74) relevant, extreme, choose, choice;75) encourage, instinct;1996年71) cause, complete, result, result from, result in, to some extent, accelerate;72) trend, detail, in detail;73) support, an amount of, goal, immediate;74) elegant, elegance, in principle, principal,

27、 fascinate, delight;75) standard, criterion;1995年71) target, attack, in doing sth., divert, diversion, competent, incompetent, competition, competitive;72) predict, prediction, reliable, skill;73) experiment, experience, avail, available, comparative, compare, contrast;74) quality, precise;75) favor

28、able, favor; youngster, tell; 1994年71) not so muchas, asas, not soas, through, insight, welfare, health, worth, genius, improve, tool;72) contend, as we call it, number, numerable, innumerable, expand, a series of, direction, direct;73) ignore, careless, fundamental;74) revolve;75) finance, financia

29、l, vice versa, etc, et al. 1999年Text 5(2009-03-17 01:10:05) Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples

30、had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didnt they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the ear

31、th and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.在實踐中，科學(xué)的進步依賴于做實驗，但更依賴于實驗的觀察者有所準(zhǔn)備的頭腦。艾薩克牛頓爵士通過蘋果落地發(fā)現(xiàn)了萬有引力。多少個世紀(jì)以來，蘋果一直在許多地方落到地面，也有成千上萬的人看到過蘋果落地。但多年來牛頓一直對月球和行星繞軌道運行的起因好奇不已。是什么力量使它們處于現(xiàn)在的位置呢？它們?yōu)槭裁床粡奶焐系粝聛砟?？蘋果向

32、下落到地面不是向上飛到樹上，這一事實回答了他長期以來一直對天空中更龐大的物體月球和行星所存有的疑問。 How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree? Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredictability is part of the

33、essential nature of research. If you dont have unpredictable things, you dont have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.多少人會考慮過蘋果向上飛到樹上的可能性呢？牛頓考慮過，因為他不想對任何事情進行預(yù)測。他只是懷有好奇心。他的頭腦在隨時準(zhǔn)備思考不可預(yù)

34、測的事。不可預(yù)測性是科學(xué)研究不可或缺的一個重要特征。如果沒有不可預(yù)測現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生，就無所謂科學(xué)研究了。科學(xué)家們在為科學(xué)雜志撰寫千篇一律的報告時常常忘記這一點，而歷史上這樣的例子卻比比皆是。In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the “scientific method” a substitute for imaginative thought. Ive attended research conferences where

35、a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said “the data are still inconclusive.” “We know that,” the men from the budget office have said, “but what do you think? Is it worthwhile going o

36、n? What do you think we might expect?” The scientist has been shocked at having even been asked to speculate.在和一些科學(xué)家，特別是青年科學(xué)家交談時，你可能會產(chǎn)生這樣一種印象：他們認為用所謂的“科學(xué)方法”可以代替創(chuàng)造性思維。我出席過一些科研會議，會上有人問一位科學(xué)家繼續(xù)某項實驗是否是明智之舉。那位科學(xué)家皺了皺眉，又看了看圖表，然后說：“數(shù)據(jù)還是不夠充分?！鳖A(yù)算部門的人說：“這點我們知道，但你的意見如何？你覺得值得做下去嗎？你覺得我們可以期待什么呢？”這位科學(xué)家感到很震驚，他沒有想到人們會

37、讓他做出預(yù)測。 What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings. He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are pl

38、anned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly

39、 where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would a

40、ppear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”當(dāng)然，這幾乎等于說：那位科學(xué)家成了他自己論文的受害者。他所提出的種種論斷是如此不容置疑、如此一致，以至于不僅他自己相信了自己的結(jié)論，而且也說服了工商界的管理者相信其正確性。假如實驗完全按照科學(xué)雜志登載的科學(xué)報告所陳述的那樣按事先的計劃去規(guī)劃和實施，那

41、么，管理層期待研究能夠產(chǎn)生可以用金錢衡量的結(jié)果是符合邏輯的。審計人員也完全有理由相信，確切知道自己的目標(biāo)并知道如何實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的科學(xué)家們根本沒必要用一只眼盯著現(xiàn)金計數(shù)器的同時，還要用另一只眼睛盯著顯微鏡。如果像他們的論文所反映的那樣，科學(xué)家也想看到規(guī)律性和與某種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式的一致性，那么如果管理人員歧視研究人員中的“標(biāo)新立異者”，而贊賞“善于合作”墨守成規(guī)的人，那也是無可指摘的。 1999年Text 2(2009-03-17 00:58:06)In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revo

42、lved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product theyre looking for.

