雅思閱讀分類詞匯(場景)

1、精品文檔IELTS 閱讀分類詞匯=閱讀分類詞匯 =心理theorem原理，定理 v.s. theorymethodology方法論 (method)physiology生理學(xué) (physiological)psychiatry精神病學(xué) psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysiscorrelation相互關(guān)系 correlation coefficientsensation感覺，知覺 ( 另 ) 轟動 sensationalperception感知，認(rèn)知intuition知覺 (intuitive)ESP第六感 (Extrasensory Perc

2、eption)motivate激勵 àmotivation ( bonus, commission,)incentive激勵因素stimulus刺激 àstimulate, stimulationdisorder紊亂，失調(diào)dysfunction機能障礙 dys(=dis) + functiondissonance不和諧，不一致 dis + son(sound) +ancetrauma創(chuàng)傷 (traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11anxiety焦慮 (= anxiousness)depression沮喪 (de + press + io

3、n) depressedv.s. repression (壓抑 )insomnia失眠phobia恐懼 ( 癥) suffix: -phobiaacrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFLenophobiaa fear of foreigners or strangersclaustrophobiaa fear of being closed in a confined placeallergy過敏(癥) ，反感 (allergic)HpensityMost boys have a propensity of play

4、ingwith machinery.=tendency, inclination。1歡迎下載精品文檔paranoid偏執(zhí)的 paranoia ( 偏執(zhí)狂 )workaholic工作狂 (alcoholic)symptom癥狀diagnosis診斷 (n.)diagnose(v.)ArthurHaily:“The FinalDiagnosis ”electroencephalogram 腦電圖 electrocardiogram (心電圖 )assertive武斷的 (assert)therapy治療法 group therapyhypnotism催眠術(shù) ( hypnotize)prescrib

5、e開藥方 v.s. subscribe, describe, inscribeàprescription: drugsantidepressant抗抑郁藥tranquilizer鎮(zhèn)靜藥 (tranquil)side-effect (+s)副作用immune免疫的，免除的 ( immunity)rehabilitation復(fù)原，康復(fù)relapse舊病復(fù)發(fā)，故態(tài)復(fù)萌 v.s. elapse子在川上曰：逝者如斯夫，不舍晝夜！chronic慢性的adulthood childhoodpuberty青春發(fā)動期adolescence青春期 (the time of life between pu

6、berty and adulthood)emotional rationalaffective情感的 (affection)sane神智健全的 insanesuperstition迷信 superstitioustelepathy傳心術(shù)，通靈術(shù) tele(faraway) + pathy(heart)numerology,palmistryapathy無感情，無興趣，冷漠 (= indifference)sympathy:sym(same) + pathypathology病理學(xué)，病理，病變delusion迷惑，欺瞞 v.s. illusiondisorientation迷失 (dis + o

7、rientation) disorientedpervert使反常 / 變態(tài) 反常 / 變態(tài)者 perversionintrospection內(nèi)省 v.s. retrospection (回顧，反省 )sublimation純化，升華 sublimepersonality= personal characteristicsmultiple personality (多重人格 )innate天賦的 in + nate(nature)= inborn, congenitalattribute屬性 ( àattributable)trait特征，品質(zhì) national traits國民性

8、vs. traitor。2歡迎下載精品文檔=閱讀分類詞匯 =科技ubiquitous普遍存在的 = omnipresent (omniscient, omnipotent)versatile( 人) 多才多藝的， ( 物) 通用的 àversatilityalchemy煉金術(shù)transmute變形，變質(zhì) transmute silver into gold (!)arduous艱巨的 (=strenuous)an arduous taskpitfall陷阱，未預(yù)見之困難metallurgy冶金alloy合金aluminum= aluminium (BE) calcium, urani

