【最新】九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)中考復(fù)習(xí)方案-簡(jiǎn)單句課件

1、簡(jiǎn)單句簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)1.1.英語(yǔ)句子的種類與類型英語(yǔ)句子的種類與類型2.2.陳述句（五種簡(jiǎn)單句型）陳述句（五種簡(jiǎn)單句型）3.3.陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成4.4.疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句1 1）一般疑問(wèn)句）一般疑問(wèn)句 2 2）特殊疑問(wèn)句）特殊疑問(wèn)句 （常用的特殊疑問(wèn)詞和句型常用的特殊疑問(wèn)詞和句型）3 3）選擇疑問(wèn)句）選擇疑問(wèn)句4 4）反義疑問(wèn)句）反義疑問(wèn)句 5 5. . There-beThere-be存在句存在句6.6.主謂一致主謂一致 知識(shí)概要知識(shí)概要英語(yǔ)句子的種類與類型英語(yǔ)句子的種類與類型I I、句子種類（按交際用途分）句子種類（按交際用途分） 陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句、陳述

2、句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句、 There-be There-be存在句存在句IIII、句子類型（按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分）句子類型（按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分） 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句1 1、陳述句、陳述句 說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一個(gè)看法，有肯定式和否定式，語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后。陳述句可以分為以下五種句型： 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞。如：I arrived at six last night. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ +賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ +間接

3、賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+ +直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 這樣可加雙賓語(yǔ)的句子有buy, tell, give, ask, pass, teach. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+ +賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+ +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+ +系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+ +表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring

4、. 難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成(1) 如果肯定陳述句的謂語(yǔ)部分含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)如果肯定陳述句的謂語(yǔ)部分含有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞詞be，則只需在這些動(dòng)詞后加則只需在這些動(dòng)詞后加not即可構(gòu)成否定式。即可構(gòu)成否定式。He is playing the guitar.（肯定）He is not playing the guitar.（否定）We can get there before dark.（肯定）We cant get thee before dark.（否定）(2) 如果陳述句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，而其中又沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如果陳述句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)

5、詞，而其中又沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則需根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)在該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加或助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則需根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)在該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加dont, doesnt或或didnt。同時(shí)把該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?。同時(shí)把該實(shí)義動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵巍?He plays the violin well.（肯定）He doesnt play the violin well.（否定） She won the game.（肯定）She didnt win the game.（否定）(3) 如果句子是如果句子是there be結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have（有），且句中有），且句中如果有如果有some要變?yōu)橐優(yōu)閍ny。例如：Ther

6、e is some water in the cup. There is not any water in the cup. He has some books. He doesnt have any books.難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成(4) (4) 除除notnot以外，否定詞以外，否定詞no, never, nothing, nobody, fewno, never, nothing, nobody, few等也等也可構(gòu)成否定句?？蓸?gòu)成否定句。例如： There is something wrong with his bike. There is nothin

7、g wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. I have never seen the film.注：否定句的類型否定句的類型1 1）半否定句（用）半否定句（用hardly, little, fewhardly, little, few等來(lái)否定）等來(lái)否定）I hardly know anything about it.2 2）部分否定句（用部分否定句（用all, both, every, each+all, both, every, each+謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)+not+not否定，表示否定，表示“有的是，有的是，有的不是有的不是”）I dont like b

8、oth the films. 3 3）全否定句（用）全否定句（用not, no, never, neither, nor, nothingnot, no, never, neither, nor, nothing等來(lái)否定等來(lái)否定 ）I like neither Cathy nor Mary.4)4)否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移( (用用在含有在含有think, believe, expect, suppose, imaginethink, believe, expect, suppose, imagine為主句的句為主句的句子子) ) I dont think it will be very cold t

9、oday難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接2 2、疑問(wèn)句、疑問(wèn)句 有一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)有一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反義疑問(wèn)句。句、反義疑問(wèn)句。1 1）一般疑問(wèn)句）一般疑問(wèn)句 用來(lái)詢問(wèn)一件事，答案通常是用來(lái)詢問(wèn)一件事，答案通常是yesyes或或 nono，要，要注意語(yǔ)序。注意語(yǔ)序。（1 1）一般疑問(wèn)句的基本形式）一般疑問(wèn)句的基本形式一般疑問(wèn)句一般是指以助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞或have（有）開始，通常要求以yes，或no來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句，一般疑問(wèn)句讀時(shí)通常用升調(diào)。Do you know Mr. Smith? Can you swim? （2 2）一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu) 在

