(完整word版)英美文學(xué)試題

1、1/11I.I.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatbestcompletethestatementandputtheletterinthebrackets.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethatbestcompletethestatementandputtheletterinthebrackets.1. _D_isnotthebestrepresentativeofth

2、eEnglishhumanistsintheEnglishhumanistsintheRenaissance.P9-line34A.ThomasmoreB.ChristopherMarloweC.WilliamShakespeareD.EdmundSpenser2. _D_doesnotbelongtoChristopherMarlowesplay.P20A.TamburlaineB.Dr.FaustusC.TheJewofMaltaD.HeroandLeander3. _B_isregardedasthepioneerofEnglishdrama.P22A.WilliamShakespear

3、eB.ChristopherMarloweC.EdmundSpenserD.JohnDonne4.AareShakespearestwonarrativepoems.P29A.VenusandAdonisB.TheTwoNobleKinsmenC.TheRapeoflucreceD.TheWintersTale5.EnglishRenaissancePeriodwasanageof_B_.A.proseandnovelB.poetryanddramaC.essaysandjournalsD.balladsandsongs6. ShallIcomparetheetoasummersday?Thi

4、sisthebeginninglineofShakespearesD.P37A.songsB.playsC.comediesD.sonnets7. Whichplayisnotacomedy?P30(D)A.AMidsummerNightsB.TheMerchantofVeniceC.TwelfthNightD.RomeoandJulietE.AsYouLikeIt8. In1847,theBronteSisterspublishedthefollowingfamousnovelsexcept_D.p256A.JaneEyreB.ShirleyC.WutheringHeightsD.TheTe

5、nantofWildfellHall9. In_Bshands,dramaticmonologuereachesitsmaturityandperfection.P283A.AlfredTennysonB.RobertBrowningC.WilliamsShakespeareD.GeorgeEliot10._C_isanaturalmediumforHamlettoreleasehisanguish.p34A.conversationB.speechC.soliloquyD.action11.TheRenaissanceisactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaserie

6、sofhistoricaleventsEXCEPTB.A.therediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureB.thevastexpansionofBritishcoloniesinNorthAmericaC.thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrologyD.thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion12.WilliamShakespeare,ChristopherMarloweand_DarethebestrepresentativesoftheEnglishhumanis

7、ts.2/11A.ErnestHemingwayB.EdgarAllanPoeD.TheSolitaryReaperA.EdmundSpenserB.FrancisBaconC.JohnMiltonD.ThomasMore13._B_isnotacomedy.A.AsYouLikeItB.RomeoandJulietC.AMidsummerNightDreamD.TheTwelfthNight14.MarlowesAisaplaybasedontheGermanlegendofamagicianaspiringforknowledgeandfinallymeetinghistragicenda

8、saresultofsellinghissoultotheDevil.P21A.Dr.FaustusB.TamburlaineC.TheJewofMaltaD.EdwardII15.Allthefollowingpoetsexcept_D_belongtothemetaphysicalschool.p64A.DonneB.HerbertC.MarvellD.Milton16.Thepublicationof_C_establishedEmersonasthemosteloquentspokesmanofNewEnglandtranscendentalism.A.NatureB.Self-rel

9、ianceC.TheAmericanScholarD.TheOver-soul17.AmericanRomanticismstartedwiththepublicationofAandendedwithLeavesofGrass.p399A.TheSketchBookB.NatureC.TheAlhambraD.LeatherstockingTales18.BeingaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature,the_B_periodisalsocalledtheAmericanRenaissance”.p399A.PuritanB.Roman

10、ticC.RealisticD.modern19.TheAmerican_C_asaculturalheritageexertedgreatinfluenceoverAmericanmoralvaluesandliterature.p401A.democracyB.idealC.PuritanismD.Romanticism20._D_isconsideredbyH.L.Menckenasthetruefatherofournationalliterature.P477C.WashingtonIrvingD.MarkTwainItisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,

