人教版英語必修一第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

1、人教版英語必修一第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)修改貼切版詞匯部分部短語歸納對(duì)寫作有幫助的短語詞語辨析1. add up/add up to 2.power(人或國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)的能力權(quán)利)/energy（物理學(xué)上的）/force（自然界法律道德感情或軍事力量）/strength（固有的潛力，著重指人的）3,have got to直接加notHave直接提前和have to借助助動(dòng)詞do，句中有頻度副詞時(shí)候只能用have to詞形變化1. ignore vt. 忽視ignorance n. 無知ignorant adj.無知的2. dusk n. 黃昏; 傍晚dusky adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的 3. add

2、 v.  添加; 增加addition  n.  加, 附加additional adj.  添加的;附加的重點(diǎn)單詞1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的，不安的；不適的 vt. (upset, upset) 2. concern v. 擔(dān)憂; 涉和; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)注；（利害）關(guān)系3. settle vt. 安家； 定居；停留vt. 使定居，安家；解決4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷 5. disagree vt. 不同意重點(diǎn)詞組1. add up合計(jì) 2. go through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受 3. 

3、; on purpose 故意4. get along with 及某人相處；(工作的) 進(jìn)展 5.  in order to 為了重點(diǎn)句子1. Mother asked her if / whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. 2. I dont set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do 3. it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.重點(diǎn)

4、語法直接引語和間接引語 拓展練習(xí)自測(cè)語言要點(diǎn)(模塊)一、短語歸納1. 做個(gè)好朋友 to be a good friend 2. 做下列調(diào)查 make the following survey 3. 合計(jì)總分 add up the score4. 得分 get points 5. 心煩意亂地來到學(xué)校 come to school upset 6. 不理睬鈴聲 ignore the bell7. 使你那個(gè)德國(guó)朋友平靜下來 calm down your German friend8. 關(guān)心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s) 9. 松開了 get loose10

5、. 不得不去戶外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors11. 幫他期末考試作弊 help him cheat in the end-of-term exam12. 列出理由make a list of reasons / list the reasons 13. 記下一連串的請(qǐng)求 set down a series of requests14. 根據(jù)問卷調(diào)查 according to the questionnaire 15. 根據(jù)編輯的忠告 according to the editors advice16. 為了分擔(dān)你的困難 in order to sha

6、re your difficulties / troubles 17. 及老板相愛 fall in love with the boss18. 及我的同桌相處融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate 19. 關(guān)心青少年 be concerned about teenagers20. 為了和老板面對(duì)面地交流 in order to communicate with the boss face to face21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government 22. 經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) go through too many w

7、ars23. 相鄰的城鎮(zhèn) neighboring towns 24. 相鄰的國(guó)家 neighboring countries二、.詞語辨析1. cheat / fool【解釋】 cheat 主要指盈利的買賣中或游戲競(jìng)賽中欺騙人，騙取人的錢等。fool “愚弄”，指利用人缺乏常識(shí)，心理脆弱來欺騙人?！揪毩?xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 答案:1). cheated2). fool1). You may get _ in that shop. 2). He cant _ her. She sees through him every time.2. calm / quiet / silent

8、 / still【解釋】calm 天氣、水、水面（表風(fēng)平浪靜）；（指人時(shí)）表示鎮(zhèn)定自如。quiet 表“寧靜”、“安靜”、“寂靜”，側(cè)重沒有響聲，沒有噪音和沒有動(dòng)靜。指人時(shí)側(cè)重性格溫和，文靜。silent 表“沉默”、“不發(fā)言”、“不說話”，常常表示人不愛說話，沉默無語。still “不動(dòng)的”，指人時(shí)側(cè)重一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，；指物時(shí)指完全沒有聲音，突出靜止不動(dòng)【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1). Please stand _ while I take your photo. 2). Why do you keep _? 3). Everything was _.4). He remained

9、 _ in the face of the enemy. 答案: 1). still2). silent3). quiet4). calm三.詞性變化 （旨在提供語法填空所需材料）1. ignore vt. 忽視ignorance n. 無知ignorant adj.無知的2. dusk n. 黃昏; 傍晚dusky. adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的  3. add v.  添加; 增加addition  n.  加, 附加additional adj.  添加的;附加的4.dusty adj. 積滿灰塵的 dust n. 灰塵四.重點(diǎn)詞匯 1.su