10、一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，把副詞not放在一般疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)之后。但如果用not的簡(jiǎn)略形式-nt，則須將-nt與一般疑問(wèn)句句首的be, have，助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞寫在一起。在實(shí)際運(yùn)用中，一般都采用簡(jiǎn)略式。Are you not a football fan? Arent you a football fan? Will she not like it? Wont she like it? 與漢語(yǔ)不同的是，英語(yǔ)一般疑問(wèn)句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的答語(yǔ)是否定還是肯定，全由答語(yǔ)的否定或肯定來(lái)決定。若答語(yǔ)是肯定的，則用yes加肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；若答語(yǔ)是否定的，則用no加否定結(jié)構(gòu)。 Arent you a football fan

11、? Yes, I am. No, I am not.Wont she like it? Yes, she will. No, she wont. 難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接2 2）特殊疑問(wèn)句）特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)句由“疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞+ +一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成，句子一般用倒裝語(yǔ)序句子一般用倒裝語(yǔ)序，但如果對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。特殊疑問(wèn)句不能用yes或no回答，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。例如：Who is on duty today? How long have you been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?What

12、must I do now?難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接常用的特殊疑問(wèn)詞和句型詢問(wèn)內(nèi)容詢問(wèn)內(nèi)容疑問(wèn)詞或句型疑問(wèn)詞或句型詢問(wèn)內(nèi)容詢問(wèn)內(nèi)容疑問(wèn)詞或句型疑問(wèn)詞或句型職業(yè)，身份職業(yè)，身份 What do/dosedo 幾號(hào)，日期幾號(hào)，日期 what is the date? 姓名或關(guān)系姓名或關(guān)系 Who/whats name 年齡（多大）年齡（多大） how old 相貌特征相貌特征 whatlike? 持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間（多久）（多久） how long 目的目的 whatfor? 長(zhǎng)度（多長(zhǎng)）長(zhǎng)度（多長(zhǎng)） how long 原因原因 why 距離（多遠(yuǎn)）距離（多遠(yuǎn)） how far 天氣天氣 how i

13、s the weather whats the weather like? 頻度頻度（多經(jīng)常）（多經(jīng)常） how often 顏色顏色 what color？ 時(shí)間經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)間經(jīng)過(guò)（多快）（多快） how soon 服裝尺寸服裝尺寸 what size 數(shù)量數(shù)量（多少）（多少） how many（可數(shù)名詞）how much（不可數(shù)名詞） 幾點(diǎn)鐘幾點(diǎn)鐘 what time 價(jià)格價(jià)格 how much/whats the price 星期幾星期幾 what day 高度高度（多高）（多高） how tall（人，樹）how high（山，建筑物） 難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接3 3）選擇疑問(wèn)句）選擇疑問(wèn)句 選擇疑

14、問(wèn)句是說(shuō)話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況，讓對(duì)方選擇回答的疑問(wèn)句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句+ +選擇部分選擇部分”。選擇部分由or連接，or前面的部分讀升調(diào)，or后面的部分讀降調(diào)。選擇疑問(wèn)句不能用yes或no回答，而必須具體的選擇答復(fù)。 Is your bag yellow or black? Its black.。 Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do.。 Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.選擇疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成選擇疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：(1)(

15、1)以一般疑問(wèn)句為基礎(chǔ)以一般疑問(wèn)句為基礎(chǔ)Is he a teacher or a doctor or a policeman?Shall I help you or can you manage?(2)(2)以特殊疑問(wèn)句為基礎(chǔ)以特殊疑問(wèn)句為基礎(chǔ)Which do you prefer, red wine or white?How shall we go there? By bus or by train?難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接4 4）反義疑問(wèn)句）反義疑問(wèn)句 反意疑問(wèn)句是指在陳述句之后附加一個(gè)意思與之相反的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句附加一個(gè)意思與之相反的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句，問(wèn)對(duì)方是否贊同的疑問(wèn)句。附加問(wèn)句的否定式必須縮寫。（1 1

