人教版高中英語選修八Unit3Inventorsandinventions-詞匯篇(教師版)

1、第 5 講 Inventors and inventions 詞7匚篇1 .熟練掌握重點單詞及其用法；2 .能夠熟練運用重點短語和句型。一.重點詞匯1. distinguish vt.& vi.辨別，區(qū)另ij；顯示 的差別；使有所不同常用搭配：distinguish . from .把與.加以區(qū)分distinguish between . and.才巴 與.力口以區(qū)分distinguish oneself 使自 己與眾不同；使自 己揚名distinguish sb. by .憑借辨認某人I can distinguish them at a distance.我在遠處能夠辨認出他們。C

2、an you distinguish between those two objects? 你能區(qū)分那兩個物體嗎？Speech distinguishes man from the animals.說話的能力把人與動物區(qū)別開來。The monitor distinguished himself by his performance in the examination.班長用自己的考試成績使自己出名了。拓展：distinguished adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的常用搭配： be distinguished for因而著名Einstein was distinguished for his

3、originality.愛因斯坦以其獨創(chuàng)性著稱。2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的，就近的（convenient的主語往往是物而不是人）常用搭配：be convenient to sb.對某人來說很方便be convenient for . 離很近，對.來說方便It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便Will 3 o ' clock be convenient for youM中對你來說方便嗎？I ' m afraid this isn ' t a convenient moment 1或想球放時候見你恐怕不

4、大合適。Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我們的房子離商店很近。拓展:convenience n.方便,便利；便利設(shè)施常用搭配：at one ' s convenient某人方便的時候for convenience為了方便起見for the convenience of sb. = for one' 我onvenience起見3. expectation n.預(yù)料，期待，期望注意：expectation表示“期望、期待”，為不可數(shù)名詞；當其意思為“期望的事物，前景”時，常用 復(fù)數(shù)。常用搭配：beyond expectatio

5、n出乎意料（較預(yù)期的大或好）第5頁/共11頁in expectation of預(yù)料，期望，期待against expectations 與預(yù)期相反He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他對考試及格不抱希望。I usually enjoy his films , but the latest one didn ' t come up to my expectations.我向來喜歡看他的影片，但他最近的一部并不符合我的期望。拓展：expect vt.預(yù)料，預(yù)期；期望4. seize vt.抓住，捉住；（軍事）占領(lǐng)；（強烈的感情、愿望

6、等）突然影響或控制（某人）常用搭配：seize sth. from sb.從某人那兒奪去某物seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住時機seize hold of 抓住She seized me by the wrist.她抓住了我的手腕。Panic seized us.我丁原恐萬狀。Maggie seized the letter from her and began to read out loud.瑪吉從她手上把信搶過去，開始大聲朗讀。5. valid adj.有效的，有根據(jù)的；正當?shù)腨our return ticket is valid for three mo

7、nths.你的返程票有效期是三個月。Oversleeping is not a valid excuse for being late for school.睡過頭并不是上學(xué)遲到的正當理由。Please provide a valid screen name.請輸入有效的顯示名。6. bear點撥：bear （bore, borne） vt.忍受，忍耐，負擔；生產(chǎn)（農(nóng)作物等）常用搭配：can' t bear doing /to do受不了做某事（bear doing表示習(xí)慣性動作；bear to do sth.表示 次具體動作）bear in mind 牢記在心I couldn 

8、9; t bear to listen any longerso I left the room.我不忍再聽下去了，就離開了房間。She bore her sorrow without complaint. 她毫無怨言地忍受著悲痛。Will the ice on the lake bear your weight? 湖上的冰能承載你的體重嗎？You must bear in mind that your parents expect you to become a good doctor.你要牢記在心你父母希望你成為一名好醫(yī)生。拓展：表示 忍受”的詞和短語：stand/ tolerate/ p