10、rvey n. 調(diào)查，勘察，檢測(cè)The reporter made a survey of river pollution.短語make a survey of做調(diào)查。典例CCTV_ _public opinion about the poisonous milk powder.A. make a list of B .make a record of C. make a survey of D .make fun of 問：其他三個(gè)詞組是什么意思呢？2. upset adj. 心煩意亂的，不安的；不適的 vt. ( upset, upset)典例 1).James was upset bec

11、ause he had lost his ticket.詹姆斯很煩躁因?yàn)樗哑迸獊G了。2). I was very upset because one of my friends was rude to me.我很心煩，因?yàn)槲业囊粋€(gè)朋友對(duì)我很無理。3). His cheating in the exam upset his teacher.他在考試中作弊，這使他老師很生氣。4). The students really upset her. 學(xué)生們著實(shí)讓她煩惱。注意：upset做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，主語必須是令人不安的因素。The bad news upset him.重點(diǎn)用法 1.be upset

12、about/over/at 對(duì)感到心煩意亂 upset sth打亂（計(jì)劃/安排）練習(xí)The hurricane came unexpectedly , witch _our plane.A. damaged B. upset C. harmed D. gave up3.ignore v. 不理睬；忽視She saw him coming but she ignored him.拓展ignorant adj.無知的，粗魯?shù)?，無理的；ignorance n. 無知，愚昧，不知道典例用ignorance ignorant ignore填空。1,他們一直蒙在鼓里，不知道他落了難。They remain

13、ed_ of his cruel fate.2.對(duì)于他的孤陋寡聞，我著實(shí)吃了一驚。I was surprised at his _.3小孩不乖時(shí)，別去理他，不久他就會(huì)不鬧了。_the child if he misbehaves, and he will soon stop.KEY：ignorant ignorance Ignore4.calm v. 使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)定 adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)定的；沉著的Jim tried to calm the frightened children .You should keep calm even in the face of danger.拓展：calm d

14、own 使平靜下來，安靜下來When she heard the news, she was so excited that nothing could calm her down.The crying children soon calmed down.Calm down, sir. What is the trouble?5. concern v. 擔(dān)憂; 涉和; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)注；（利害）關(guān)系典例 1). The news concerns your brother. 這消息及你兄弟有關(guān)。2). The boy's poor health concerned his pa

15、rents. 那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。3). That's no concern of mine. 那不關(guān)我的事。重點(diǎn)用法 as / so far as be concerned 關(guān)于；至于；就而言As far as English is concerned, he is the first in the class.就英語而言，他是全班第一的。be concerned about/for 關(guān)心 be concerned with及有關(guān) We are all concerned about/for her safety.This text is concerned wit

16、h basketball stars.練習(xí) 用concern的適當(dāng)形式填空1). There is an article that _ the rise of the prices. 2). The children are rather _ about their mothers health. 3). Officials should _ themselves _ public affairs. 答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern with6. loose adj. 松開的；松的He went to the dentist because

17、he had a loose tooth.Check that the button has not come loose.loose構(gòu)成的短語：come/get loose 松開，松動(dòng)break loose 掙脫 letloose 松開，放開，使自由典例1.She usually wears hear_(松散的)。2. Who has_ _ _ _ (放開了狗)？KEY：loose let the dog loose 7.series n.連續(xù)；系列He has a series of football posters.a series of一系列的，一連串的，一套【注意】a series

18、of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 做主語的時(shí)候，謂語動(dòng)詞需要用單數(shù)形式。 8.outdoors adv. 在戶外；在野外The rain prevented them from eating outdoors.拓展：當(dāng)outdoors做名詞的時(shí)候意為：野外，郊外的時(shí)候通常和the連用The outdoors 戶外野外。 outdoor 做形容詞意為ie：戶外的，室外的I am not really the outdoor type.9. dusk n. 黃昏；傍晚You must return to your house before dusk.at dusk 在黃昏，在傍晚 The street l

19、ights go on at dusk.10. entirely adv. 完全的，全然的，整個(gè)的I entirely agree with you.拓展：entire adj.整個(gè)的，完全的 She wasted the entire day on it.練習(xí) 用entire和entirely填空1. That is an_ different matter.2. The_ village was destroyed.11. dusty adj. 積滿灰塵的The room was dusty.In summer the town becomes very dusty.拓展：dust n.