16、）肯定的陳述句后跟否定的附加問(wèn)句，否定的陳述句后跟肯定的附加問(wèn)）肯定的陳述句后跟否定的附加問(wèn)句，否定的陳述句后跟肯定的附加問(wèn)句。句。如：I am your teacher, arent I? He didnt study hard, did he?（2 2）如果陳述句中含有否定副詞如果陳述句中含有否定副詞never, hardlynever, hardly或其他表示否定代詞或形容或其他表示否定代詞或形容詞，如詞，如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, littlenothing, none no one, nobody, neither, fe

17、w, little等，則附加問(wèn)句只等，則附加問(wèn)句只能用肯定式。能用肯定式。如：They hardly write to each other, do they? He has found nothing, has he? Few people knew the secret, did they? （3 3）當(dāng)反意疑問(wèn)句是當(dāng)反意疑問(wèn)句是“否定陳述句否定陳述句+ +肯定附加問(wèn)句肯定附加問(wèn)句”時(shí)，英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)的回答時(shí)，英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)的回答習(xí)慣存在差異。習(xí)慣存在差異。英語(yǔ)回答時(shí)只看實(shí)際情況，若答語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”，答語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容是否定的就用“No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”，而譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，則必須把

18、yes譯“不是”，把no譯成“是的”。-You wont be away for long, will you? 你不會(huì)離開太久，是嗎？-Yes, I will.不，我會(huì)的。 -No, I wont.是的，我不會(huì)的。-I dont think shell come by bike, will she? 我認(rèn)為她不會(huì)騎自行車，會(huì)嗎？-Yes, she will.不，她會(huì)的。 -No, she wont.是的，她不會(huì)的。(4) (4) 祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句，除由祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句，除由Lets Lets 開頭的要問(wèn)成開頭的要問(wèn)成 shall we? shall we? 以外，其余的以外，其余的都問(wèn)成

19、都問(wèn)成will you.will you.難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接3 3、祈使句、祈使句 祈使句是用來(lái)表示命令、請(qǐng)求、建議、號(hào)召等的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，句末用感嘆號(hào)“！”或句號(hào)“.”。朗讀時(shí)一般用降調(diào)。1. 1. 肯定的祈使句：肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主語(yǔ)是you時(shí)，you常省略，但如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)方或表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情緒時(shí)可以有主語(yǔ)或稱呼語(yǔ)。Be quiet. You be quiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請(qǐng)求，do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。Do come back at once! Do be careful.（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語(yǔ)氣，但please用在句末時(shí)

20、，必須用逗號(hào)與其余部分分開。Open the window, please.（4）Let引導(dǎo)祈使句時(shí)，后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語(yǔ)，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。Let Jack wait a minute. Lets go to school.（5）在祈使句中，Lets和 Let us是有區(qū)別的。Lets包括說(shuō)話者，而Let us不包括聽話者在內(nèi)。這點(diǎn)從反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)可明顯看出。Lets go skating, shall we?（表示內(nèi)部的建議）Let us try again, will you?（表示向別人發(fā)出請(qǐng)求） 2. 2. 否定的祈使句否定的祈使句通常以Dont或Never開頭。其

21、結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：“Dont(Never)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分” 例如： Dont do that again! Never leave todays work for tomorrow! Dont be late next time! 難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接4 4、感嘆句、感嘆句 感嘆句是表示喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚異等感情的句子。句末用感嘆號(hào)“！”，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。感嘆句是由“感嘆部分感嘆部分+ +主謂部分主謂部分”構(gòu)成，感嘆句往往由what或how引導(dǎo)，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞，副詞或動(dòng)詞。whatwhat引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：（1）what + a/an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主

22、語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）What a beautiful city it is! What an interesting story she told! （2）what+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）What expensive watches they are! What terrible weather it is! 2 2HowHow引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：（1）How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）How cold it is! How hard he works! （2）How+陳述句（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）How he loves his son!How I miss yo

23、u!（3）How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）How tall a tree it is! （4）上述兩種感嘆句可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：What a clever boy he is!How clever the boy is!What a cold day it is!How cold it is!難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接5 5、 There-beThere-be存在句存在句1. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu) There be +主語(yǔ) + 地點(diǎn) /時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：There is a computer in the room. 房間里有一臺(tái)電腦。There are two TV plays e