9、ut up with 忍受，容忍 can ' t have sb. doing sth5能忍受某人做某事7. tap vt.& vi.輕打，輕拍，輕敲n.輕輕地敲擊（聲）；（水）龍頭常用搭配：tap at/on輕敲；輕拍The secretary tapped out a telegraph message with ten seconds.秘書10秒鐘打出一份電報。They won ' t hear when you only tap on the door. Knock harder!第2頁/共11頁你只是輕拍門他們聽不見。使勁敲！8. current點撥：curr

10、ent n.(水或氣)流，電流；趨勢She had to swim against the current.她必須逆著水流往上游。We had better go with the current of the times.我們最好跟上時代的潮流。Newspapers influence the current of t thought.報紙影響人們思維的方向。拓展：current adj.現(xiàn)時的，當今的；流通的，通用的currency n.通貨， 貨幣；通用，流通current English 當代英語current money通用的貨幣This word is no longer in c

11、urrent use. 這個詞現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不用了。The German currency is among the strongest in the world.德國貨幣是世界上最堅挺的貨幣之一。9. associate vt.聯(lián)想， 把聯(lián)想在一起；和來往常用搭配：associate.with與聯(lián)系She associated happiness with having money.她把幸福和有錢聯(lián)想至 U起。Her parents didn ' t like her associating with net friend的父母不喜歡她和網(wǎng)友來往。In our minds the Spri

12、ng Festival is associated with happy family reunions.在我們心中，春節(jié)是和愉快的家庭團聚聯(lián)系在一起的。拓展：associate n.同伴；伙伴He is one of my associates at the store.他是我店里的位同事。10. practical adj.實際的，實踐的， 可行的He is very practical he can make or mend almostganyt他很有實踐經(jīng)驗 會制作或修理幾乎任何東西。We have to be practical and buy only what we can a

13、fford.我們要實際一些，只買我們能買得起的東西。拓展:practice / practise v.練習(xí),實踐practice n.實習(xí)；實踐，練習(xí)We must put our plans into practice.我們必須把計劃付諸于實踐。You need more practice before you can play for our team.你需要更多的練習(xí)才能進入我們隊。You won' t become a good singer if you don' t practice/ practise.你不練習(xí)就成不了好歌手。二.重點短語1. now and th

14、en 時而，偶爾地( =occasionally)Now and then she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep.她時而上樓看看他是不是睡著了。拓展：every now and then 有時，時而，不時2. set out to do sth.開始做某事He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part.他著手粉刷整個房子，但是只完成了前面的部分。拓展：set out for動身去某處set out動身3. set about doing sth.著

15、手，開始做（注意 about是介詞，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞）He set about learning Chinese at age ten （=at the age of ten）.他十歲時開始學(xué)中文。She set about her housework straight after breakfast.吃完早飯后，她直接就開始做家務(wù)了。4. call up給（）打電話（也可用 call sb. up）;使回想起Forgive me so early to call up you please.請原諒我這么早就給您打電話。The sound of happy laughter called

16、 up memories of his childhood.這種愉悅的笑聲喚起了他童年的回憶。拓展：與call有關(guān)的詞組：call on 拜訪（某人）call at 拜訪（某地）call for 要求（=ask for）call off取消call in邀請，召集5. hang on不要掛斷（電話）。點撥：hang on （ =hold on ,表示 堅持某一狀態(tài)”，其中hang掛著，on表示持續(xù)地）1）握住不放He hung on until the rope broke.他一直握住繩子不放，直到繩子斷了。2）堅持Although we are beaten , we must hang o

17、n.雖然我們被打敗了，我們一定要堅持。3）（電話）不掛斷The line is busy; would you like to hang on? 線路正忙，你愿不愿意等一下呀？6. get through （through表示“from beginning to end ,強調(diào)動作的過程，或任務(wù)的困難）1）穿過；通過The passage is too narrow for cars to get through. 這條通道太窄了, 過不去。2）讀完；（使）理解；消化I have a pile of papers to get through before the meeting.會前我有一大