43、在網(wǎng)上交易剛開始的一兩年中，大部分業(yè)務(wù)活動都是圍繞著努力開發(fā)消費者市場來進行的。最近，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)證明其不只是一種時尚之后，許多公司之間才開始在網(wǎng)上交易產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。這類公司之間的交易是行得通的，因為商人通常都知道他們需要什么樣的產(chǎn)品。 Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. “Businesses need to feethey can trust the pathway between them and the supplier,”

44、 says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet.但是，許多公司由于懷疑網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可靠性，因此仍然對網(wǎng)絡(luò)的使用猶豫不決。Forrester研究所的資深分析家布蘭歐文說，“交易的商家們需要認識到他們可以信賴銷售商和

45、供應(yīng)商之間的這種途徑?！庇行┕緸榱私档惋L(fēng)險，只與那些已經(jīng)熟識的固定貿(mào)易伙伴進行在線貿(mào)易，并給予這些伙伴進入本公司局域網(wǎng)的權(quán)利。 Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “pull” customers into sites. In the past year, how

46、ever, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “push” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisemen

47、ts to subscribers computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a companys Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings,

48、or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and

49、television fades. Thats a prospect that horrifies Net purists.網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)模式的另一個重大變化體現(xiàn)在營銷策略上。就在不久前，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的營銷活動還集中在如何將用戶“拉進”網(wǎng)站的策略問題上。然而，去年軟件公司開發(fā)出新的技術(shù)，公司通過使用這項技術(shù)可以將信息直接“推出”給消費者，即直接把營銷信息傳送給特定的用戶。最突出的例子是Pointcast網(wǎng)絡(luò)，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用一種屏幕保護系統(tǒng)，將大量最新的信息和廣告源源不斷地傳送到用戶的計算機顯示屏上。用戶可以定制自己想要的信息，然后直接進入某個公司的網(wǎng)址。像“虛擬葡萄園”這樣的公司業(yè)已開始采用類似的技術(shù)將有關(guān)

50、特價商品、產(chǎn)品推銷或其他活動的信息“推”向用戶。但這種“推”銷技術(shù)遭到許多網(wǎng)上用戶的蔑視。網(wǎng)上文化推崇這樣一個概念，即流動到屏幕上的信息應(yīng)是在接到明確的請求之后才能出現(xiàn)的。一旦商業(yè)促銷不請自來地充斥電腦屏幕，那么網(wǎng)絡(luò)和電視就沒多大差別了。這種前景讓網(wǎng)絡(luò)凈化者感到憂慮。 But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, A, and other pion

51、eers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5

52、 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.然而，網(wǎng)上公司并不是非得依靠“推銷”策略才能掙錢。像“虛擬葡萄園”和亞馬遜網(wǎng)站及其他開拓者的例子都表明：只要網(wǎng)站銷售的產(chǎn)品對路，同時又能將交互性、熱情服務(wù)、安全可靠性等幾個方面合理結(jié)合，就一定會吸引網(wǎng)上的客戶。隨著計算能力的成本持續(xù)大幅度下降，這對任何建立了網(wǎng)上銷售的企業(yè)來說都是個好的征兆。再過5到10年，當(dāng)人們回顧今天的歷史時，他們很可能會感到奇怪：為什么嘗試網(wǎng)上銷售的公司會如此之少呢？1999年Text 3 

53、更新于6月4日(2009-03-17 01:03:16) An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this

54、 distinction - indeed, contradiction - which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.對于計算機課堂教學(xué)，人們在觀點上存在著一條無形的界限：一種觀點是以學(xué)生的就業(yè)前景為理由，另一種是以激進的教育改革為理由、希望借此從根本上改革教育制度。很少有人就這一區(qū)別更確切地說是矛盾撰文進行探討，但它卻是促使計算機進入課堂運動出現(xiàn)問題的關(guān)鍵所在。 An education that aims at getting a st

55、udent a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyones job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain con

56、ception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was wi

57、dely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays the

58、ir otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-ed advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.旨在使學(xué)生勝任某種工作的教育是職業(yè)教育，設(shè)立這種教育的目的與法律所規(guī)定的普及教育之間有全然不同。法律要求所有兒童在十幾歲必須

59、接受教育的目的并非單純地要加強他們的就業(yè)能力。相反，我們對美國公民有一種既定的觀念，即如果一個美國人不能準(zhǔn)確判斷外在因素對自身生活和幸福的影響，那么他是不完整的。但是情況并不總是如此；在法律要求所有兒童必須上學(xué)至一定年齡之前，人們普遍認為有些兒童天生就不適合接受這種教育。隨著工業(yè)化給國家?guī)淼臉酚^主義精神，人們已經(jīng)接受了人人都適合受教育的觀念。而倡導(dǎo)計算機教育的人們就拋棄了這一樂觀理念，取而代之的是與他們樂觀外表相悖的悲觀論調(diào)。一方面主張位普及教育而設(shè)立計算機課堂教學(xué)，另一方面則主張位了就業(yè)的目的，由于計算機教育的倡導(dǎo)者們混淆了以上兩種目的，因此他們往往只強調(diào)計算機對于就業(yè)前景的影響、而忽視了其教育