24、very evening. 每晚有兩場(chǎng)電視劇。2. 主謂一致主謂一致要采取就近一致原則，和* 近be的主語(yǔ)一致。如：There is a pen, two rulers in the box. 盒子里有一只鋼筆，兩把尺子。There are two boys and a teacher at the school gate. 門口有兩個(gè)男孩，一個(gè)老師。3. 主語(yǔ)后的動(dòng)詞形式主語(yǔ)后的動(dòng)詞形式在there be 句型中，主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞；是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。如：There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一個(gè)錢包。There are fiv

25、e minutes left now. 現(xiàn)在還有5分鐘。難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接5 5、 There-beThere-be存在句存在句4. 反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)與there be對(duì)應(yīng)，而不是依據(jù)主語(yǔ)。如：There is a radio on the table, isnt there? 桌子上有一臺(tái)收音機(jī)，是吧？There are more than fifty classes in your school, arent there? 你們班有50多名學(xué)生，是吧？5. there be 與與have的替換的替換there be表示所屬時(shí)可與have替換。There is nothing

26、but a book in my bag. =I have nothing but a book in my bag. 包里只有一本書。6. there be后接不定式時(shí)常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：There is a lot of work to do. 有許多工作要做。注意：當(dāng)該句型主語(yǔ)是something, anything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，后面的不定式用主動(dòng)形式或被動(dòng)形式，意義各不同。There is nothing to do. 沒有事可做。There is nothing to be done. 沒有辦法(束手無(wú)策)。難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接5 5、 There-beThe

27、re-be存在句存在句7. 與其它詞連用，構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)與其它詞連用，構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。如：There may be a rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有雨。There used to be a cinema here before the war. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之前，這兒有一家電影院。8. 變體變體there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be有時(shí)可用live, stand, remain等代替。如：Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else. 從前有位國(guó)王喜歡新服勝過(guò)別的任何東西。9. 習(xí)慣

28、用語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)There is no good /use (in) doing sth. 做某事沒有好處/用處；There is not a moment to lose. 一刻也不能耽誤。例如：There is no good making friends with him. 和他交朋友沒有什么好處。He is very ill. Send him to hospital. Theres not a moment to lose. 他病得厲害，把他送到醫(yī)院去，一刻也不能耽誤。難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接6.6.主謂一致主謂一致 在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中要注意主謂一致的問(wèn)題，即句子的主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要相呼應(yīng)。要注意的有如

29、下幾點(diǎn)： 用用andand連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)，但如一人身兼兩職時(shí)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)一般應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)，但如一人身兼兩職時(shí)則要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，則要用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，如：A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演員。而 a singer and a dancer 則要譯為：一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家。有些以有些以 s s 結(jié)尾的名詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，結(jié)尾的名詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如： The news is good (news 為不可數(shù)名詞)。 有量詞時(shí)應(yīng)按量詞的數(shù)量計(jì)算，有量詞時(shí)應(yīng)按量詞的數(shù)

30、量計(jì)算，如： This pair of glasses is good My glasses are broken. 有些形單卻意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，有些形單卻意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，如： People are coming here 這樣的詞還有 Police，class等。 如果要講一個(gè)警察時(shí)，應(yīng)講 a policeman。 兩個(gè)警察為 two policemen。 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接 所有不定代詞所有不定代詞 eacheach， eithereither， neitherneither， oneone， the the otherothe

31、r， nobodynobody， nothingnothing， anyoneanyone， anythinganything， someonesomeone， something something 要作為單數(shù)，要作為單數(shù)，如： Someone is waiting for you 表示表示并列關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：并列關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有： bothand, not only but bothand, not only but also, neither nor, either or.also, neither nor, either or.當(dāng)它們并列兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)它們并列兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，除除both a

32、nd both and 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)以外，其余都要采用就近原則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)以外，其余都要采用就近原則 如: Both my sister and brother are going to the cinema。 Not only my sister but also brother is going to the cinema . Neither my sister nor brother is going to the cinema. Either my sister or brother is going to the cinema難點(diǎn)鏈接難點(diǎn)鏈接1. 誤 The stories