18、堆文件要瀏覽消化呢。3）（用電話）接通某人I rang you several times but wasn' t able to get through.我給你打了幾次電話，但是沒有接通。I got through the novel in one evening. 我一晚上就完成了這本小說。5） 用完， 花光He has got through all the money I lent him. 他已經(jīng)用光了我借給他的所有的錢。（此句中g(shù)ot through =used up 和 ran out of）7. out of order 發(fā)生故障；次序顛倒；秩序混亂The vendor

19、 is out of order （=out of work） again. 這臺自動售貨機又壞了。It was out of order for him to make such a tactless remark.他說出這種粗魯?shù)脑捠遣徽５?。The boy s room waosut of order （=messy）. 這個男孩兒的房間很亂。拓展 : order n. 順序，訂購，命令in order 處于正常狀況，情況良好8. dive into 迅速把手伸進；一心投入，潛入He dived into his pocket and took out a couple of coins

20、.他將手伸入口袋中取出幾枚硬幣。He dived into/ in the history of China. 他潛心研究中國歷史。The boy dived into the river from the bridge. 這個男孩從橋上跳入河中。點撥 : 1） beaten track 踏平的路，一貫走的路2） woods 原指 “樹林 ”，此句中有“險境，困境”的意思。9. ring back/ ring off 回復(fù)電話 ring off (= hang off) 掛斷電話；停止講話Before I answered the telephone， he rang off. 我還沒來得及回

21、答，他就掛斷了。I ' ll ring you back when I get the answe我知道答案時，會給你回電話。拓展 : 打電話時用的其它詞語：ring up/call up 打電話給 .ring round 四處打電話get through 打通電話hang on / hold the line 別掛斷 answer the phone 接電話dial 撥（號）extension （電話）分機. 重點句型( 一 ). Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly ， wh

22、ich freezes when cooled.在碗的內(nèi)壁和外壁之間有些膠狀物，冷卻后會凍結(jié)。點撥 : when cooled 連詞+過去分詞，相當于when 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句：when it is cooled1 .狀語從句的省略（省略 主語+be”）需具備的條件:1 ）從句的謂語動詞中有be；2）主從句的主語一致或從句主語是it。2 . 狀語從句的省略常用于五種從句：1） if, unless, once等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句第 5頁 /共 11頁He won ' t go to the party unless （he is） invited.除非受到邀請，否則他不會去參加晚會。

23、2） as, as if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句Henry looked about as if （he is） looking for someone.亨利環(huán)視四周，仿佛在找人。3） when, while , until/ till等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句When （you are） in trouble , ask her for help.遇到麻煩時，（你）去向她求助。4） although/ though , even if/ even though 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句She studies very hard though （she is） still rather weak.她盡管身體仍

24、非常虛弱，但學(xué)習(xí)十分努力。5） as, than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句We finished the task two days earlier than （it had been） expected.我們比預(yù)料的早兩天完成了任務(wù)。注意：before/ after是介詞，省略形式用： before/ after+動詞-ing形式。He gradually recovered after being treated for a time. 治療了段時間后他漸漸地康復(fù)了。（二）.Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you

25、are truly an inventor.只有你得至 U這種承認，你才可以說是一個真正的發(fā)明家。點撥：“ on網(wǎng)（從句）+助/系/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語.句式only修飾句子的狀語或狀語從句，且位于句首時，主句要部分倒裝。Only then can we regard ourselves as having done our duty.只有那時我們才能認為自己盡到了責任。Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them.只有當我離開父母去了意大利，我才意識到我多么愛他們。但是：only修飾句子的主

26、語時不倒裝。Only the manager can solve the problem. 只有經(jīng)理能解決這個問題。1. （2019 高考）8. I ' ll be out for some time. In case anything important happens （立 即給我打電話）.答案：call me up immediately解析：句意：我要出去一下。萬一有什么重要事，馬上打我電話?？疾?call的相關(guān)短語的用法。2. （2019 浙江高考）Listening is thus an active , not a p , behavior consisting of h