20、灰塵 A cloud of dust rose as the truck drove off.12. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安家；解決典例 1). He settled his child in a corner of the city 他把孩子安頓在城市的一個(gè)角落里。2). The family has settled in Canada. 這家人已定居加拿大。 重點(diǎn)用法 settle down 鎮(zhèn)定下來 settle in 在定居練習(xí) 中譯英1). 題目這么難，誰能解決？答案: 1).Since it is so difficult, who can se

21、ttle this problem?13. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷典例 1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常頭痛嗎? 2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遺忘癥。重點(diǎn)用法 suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛 不適 悲傷等; 受苦; 吃苦頭:練習(xí) 中譯英 1).我們?cè)谀菆?chǎng)事故中損失很多金錢。2).他的腳痛得不得了。答案: 1). We suffered much money in that accident. 2). He suffers ter

22、ribly with his feet.14. disagree vt. 不同意典例 1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有時(shí)意見不一。2). We disagreed on future plans. 我們對(duì)未來的計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生了分歧。重點(diǎn)用法 disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的觀點(diǎn)某人的話/某人的決定練習(xí) 中譯英1). 中國(guó)的報(bào)道及日本的不符。2). 他不同意讓我早些回家。Key: 1). The reports from China dis

23、agree with those from Japan. 2). He disagreed to let me go home early.五.重點(diǎn)詞組 1. add up 加起來典例 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.把你的得分加起來，看看你能得幾分。2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?湯姆，10，20和5加起來是多少？短語歸納 add () to . （把什么）加入中 add up to 加起來是練習(xí) 用add的適當(dāng)形式或構(gòu)成的詞組填空1). Wi

24、ll you _ some more students to this project? 2). Small numbers _ a large one. 3). 50 _ 50 equals 100. 答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added2.have got to 不得不，必須辨析：相當(dāng)于have to 不得不，必須 但是二者之間有一定的區(qū)別Have got to 的否定形式是直接在have后面加not，疑問句時(shí)候把have提前。而have to 則是要借助助動(dòng)詞do.當(dāng)句中有頻度副詞出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候通常只用have to。Have got to很少用于過去時(shí)，而

25、have to除了可用于過去時(shí)，還可以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞連用。3. go through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受典例 1). The country has gone through too many wars. 這個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。2). I went through the students papers last night.短語歸納go ahead前進(jìn)；請(qǐng)說（做）吧 go by走過,（時(shí)間）過去 go along with向前，（及）一起去go in for愛好，從事 go out外出；（燈，火）熄滅 go over越過；復(fù)習(xí) go up爬上，（價(jià)格等）上升go on with 繼續(xù)；進(jìn)行；

26、暫時(shí)使用練習(xí) 用go 構(gòu)成的詞組填空1). It is wise not to _ with this plan. 2). Prices _ a little now. People are happy. 3). Anyway, dont always_ at night by yourself.4). I am tired. I want to _ now. 答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed 3.on purpose 故意，有目的地典例 The boy broke Jacks window on purpose. H

27、e wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想嚇一下杰克。短語歸納 do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事on purpose 表示故意地、有企圖、有目的地練習(xí)用 purpose的相關(guān)詞匯填空1). He didnt do it _. 2). What was your _ ?答案: 1). on purpose2). purpose4. get along with 及某人相處；(工作的) 進(jìn)展典例1). Its very hard to get along with him 他很難相處。2). How are you getting a

28、long with your work? 工作進(jìn)展如何？· 短語歸納 get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 及相處得好/不好，進(jìn)展順利/不順 get away離開，逃離get down下來；寫下，取下 get back 回來；恢復(fù)；取回；重新上臺(tái)練習(xí) 中譯英 1). 你現(xiàn)在和同事相處得好不好? 2). 她已重新獲得從前那份工作。答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues? 2). She's got her old job back.5.   