33、in that book was written many years ago 正 The stories in that book were written many years ago. 析 作主語(yǔ)的名詞、代詞或不定式、動(dòng)名詞，它們往往要帶有修飾詞，這些詞可能是形容詞，也可能是短語(yǔ)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是要取決于這個(gè)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)，要記住的是一個(gè)名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個(gè)不同的語(yǔ)法成份。2.誤 To read many books are good for you 正 To read many books is good for you 析 不定式作主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該看作單數(shù)主語(yǔ)。 3.誤 What he sai

34、d are right 正 What he said is right 析 從句作主語(yǔ)一定要按單數(shù)主語(yǔ)看待。 4.正 The rich is not always happy 誤 The rich are not always happy 析 形容詞定冠詞表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，如： The young are very interested in study and sports5.誤 The school master and writer are coming 正 The school master and writer is coming 析 本句應(yīng)譯為：校長(zhǎng)兼作家就要來(lái)了。而

35、The school master and the writer are coming 則要譯為：校長(zhǎng)和一個(gè)作家要來(lái)了。在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)法中確實(shí)有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass 這應(yīng)譯為：一個(gè)女孩，一個(gè)男孩在操場(chǎng)上玩。因?yàn)椴豢赡苓@樣兩個(gè)概念作用在一個(gè)人身上。正誤辨析正誤辨析6. 誤 You or she go to get some water for us 正 You or she goes to get some water for us 析 由 or 連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)應(yīng)以離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近的那一個(gè)計(jì)算其數(shù)。這樣的用法還有 either or，nei

36、ther nor， not only but also 也有人稱作就近原則。7.誤 The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom 正 The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom 析 真正的主語(yǔ)是 the teacher， 而 with 短語(yǔ)是伴隨狀態(tài)，不影響主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。8.誤 My glasses is broken 誤 This pair of glasses are good 誤 These kinds of butter is good. 正

37、My glasses are broken 正 This pair of glasses is good 正 These kinds of butter are good 析 英語(yǔ)中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： glasses 眼鏡， shorts 短褲等。如沒有量詞在前時(shí)，要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)計(jì)算。9.誤 One of the boys are going to take part in the match 正 One of the boys is going to take part in the match 析 One of 結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)以 one 來(lái)計(jì)算主語(yǔ)的數(shù)。

38、 正誤辨析正誤辨析10. 誤 Half of the work are done 誤 Half of the books is read 正 Half of the work is done 正 Half of the books are read 析 在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如： ， of 名詞，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)應(yīng)按 of 后面的名詞計(jì)算。如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)，如名詞是復(fù)數(shù)則要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。11.誤 Each sides are full of trees 誤 Both side is full of trees 正 Each side is full of

39、 trees 正 Both sides are full of trees 析 each， either 其后都要加單數(shù)名詞，而 both 后要加復(fù)數(shù)名詞。 如： each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部要用單數(shù)形式。12.誤 The boys each has an apple 正 The boys each have an apple 析 each 作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，不影響句子的主語(yǔ)。13.誤 Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert 正 Every one of us has

40、 a ticket for the concert 析 everyone， someone， everybody 在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)都不能加 of 結(jié)構(gòu)。正誤辨析正誤辨析14. 誤 Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football 正 Girls like dancing very much， but few like playing football 析 few 雖然含意上是幾乎沒有，但作主語(yǔ)時(shí)仍要當(dāng)作復(fù)數(shù)。15.誤 The number of the workers in that factory are two hundre

41、d 正 The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred 析 the number of 意為：某某的數(shù)字是 如： the number of students 學(xué)生人數(shù)， the number of players 運(yùn)動(dòng)員人數(shù)。不論數(shù)字如何都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)。而 a number of 與 many 意思相同，其后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass16.誤 The rest of the students is here 誤 The re

42、st of the work are done 正 The rest of the students are here 正 The rest of the work is done 析 the rest of 的用法與，一半， of 的結(jié)構(gòu)一致， of 后面為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這樣用法還有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。17.誤 The news in todays newspaper are not bad 正 The news in todays newspaper is not bad 析 有些以 s 結(jié)