27、earing , understanding and remembering.答案：passive解析：根據(jù)not判斷，應(yīng)填active的反義詞，"被動的"，所以為passive。3. （2019 江西高考 ）Anyway , we' re here now so let ' s some serious work.A. come up with B. get down toC. do away withD. live up to答案：B解析：此句考查短語辨析，A想出B開始認真做C廢除D做到，根據(jù)句意選 Bo4. （2019 山東濰坊高二下）Snakes c

28、ome near the house now and then. We have to finding a第6頁/共11頁solution to driving them away.A. set aboutB. set downC. set outD. set up答案：A解析：句意：我們不得不著手找到方法把它們趕走。A、C開始，著手B寫下，記下D建立；set about后接doing ,所以選 A。5. （20193胡d匕高考 ）I ' ve been trying to phone Charles all evening but there must be something wr

29、ong with the network ; I can ' t seem to .A.get throughB. get offC. get inD. get along答案：A解析：此題考查get的短語辨析，A通過B下車C收貨D進展，相處；根據(jù)句意.我似乎無法接通， 所以選Ao一.根據(jù)句意及所給漢語提示或首字母用單詞的正確形式完成句子。1. People who can ' t d between colors are said to be color-blind.2. An a change in the weather resulted in the breakout

30、of flu.3. We thought Mary would pass and John would fail , but contrary to e it was the other way round.4. Our new boss seemed a d and energetic leader.5. The cheque is not v if it is not signed by the finance director.6. He went into the phone booth as soon as possible and d the number.7. Would it

31、be（方便）for you to pick me up at four o' clock and take me to the airport?8. Television is such a means that it keeps us informed about（當前發(fā)生的 ）events.9. Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a （穩(wěn)定的）environment.10. A（實際的）person does not spend

32、his money and time foolishly.Key: l.distinguish 2.abrupt3.expectations 4.dynamic 5.valid6.dialed7.convenient 8.current9. stable 10.practical鞏固提高二.從下面方框中選出適當?shù)亩陶Z或單詞并用其正確形式填空。call up;set about;in expectation of ； hang on ； out of order ；dive into ; get through ; ring off ; now and then; set out1. You s

33、hould the sea to find apearl.2. I ' m sorrybut I ' ve to now. I have a train to catch.3. I don ' t think of my hometown very mu ch only.4. As the Spring Festival was coming near ,he was quite eager to for his hometown.5. I dialed several times , but I just couldn ' t.6. He was overlo

34、oked when they choosing a new manager.第7頁/共11頁7. at your present job until you can get another.8. My clock was and woke me up at three this morning.9. The smell of the sea happy memories of my youth.10. We waited at the station her arrival.Key: 1.dive into 2.ring off 3.now and then 4.set out5.get th

35、rough6.set about 7.Hang on 8.out of order 9.called up 10.in expectation of 一.單項選擇1. All the characteristics that distinguish birds other animalscanbe traced to prehistorictimes.A. toB.betweenC. forD. from2. She can ' t to be laughed at though she is easyg.A. understandB.bearC. enjoyD. betray3. T

36、he military government hopes to control the of public opinion by controlling broadcasting.A. currentB. fashionC. measureD. flow4. When we plan our vacation , Mother often offers suggestion.A. carefulB. practicalC. effectiveD. acceptable5. I ' d better now. The water is boiling in the kitchen.Goo

37、d-bye.A. ring backB. ring upC. hold onD. ring off6. I should to those old photographs- they must be valuable.A. hang offB. hang upC. hang outD. hang on7. He tried his best, but he couldn ' t the college entrance exams last year.A. get throughB. get overC. get upD. get away8. When about the secre

38、t of his success , Spielberg said that he owed much of his success andhappiness to his wife and children.來源:1ZXXKA. askedB. being askedC. was asked D. asking9. His aunt ' s letters those beautiful days when they used to live together in his hometown.A. call him onB. call him forC. call him up10.

