定語從句 (2)

1、 初四定語從句復習小結定語從句也是復合句的一種，修飾主句中的某個名詞或代詞。一、定義1.定義：在復合句中，修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞的句子（從句）叫定語從句。定語從句所修飾的詞（名詞或代詞）叫先行詞。2.關系詞：1）引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。 2）關系詞的種類：a.關系代詞：that, which, who（賓格whom, 所有格whose）.b.關系副詞：when,where,why.c.位置和作用：定語從句作定語，放在先行詞的后面。既關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）放在先行詞和定語從句之間。起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的一個成分。（下列的例子中，方框代表先行詞，涂黑代表關系詞，劃線部分代表定語

2、從句）如：The girl who is standing on the stage is my sister. 正站在臺上的那個女孩是我的妹妹。（關系代詞who在句中作主語，可省略）I cant find the book (that) I bought yesterday. 我找不到我昨天買的那本書。（關系代詞that在句中作賓語，可省略）Madam Curie was a great scientist whose name is known all over the world. 居里夫人是一位全世界聞名的偉大科學家。（關系詞whose引導定語從句，其在從句中作名詞name的定語）二、

3、用法：（一）關系代詞的用法：1.that: that指物，有時指人。 在從句中做主語或賓語。作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。2.which: which指物，不指人。 在從句中做主語或賓語。作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。如：His father works in a factory which makes TV set.(作主語， 指物)The books (thatwhich) they bought were written by me.(作賓語，可省略)The coat（thatwhich）I put on the desk is black.(作賓語，可省略)*注意*：1.which 與

4、that 指物可互相代替，但that比which更常見， 尤其在口語中。但要注意that可用來指人，而which則不能指人。2只能用that，不能用which引導的定語從句：（以下幾條中考的考點不多，但對閱讀理解/完型填空題型有助有益）1）定語從句所修飾的詞，同時又被形容詞最高級修飾時，定語從句的關系詞只能用that引導：如：This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.2) 定語從句所修飾的詞，同時又被序數詞修飾時，定語從句的關系詞只能用that引導：eg: The children like the second l

5、esson that is about “The Foodball March”.3）定語從句所修飾的詞，同時又被 the only , the very 或the same 修飾時，定語從句只能用that引導：eg:1）.It is the only word (that) I know in the passage. 2) This is the same bicycle (that) I lost.4) 定語從句修飾的詞，同時又被不定代詞修飾時，定語從句只能用that引導。如： all, any, no, every, little, many 或much 等。eg: Here is a

6、ll the money (that) I have.5). 定語從句修飾詞為everything,something,anything,nothing,all, none,much,little,few等不定代詞時，定語從句的關系詞只能用that引導。但something前有the時，定語從句由which引導。如：Here is something (that) I will tell you. I want everything (that) I want.6) 定語從句修飾的詞中同時含有“人”和“物”的名詞時，定語從句的關系詞只能用that引導： 如：I can remember wel

7、l the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room .7).定語從句修飾的詞為one, ones時，定語從句的關系詞用that引導： 如：Is it the one (that) you want? 8) 當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which來提問時， 為了避免重復，用that引導定語從句：如：Who is the girl that won the first place?3. who: who指人（that除指人外也指物）在從句中作主語或賓語。作賓語可省略，作主語不能省略。如：The girl who often helps

8、me with my English is from England.(作主語，不可省略) The teacher who spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. (作主語，不可省略) The boy (whothat) I like isnt here now. (作賓語，可省略)*注意*who或that指人時可互相代替，但下列情況下只能用who，不能用that引導的定語從句：1） 先行詞是one , ones , anyone時，定語從句只能用who引導2） 先行詞為those時，定語從句只能用who引導。

9、3） There be 句型開頭。*另注*whom指人，是who的賓格形式，在句中只作賓語，其前沒有介詞時，也可用who替換使用，也可省略。如：Who is the teacher (that/who/whom) Yanzhen is talking to? (作賓語，可省略) Who is the teacher to whom Yanzhen is talking? (作賓語，介詞to提到whom前，whom在此處不可省略)4.whose: whose指人也可指物，在定語從句中作定語，不可省略。eg: The building whose windows face to the south

10、 is our school. (作定語，不可省略)（二）關系副詞：1.when (時間) 2. where（地點）3. why (原因) （關系副詞用法較簡單-略）定語從句基礎部分小結、基本結構：(一) 定語從句作主句中賓語/表語的定語：1. 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語（n/pron）+······+ 關系詞+主語+謂語（系動詞）+······.2. 主語 + 系動詞 + 表語 (n/pron) +······ +

11、關系詞+主語+謂語（系動詞）+······. 主句 + 定語從句 (二) 定語從句作主句中主語的定語： 主語 + 關系詞+主語+謂語/系動詞······ + 謂語/系動詞+······. 主語 + 定語從句+謂語/系動詞······ + 謂語/系動詞······. 二、關系詞：（一）關系代詞： 1.

12、 that：that- 1）人 2）物 -1）主語 2）賓語（略） 2. who: who - 人 -1）主語 2）賓語3.whom: whom - 人 - 賓語：1）who/whom 都可2）但作介詞的賓語，就是介詞后必用 whom4.which: which -物- 1）主語 2）賓語5.whose: whose -1) 人 2）物 -定語 + n (二) 關系副詞：1. when: when -時間 -（時間）定語從句2. where: where - 地點- （地點）定語從句3. why: why - 原因 -（原因）定語從句（較少用）鞏固練習 I 用適當的關系詞填空 1. The m

13、an _ I saw in the street yesterday is Toms father.2. The students _ dont work hard will pass the exam.3. Is there anything _ you want to say now?4. This is the only book _ I wangt read for my child .5. The first present _ my parents gave me was a model plane.6. The bridge _ is being built will be th

14、e most beautiful in the city.7. I dont want to work with a man _ hair is so long.8. These are the trees _ were planted last year.9. The car _ he is using is made in China.10. Is this the musician _ you like best?II 單項選擇：( )1.The girl _ could sing well went to Europe. A. who B, whose C, whom D, which

15、( )2.We prefer music which _ great lyrics. A, have B, has C, had D, is( )3. She lves in a house _ windows face south . A, that B, who C, which D, whose( )4. Who is the man _ talked with you just now? A, who B, that C, whom D, whose( )5. Look at the boy and his dog _ are coming this way. A. who B. wh

16、ich C. that D. whom( )6. This is the biggest ship _ Ive ever seen. A. who B. whom C. That D. whose ( )7. Look at the girl _ name is Susan. A. who B. whose C. whom D. That( )8. That was all the money _ I had. A. which B. that C. whom D. whose( )9. This is the man _ last night. A. whom I saw him B. whom I saw C. which I saw D. who I saw him( )10. They talked about things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. who B. which C. that D. whatIII 將下列句子組成一個帶有定語從句的復合句：1. The boy is To