43、尾的名詞要用作不可數(shù)名詞，它們是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks， 正誤辨析正誤辨析18. 誤 The Chinese is kind and friendly 正 The Chinese are kind and friendly 析 Chinese 作為中文來(lái)講是單數(shù)名詞，但作為中國(guó)人講是單復(fù)同形的名詞。如： one Chinese， two Chinese ,而 The Chinese The people of China 要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。19.誤 This dictionary is too expensive for me, Ten doll

44、ars are a big sum for me 正 This dictionary is too expensive for me, Ten dollars is a big sum for me 析 表示一段時(shí)間，一筆金錢，一段距離，都應(yīng)看作單數(shù)名詞。21.誤 Who are going to take part in our football match? 正 Who is going to take part in our football match? 析 用 who 提問(wèn)時(shí)，習(xí)慣上用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但 which 則要視其情況而定，如： which are better these

45、shoes or those shoes? 又如： which is better this one or that one?22.誤 What a hot weather it is! 誤 How hot the weather it is! 正 What hot weather it is! 正 How hot the weather is! 析 感嘆句是用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的喜怒哀樂的感情。它由 what 與 how 作句子的開始，判定是用 what 還是用 how 的最好辦法是先找到感嘆句的主謂部分，比如： What the hot weather it is! 中It is 是主謂部分，再

46、來(lái)看感嘆部分有不可數(shù)名詞 weather， 則感嘆詞只能用 what。 再看第二句 How hot the weather is! 句子的主謂部分是 the weather is. 再來(lái)看部分只有形容詞，所以應(yīng)用 how。 至于是用 what a 還是 what 要看名詞的具體情況而定，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞加 what a 其余的加用 what。正誤辨析正誤辨析23. 誤 We have to sing this， have we? 誤 We have to sing this， havent we? 正 We have to sing this, dont we? 析 在反意疑問(wèn)句中除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的一些常

47、規(guī)外，有一些例外：Lets go home， shall we? Let us go home， will you?She had to leave， didnt she? Do your homework at once， will you?There is not much good news in todays newspaper， is there?Neither of them are right， are they? I think he will come to the party， wont he?think 后的賓語(yǔ)從句，與其他賓語(yǔ)從句不一樣，在初中只有這樣一個(gè)較特殊的詞。這

48、樣的句子的反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要用賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，其助動(dòng)詞要用賓語(yǔ)從句的助動(dòng)詞，而肯定還是否定要看主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而定，如： I dont think he is coming to our party， is he?24.誤 I want to know where does he live 正 I want to know where he lives 析 賓語(yǔ)從句中一律要用陳述語(yǔ)序，而不用疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序。25.誤 - I havent got a ticket for the football match- Nor I have 正 - I havent got a ticket for the f

49、ootball match- Nor (Neither) have I 析 nor， neither 用在簡(jiǎn)答否定句中時(shí)要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。在肯定句的簡(jiǎn)答句中則要用so， 如： I do my homework very quickly， So does Mary正誤辨析正誤辨析26. 誤 Look! Here the bus comes! 誤 Look! Here comes he! 正 Look! Here comes the bus! 正 Look! Here he comes 析 在 there， here 打頭的句子中，如果主語(yǔ)是名詞，則要采用倒裝語(yǔ)序；如果是人稱代詞則用一般語(yǔ)序。27.

50、誤 Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No， I dont hope so 正 Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?No， I hope not析 我不這樣想，可用 I dont think so 但 hope 的否定簡(jiǎn)答句只能用 I hope not 這是習(xí)慣用法。但這兩個(gè)詞的肯定簡(jiǎn)答句形是一樣的，如： I think so. I hope so28.誤 That is difficult for us to learn English well 正 It is difficult

51、for us to learn English well 析 It 這里的語(yǔ)法作用是形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式。形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)都要用 it 而不能用 that， 如： I think it difficult to learn English well it 在這句中是 think 的形式賓語(yǔ)。正誤辨析正誤辨析1、There a pencil box on the desk . A .is B. are C. has D. have答案 A.析 There be 句形中的 be 動(dòng)詞要看其后面離它最近的名詞而定，如： There are two books and a penci