39、 We have to finding a solution.A. set aboutB. set downC. set out11. If it is quite to you , I will visit you next Friday.A. convenientB. fairC. easyD. call him inD.set upD. comfortable第#頁/共11頁12. Only when the 1- war was over to his hometown.B. the young soldier returnedD. the young soldier did retu

40、rnA. did the young soldier returnC. returned the young soldier13. I wonder if I could use your telephone.A. I wonder howB. I don ' t wonderC. Sorry， it s out of orderD. No wonder ， here it is14. The thief was and turned over to a police station.A. seizedB. obtainedC. recoveredD. appealed15. They

41、 have a beer together ， talking about their separate life ， but not often.A. by and byB. now and thenC. all the timeD. more or lessKey: 1 -5 DBABD 6-10 DAACA11-15 AACAB一 . 單項選擇1. All the characteristics that distinguish birds other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.A. toB. betweenC. forD. f

42、rom2. I'd better now. The water is boiling in the kitchen. Good-bye.A. ring backB. ring upC. hold onD. ring off3. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell far short of our .A. chancesB. advantagesC. futuresD. expectations4. I don't think about my old friends very much ， only .A. now

43、and thenB. by and byC. step by stepD. more or less5. He tried his best，but he couldn't the college entrance exams last year.A. get throughB. get overC. get upD. get away6. Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell short of our .A. expectationsB. advantagesC. OpportunitiesD. contributions7

44、. A healthy life is frequently thought to be with open countryside and homegrown food.A. tiedB. boundC. involvedD. associated8. It s ten years since the scientist on his life s work of discovering the valuable chemicalA. made forB. set outC. took offD. turned up9. It started to rain so we the neares

45、t cafe and went on talking about our school life.A. called upB. separated fromC. dived intoD. set out10. Don t you think I have reasons for not supporting the proposals?A. validB. stableC. abruptD. stainlessKey: 1 -5 DDDAA 6-10 AACAB二 . 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A 、 B 、 C 和 D 項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Every pet owne

46、r loves his pet .There is no argument here.But when we asked our readers whether they would clone their beloved animals ， the responses were split almost down the middle . Of the 228 readers who answered it ， 108 would clone ，111 would not andnine weighed each side without offering an opinion .Clear

47、ly， from readers' response，this is an issue that reaches deeply into both the joy and eventual ( 最第 9頁 /共 11頁終的)sadness of owning a pet. It speaks，as well ， to people's widely differing expectations over thedeveloping scientific procedure ( 步驟 ).Most of the readers who favored the idea stron

48、gly believed it would produce at least a close copy of the original ； many felt the process would actually return an exact copy. Those on the other side ， however， held little hope that clone could truly recreate a pet ； many simply did not wish to go against the natural law of life and death.Both s

49、ides expressed equal love for their animals. More of them owned“ the best dog/cat in the woThey thought of their pets as their“ best friend ” or “ a member of the family ” . They told movipets' heroism， intelligence and selfless devotion.Little wonders the loss is so disturbing -and the cloning

50、so attractive.“ People become very close to theiranimals，and the loss can be just as hard to bear as when a friend or family member dies ， ” says GaryKowalski ， author of goodbye ， Friend: Healing Wisdom for Anyone Who Has Ever Lost a Pet.，“ For mecloning feels like an attempt to turn death awayIt&#

51、39;s understandable. Death is always painful. It's difficultto deal with. It's hard to accept.”But would cloning reduce the blow? This question seems to be at the heart of this problem.60. So far as the cloning of pets is concerned ， a recent survey shows that，of all pet owners ，.A. a lot more of them are for itB. a lot more of them are against itC. very few of them are willing to tell their opinionsD. about half of them are for it and the other half against it61. The expression “ ev