9、um, radium,copper,brass, bronzeelectrode電極distill蒸餾 distilled waterquartz石英phosphorus磷，磷光物質(zhì)inflammable易燃的 (flame)combustion燃 燒(combustible)spontaneouscombustion (whitephosphorus)ceramic陶瓷的 瓷器 (ceramics)insulate隔離，絕緣 insulator ( conductor fiber纖維 (BE: fibre)fiber optics (纖維光學(xué) )optics光學(xué) (àoptical

10、)retina視網(wǎng)膜iris虹膜opaque不透明的 v.s. transparent, translucentmicroprocessor微處理器 CPU(Central Processing Unit), chipbinary二進制的integrateintegration ,integrated circuit (IC), system integration(SI)buffer緩沖區(qū) buffer storagebrowser瀏覽器 (IE, Netscape)hypertext超文本envisage想象，看作 en + vis(see) + agebe envisaged as。3歡

11、迎下載精品文檔momentous( 極為 ) 重要的 v.s. momentaryreticular網(wǎng)狀的Ethernet以太網(wǎng)domain域 domain namescyberlaw網(wǎng)絡(luò)法律“cyber- “:Internetrelatedcyberlove,cybercafe,patent專 利(patented)v.s.copyright, piratedsoftware/VCD schronological按 時 間 順 序 的 “chron ”:timechronic,chronicle,chronographrobot機器人 ( “肉包它 ”) roboticsartificial

12、人造的，做作的 artificial satellite/smilecone圓錐體，錐形物 the nose cone of a missileJupiter木星Mercury, Venus, Mars, Saturnexorbitant過度的，過分的，過高的 ex(out) + orbit + antcentripetal向心 ( 力) 的 centrifugalhigh-rise高樓 ( skyscraper)cathedral大教堂dome圓頂 (a hemispherical roof)infrastructure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 superstructuresewage污水，下水道hydra

13、ulic水力的，水壓的landfill垃圾掩埋 ( 地)ventilation通風(fēng)thermostat溫 控 器thermo(hot)+stat(steady)thermos,thermometer,thermonuclearprefabricate預(yù)先制造 prefab (預(yù)制的 )polytechnic各種工藝的 理工學(xué)校 Hong Kong Polytechnicgeometric幾何 ( 學(xué)) 的 geometry, geo(land) + metry(measure)asymmetry不對稱 a(not) + sym(same) + metry() symmetryconcave凹的

14、 convex bilateral雙邊的，兩方面的 unilateralparadoxical“似非而是 ”的paradox ( 悖論 )empirical經(jīng)驗的 empirical law/formulaclockwise順時針的 ( anticlockwise。4歡迎下載精品文檔=閱讀分類詞匯 =教育accommodation( 膳宿 ) 供應(yīng) = room and boardlodging寄宿( 處)lease出租 “for lease”, “to let ”v.s. renttenant房客，佃戶landlord房 東 à landlady(f)? Lord, tenant,

15、housemate roommate, dormmate, schoolmate, classmatedormitory寢室 (abbrev. dorm)au pairA young foreignerwho liveswitha familyin return fordoing light housework( 另 ) = reciprocalreciprocal相互的，互惠的hostelyouth hostel hotelreal estate房地產(chǎn)vicinity= neighborhoodflat平的，癟的 flat tire公寓 (= apartment) condo, studio

16、bond= depositlinen亞麻的 亞麻織品，床單 (= bed linen)utensil器皿stationery文具 (v.s. stationary)laundry洗衣，洗衣店cafeteria自助餐廳 canteencater滿足 ( 需要)aerobics有氧健身操 “aero ”: airbadminton羽毛球(運動)baseball棒球 baseball batsquash壁球( 運動 )amateur professionalgathering聚會 v.s. meeting, reunionexcursion遠(yuǎn)足 (= outing, expedition)commo