52、l on the desk 但卻可以講 There is a pencil and two books on the desk2、Your brother came to see you， ?Adoes he Bdoesnt he Cdid he Ddidnt he 答案 D.析 前句是肯定句，后面反意疑問(wèn)句要用否定句，同時(shí) came 為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)用 didnt he3、 Its getting cloudy，?A. does it B. doesnt it C. is it D. isnt it答案 D.析 要區(qū)分s 是 has 還是 is， 這里由 getting 得出s 是is。4

53、、 _ keep me waiting so longA. Not B. Wont C. Dont D. Not to答案 C.析 Dont 動(dòng)詞原形為祈始句的否定句。5、Mr Green hasnt been to Beijing, ?Ahas he Bhasnt he Cdid he Ddidnt he答案 A.析 此句 has 是助動(dòng)詞與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。例題解析例題解析6、 You have your lunch at school, ?Ahave you Bhavent you Cdo you Ddont you 答案 D.析 這里的 have 是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞吃，而不是助動(dòng)詞。7

54、、 sunny day! Lets go out for a walkAHow a BHow CWhat a DWhat答案 C.析 這個(gè)感嘆句是個(gè)省略句，其真實(shí)的句子應(yīng)為 What a sunny day it is!8、 John likes listening to the radio， ?Adoes he Bdoesnt he Cdoesnt John Ddoes Johe答案 B.析 當(dāng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用代詞。9、Neither you nor I on the teamA. are B. were C. am D. is答案 C.析 由 neither nor 作連接詞作

55、主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與相臨近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng)。 10、 delicious food! Id like some moreAwhat a BHow a CWhat DHow答案 C.析 因 food 為不可數(shù)名詞。例題解析例題解析11、 there a cat under the chair?A. Are B. Is C. Has D. Have答案 B.析 這是 there be 句型的疑問(wèn)句。12、 - bad weather!- Yes， But its going to be fine soon， I thinkAHow BWhat a CWhat an DWhat答案 D.析 wea

56、ther 為不可數(shù)名詞。13、 Go and the TV quickly The volleyball match will begin right awayAturn off Bturn down Cturn up Dturn on 答案 D.析 這是個(gè)祈使句，它由 and 連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞。注意詞組搭配的不同含義。14、Lets go for some tea， ?Ashall we Bwill we Cdo we Ddont we答案 A.析 Lets go ， shall we? Let us go ， will you?這是兩個(gè)特殊的反意疑問(wèn)句。 15、Joans short， ?Aw

57、asnt she Bhasnt she Cisnt she Ddoesnt she答案 C.析 在此句中應(yīng)視s為is，而不是 has 或 was。 例題解析例題解析16 I dont know to read the wordAwhich Bwhat Cwhose Dhow答案 D.析 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物動(dòng)詞，已有自己的賓語(yǔ) the word， 所以應(yīng)用疑問(wèn)副詞 how。17 He didnt go to school， he was illAfor Bbut Cand Dso答案 A.析 這里是表示因果的關(guān)系，從句表示原因，所以用 for，放于句尾，且常常前面有

58、一個(gè)逗號(hào)。so 引起的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，如： He was only twelve， so he couldnt join the army18 The young woman can hardly ride a bike， she?Adoesnt Bdoes Ccant Dcan答案 D.析 hardly 為否定詞，所以應(yīng)視此句為否定句。其后的反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用肯定句。19 Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays， ?Adoes he Bdoesnt he Cisnt he Dis he答案 A.析 never 也是否定詞，所以應(yīng)將句子看作否定句。例題解析例

59、題解析20 Mother said to him， Dont on footballAspend too much time Bto spend too much time Cspend too many time Dto spend too many time答案 A.析 time 作為時(shí)間講為不可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用 much 來(lái)修飾。當(dāng)作次數(shù)講是可數(shù)名詞，如 three times 三次，而 Dont 這一句是祈使句的否定句。21 Mr White， together with some Japanese friends， visit our school this afternoonAare

60、going to Bis going to Chave Dhas答案 B.析 句子的主語(yǔ)是Mr White， 而together with 是伴隨狀況，不影響句子的主語(yǔ)。22 There is little water in the glass， ?Ais it Bis there Cisnt it Disnt there答案 B.析 這是 there be 句型的反意疑問(wèn)句。23 Ampere was thinking about a maths problem， ?Adidnt he Bwasnt he Cdid he Dis he答案 B.析 這是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的反意疑問(wèn)句。24 She ha