29、;    in order to 為了（可置于句首或句中）典例 1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 圖的是得個(gè)好座位。2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建議是為了不讓她傷心。短語歸納 in order that以便（后跟句子）so that以便（后跟句子）so as to為了（只能置于句中，不能置于句首）練習(xí) 中譯英 1  他早早動(dòng)身好按時(shí)到達(dá)。 2  她拼命干以便能到6點(diǎn)時(shí)

30、把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。答案: 1He left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time. 2. In order to get everything ready by 6 o'clock, she worked hard.六.重點(diǎn)句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料）1. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗時(shí)，你不小心把狗松開了，狗被汽車

31、撞了。解釋此句含有一個(gè)省略句While walking the dog，省略了主語you以和are。當(dāng)時(shí)間或者條件狀語從句中的主語和主句主語一致，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，從句可以使用“when/while+doing/done”結(jié)構(gòu)。 While working , she stopped to talk with me at times.工作時(shí)，他有時(shí)候停下來和我說話。注意當(dāng)時(shí)間或條件狀語從句的主語是it時(shí)，也通常將it 和be 省略。If (it is )possible, I will go to see my grandparents this week. 如果可能的話，這周末我將

32、要去看望我的祖父母。2. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無法出門的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切及大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。解釋本句中含有It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+其他成分的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was+that可以對(duì)句子里德主語，賓語，表語狀語等進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語是人，后面的that也可以換為who/whom。It

33、is she who is going to speak at the school meeting.是她要在校會(huì)上發(fā)言。It was in the street that I met my teacher last week.上周，我是在街上遇見了我的老師。注意a,強(qiáng)調(diào)句中謂語動(dòng)詞用is還是was由后面的句子時(shí)態(tài)來確定。 b,除了強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人作主語或賓語的時(shí)候用who/whom，其余一律用that。 c,強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問形式為：Is/Was it that that/who/whom? d,強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問形式為：特殊疑問詞+is/wasit that? e,判斷一個(gè)句子是不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的方法就

34、是把句子中的It is/wasthat/who/whom去掉，看句子結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，完整的話就是，不完整就不是。試判斷： It was at 7 am that Marry got to school. It was 7 am. when Marry got to school.3. Its no pleasure looking through these any longer但觀看這些已不再是樂趣解釋句中it為形式主語，doing為動(dòng)詞ing短語，做真正的主語。It is no use/good/need doing ath. 或者It is not any use/good/need do

35、ing sth。 It is of little use/good/need doing sth.。It is useless doing sth 。均表示做某事沒有必要。4. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.媽媽問她穿那么多衣服是不是很熱。解釋 with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： with + 賓語+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases由“介詞with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作為狀語，表示背景情況，為方式，原因或條

36、件等，另外，該結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作為定語使用。賓補(bǔ)可以是分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞），不定式，介詞短語，形容詞或者副詞。下面簡(jiǎn)述幾種情況：1) 如果在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞表示的動(dòng)作是由前面的名詞或代詞發(fā)出的，構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，該分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。2) 如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作及前面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（被動(dòng)關(guān)系），該分詞用過去分詞形式。3) 賓語補(bǔ)足語也可以使用介詞短語，形容詞或副詞來充當(dāng)，表示賓語所處的狀態(tài)。4）動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)則表示將來的動(dòng)作。典例1.with + 賓語 + 副詞，如： With Mr Li away,we have got more room.2.with + 賓語 + 介詞短語，如： T

37、he man came in , with a book in his hand. 3.with + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞，如： With summer corning , the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.In some part of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.4.with + 賓語 + 過去分詞，如： The thief was brought in, with his hands tied back.With his hair cut, he looks much younger. 5.with + 賓語 + 不定式，如： With so many problem to solve, I have to work hard.With Mr Smith to teach them English next term, they will be greatly improved in spoken English. 練習(xí) 中譯英： 1. 那房子昨晚發(fā)生火災(zāi)，結(jié)果里面的東西都燒光了。2. 下學(xué)期史密斯先生教他們英語，他們的口語會(huì)大有提高。3. 隨著冬天的到來，天氣越來越冷。答案：1. The house caught a big