17、nwealth共和國，聯(lián)邦 Commonwealth: 英聯(lián)邦tertiary第三的 After purchasing a house and a car, the nextmajor lifeexpenditure is almost certainly the cost of tertiary。5歡迎下載精品文檔education.primaryàsecondaryàtertiarypost-secondary“post ”: afterpostgraduate,postdoctoral,post-sale,postwarilliterate文盲 不識字的 il(no)

18、+ literate(words)àilliteracy( literacy discipline學(xué)科，紀(jì)律 v.s. subjectterminology術(shù)語facultydepartment and staff of a college/universitydean(大學(xué))教務(wù)長curriculum課程 (= course) àextracurricular課外的syllabus課程提綱calendar日歷，日程 ( schedule, agenda, timetable)compulsory強制的，必修的 elective (選修的 )examiner examine

19、e take/sit,pass/get through, fail,retake/resitrecruit招生，招募 recruitment= enrollprestige聲望，威信 àprestigiousesteem尊敬 (n. & v.)your esteemed school/companyaptitude智力 SAT: School Aptitude Testmatriculation錄取入學(xué)vocation職業(yè) (= calling, occupation, career)àvocationalvocational educationTAFETechni

20、cal And Further Education (Australian)abbreviation縮略 ( 詞) abridge ( 縮短，刪節(jié) )transferable( 學(xué)分等 ) 可轉(zhuǎn)換的scholarship獎學(xué)金 = fellowshiptutorial輔導(dǎo) ( 課 ) ? tutor (= lecturer, instructor)pedagogue教員，學(xué)究 pedagogy ( 教育學(xué)，教學(xué)法 ) demagogue ( 政治煽動家 )lexicography詞典編撰 ( àlexicographer)assignment任務(wù)，(課外)作業(yè)dissertation

21、論文 (= thesis)credential證明，文憑 “cred ”: creditlinguistic credentialsalumni校友 ( 男) alumnaeoverestimate高估 ( underestimate decipher解碼，解釋 (= decode)decipher workplace culturecaliber才干。6歡迎下載精品文檔=閱讀分類詞匯 =文化homogeneous同質(zhì)的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous homosexual,heterosexualmainstream主流 主流的dialect方言 (v.s.

22、accent)discrepancy差異misconception誤解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstandingbarrier障礙 ( 物) bar, = barricadediscrimination區(qū)別，歧視 racial/sexualdiscrimination ? discriminate(+against)hierarchy等級制度 heir + arch(govern) + yinsularity島國性質(zhì) ( ? insular, island).microcosm小天地 micro + cosm(os)nostalgia= homesickn

23、esspatriot愛國者 ( traitoràpatriotic, patriotismcompatriot同胞 同胞的 com + patriotvernacular本地的，本國的 本地話，本國話 the vernacularlanguagesof IndiaHispanicAn American whose first language was Spanishimmigration移入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration ( emigrant,emigrate)antipodesAny two placesorregions on diame

24、tricallyopposite sidesof the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes”permeate滲透，彌漫 Smoke permeated the house.entrepreneur企業(yè)家 ( enterprise)àentrepreneurshippractitioner開業(yè)者，從業(yè)者 praction(practice) + ercelebritya famous person= luminary, VIPproxy代理人anecdote軼事 ( àanecdotal)notoriety惡名 ( ? not

25、orious)counterpart對應(yīng)人，對等物 Whos George Bushs counterpartin Chinacounterculture, counterbalance。7歡迎下載精品文檔peer同等的人 凝視，窺視 ( peep)subordinate下級 下級的 superiortactics戰(zhàn)術(shù)，技巧 v.s. strategy ( 戰(zhàn)略，策略 ) marketing strategyv.s. sellingtacticsnuancea subtle difference in meaningbenchmarking類比分析punctual準(zhǔn)時的，守時的 ( à

26、;punctuality)absenteeism曠工 absent àabsenteeàabsenteeismflextime彈性工作時間 flex(flexible) + timeharass騷擾 ( àharassment)Mary said that Gary had sexuallyharassed her.redundancy冗余，冗員 network redundancydownsize裁員 ( lay off)ballot投票 (= vote)impartial不偏不倚的 ( partiallobby大堂 (n.)游說 (v.)shortlist(B

27、E) a listof applicantswho have been deemedsuitable andfromwhich the successful person will be chosenà(v.)equilibrium平衡，均衡questionnaire調(diào)查表，問卷quantitative定量的 ( qualitativecontingency偶然性，偶然事件incur招致 incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recurethical倫理的，符合倫理的 ethics, unethicaldubious疑惑的，可疑的

28、( doubt)People were dubious about theresult.manifestation顯示，證明 ( ? manifest)subtitle字幕，副標(biāo)題 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine,subway (BE:underground, tube), suburb(downtown, uptown, outskirts)dubbing配音錄制vogue時尚 chicbizarre奇異的 v.s. weird (怪異的 )mediocre平庸的dietitian飲食學(xué)家 ( diet)connoisseur行家，鑒賞家 entr &

29、#233;e, a la carte。8歡迎下載精品文檔=雅思閱讀分類詞匯 =-生物 / 生理molecule分子 àmolecularcellcellularaminoàamino acids (氨基酸 )protein蛋白質(zhì)enzyme酶 (proteinsthatare produced by cells and act as catalystsincatalystspecific biochemical reactions)催化劑chlorophyll葉綠素 “chloro- ”: Clphotosynthesis光合作用 (photo + synthesis)&#

30、224;photosyntheticbotany植物學(xué)( zoology àbotanist, botanicalflora植物群fauna動物群bacterium bacteria (pl.)細(xì)菌fungus fungi (pl.)真菌algae alga (pl.)海藻herbàherbal: tea àherbicide ( insecticide, pesticide)carnation康乃馨 àreincarnationfade凋謝，褪色organism機體，組織 ? organarthropod節(jié)肢動物 v.s. anthropoid ()r

31、eptile爬行動物amphibian兩棲動物mammal哺乳動物 ( ? mamma!)primate靈長目動物evolution進化 ( ? evolve)anthropoid類 人 猿( “anthrop ”:humankind)anthropology,philanthropy v.s.ape, gorilla, chimpanzeegene基因 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) genome (基因組 )genetics遺傳學(xué) ( àgenetical)。9歡迎下載精品文檔helix螺旋，螺旋壯物analyze every single gene wi

32、thin thedouble helixof humanity s DNAidentical同一的 identity (àID card) clonemutation突變 gene mutationàmutable, immutable, mutantpredator捕食者 ( prey embryo胚胎 àembryonic (萌芽的 )roe魚子 caviar (魚子醬 )tadpole蝌蚪 frog, toad ( told)caterpillar毛 毛 蟲(cater + pillar)TheAmerican Company:Caterpillar (CA

33、T)grasshopper蚱蜢，蝗蟲 (= locust)grass + hopper, bellhopcricket蟋蟀 ( 另)板球butterflyv.s. moth dragonfly, fireflypollen花粉 傳粉 àpollinate, pollinationhive蜂房 honey, concoctionlarva larvae (pl.)幼蟲 v.s. lavapupa蛹 àpupatepenguin企鵝 v.s. dolphin (海豚 )raccoon浣熊 v.s. kangaroo (袋鼠 )hibernate冬眠 (=hole up)torp

34、id麻木的，蟄伏的 v.s. torpedo (魚雷 )cerebral(大)腦的hemisphere半球 (hemi + sphere)cortex腦皮層migraine偏頭疼 ? migrantsomatic軀體的limb四肢upper/lower limbanatomy解剖，剖析paralyze使癱瘓 (=incapacitate, immobilize)artery動脈 ( vein gland腺體pancreas胰hormone荷爾蒙，激素cholesterol膽固醇efficacy功效 v.s. efficiency, effectiveness。10歡迎下載精品文檔=雅思閱讀分類

35、詞匯 =環(huán)境問題conservation保護，保存 ( ? conserve)v.s. conversationenvironmentalist = conservationistacid酸 酸的 ( alkali acid raincarbon碳 (C) v.s. charcoal (炭)carbon dioxide, carbon monoxidefumeexhaust fumesv.s. smoke, fog, smogpetroleum石油 àpetrol (BE) = gasoline/gas (AE) àunleaded petrol/gasozone臭氧 (o

36、 + zone)ozone layerooze滲出 滲出物radiation輻射 ultraviolet(UV) radiation radioactivegreenhouse溫室 greenhouse effect/gasessolar太陽的 (solar energy) lunar (lunar calendar)phenomenon現(xiàn)象catastrophe= disaster, cataclysmdeterioration惡化 (? deteriorate)extinction滅絕 (? extinct)speciesendangered speciesdrought干旱 ( “找它

37、”) famine v.s. floodingrecurrent反復(fù)發(fā)生的 re + (oc)cur + rentv.s. concurrentinundate淹沒 “淹掉它 ”embankment筑堤 (em + bank + ment)sediment沉積（物） = depositdelta三角洲 the Pearl River Deltaalluvial沖積的desertification(v.s. dessert)dust-storm沙塵暴 thunderstorm, brainstormbarren貧瘠的，不育的，無效的dunesand dune the game “DUNE”!at

38、tributable歸因于 be attributable todeforestation濫 砍 濫 伐 （ 森 林 ） de + forest+ ation afforestation/reforestationlog原木，日志 伐木 v.s. logovegetation植物，植被 v.s. vegetable, vegetarian。11歡迎下載精品文檔habitat棲息地 ? habit (Habit is the second nature.)ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng) (eco + system) ecologyviability? viable“vi ”: life養(yǎng)育能力 On

39、e tool for assessing theimpact offorestryon the ecosystem ispopulation viabilityanalysis.demographic人口統(tǒng)計的 demo(people) + graph(write) + icinterdependence inter + dependencecounterbalance使平衡，彌補 (=offset)counter(against) + balancemechanism機理，機制precipitation陡降，降水 ( ? precipice) evaporationcirculation流通

40、，循環(huán)tide àtidal wave (海嘯 ) ebb earthquaketyphoon tornado, hurricanemeteorology氣象(學(xué))volcano火山eruption噴發(fā) ( ? erupt)volcanic eruption lavagranite花崗巖imminent= impending v.s. eminentCelsius攝氏的 37OCv.s. centigradeFahrenheit華氏的latitude緯度 ( 另 ) longitude, altitudetropical?(the)tropicstropical/torridzone

41、, temperate zone,frigid zoneglacier冰川dump傾倒，傾銷 àanti-dumpingcontaminate弄臟 ( àcontaminant)recycle回收再利用irreversible不可逆的 (= irrevocable)reclaim開墾，改造 àreclamationcontentious有爭議的 ( ? contend)Many environmental issues todayare highlycontentious.opt選擇 (+ for) àoptionprioritize優(yōu)先考慮 ( ? p

42、rior, priority)。12歡迎下載精品文檔=雅思分類詞匯 =醫(yī)院mental hospital精神病醫(yī)院 clinic診所physician/internist內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 oculist/eye doctor眼科醫(yī)生surgon外科醫(yī)生 dentist牙醫(yī) vet獸醫(yī) shrink 心理醫(yī)生symptom癥狀have/catch a cold感冒have a sore throat嗓子痛have a stomachache 胃痛have a fever發(fā)燒pneumonia肺炎flu流感have a cough咳嗽have a headache頭痛have a toothache牙痛liver trouble肝炎allergy過敏癥twisted/sprained扭傷的feel dizzy頭暈feel chilly覺得發(fā)冷asthma哮喘diabetics糖尿病患者cramps 抽筋vomit/t