11、thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfor-tune,mustbeinwantofawife.ThequotedpartistakenfromCA.JaneEyreB.WutheringHeightsC.PrideandPrejudiceD.SenseandSensibility22.AllofthefollowingpoemsbyWilliamWordswortharemasterpiecesonnatureEXCEPT_D“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”A.B.AnEveningWalkC.TinternAbbey3/1123.Allofth

12、efollowingarestreampf-consciousnessnovelsEXCEPTA.A.PilgrimageB.UlyssesC.Mrs.DallowayD.TessoftheDUrbervilles24.ShakespearesfourgreatesttragediesareC.p33A.RomeoandJuliet,Othello,KingLear,HamletB.Hamlet,Othello,Macbeth,TheMerchantofVeniceC.Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,MacbethD.RomeoandJuliet,TheMerchantofVe

13、nice,Othello,Hamlet25.AllofthefollowingnovelsbyDanielDefoearethefirstliteraryworksdevotedtothestudyofproblemsofthelower-classpeopleEXCEPTA.p9798A.RobinsonCrusoeB.CaptainSingletonC.MollFlandersD.ColonelJack26.AmongthethreemajorworksbyJohnMilton_D_isindeedtheonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliter

14、aturesinceBeowulf.P71A.ParadiseRegainedB.SamsonAgonistesC.LycidasD.ParadiseLost27.EnglishRomanticism,asahistoricalphaseofliterature,isgenerallysaidtohaveendedin1832withA.P157A.thepassageofthefirstReformBillintheParliamentB.thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridgesLyricalBalladsC.thepublicationofT.S.El

15、iotsThewasteLandD.thepassageoftheBillofRightsintheParliament28.Contrarytothetraditionalromanceofaristocrats,themodernEnglishnovelgivesarealisticpresentationoflifeofA.A.thecommonEnglishpeopleB.theupperclassC.therisingbourgeoisieD.theenterprisinglandlords29.HermanMelvillewrotehissemi-autobiographicaln

16、ovelRedburnconcerningthesufferingsofagenteelyouthamongbrutalsailors.P459A.TypeeB.RedburnC.Moby-DickD.Mardi30.Thedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.Thisiceberganisputforwardby_D.A.MarkTwain4/11B.EzraPoundC.WilliamFaulknerD.ErnestHemingway31.InmanyofHawthornesstoriesa

17、ndnovels,thePuritanconceptoflifeiscondemned,orthePuritanpastisshowninanalmosttotallynegativelight,especiallyinhisDandTheScarletLetter.P432A.Twice-ToldTalesB.TheBlithedaleRomanceC.TheMarbleFaunD.TheHouseoftheSevenGables32.Thewhitewhale,MobyDick,symbolizes_BforMelville,foritiscomplex,unfathomable,mali

18、gnant,andbeautifulaswell.P461A.societyB.natureC.oceananimalsD.humanbeing33.AftertheAmericanCivilWar,theliteraryinterestintheso-calledrealityoflifestartedanewperiodintheAmericanliterarywritingsknowantheAgeofA.P471A.RealismB.ReasonandRevolutionC.RomanticismD.Modernism34.Altogether,EmilyDickinsonwrote1

19、775poems,ofwhichonly_Chadappearedduringherlifetime.P517A.threeB.fiveC.sevenD.nine35.TheB BAgeofthe1920scharacterizedbyfrivolityandcarelessnessisbroughtvividlytolifeinTheGreatGatsby.P548A.LostB.JazzC.ReasonD.Gilded36.RobertFrostisgenerallyconsideredaregionalpoetwhosesubjectmattersmainlyfocusontheland

20、scapeandpeoplein_D.P561A.thewestB.thesouth5/11C.AlaskaD.NewEngland37.RealismwasareactionagainstRomanticismandpavedthewaytoA.P471A.ModernismB.ScientismC.Post-ModernismD.Feminism38.MarkTwainemployedanunpretentiousstyleof_C_inhisnovelswhichisbestdescribedasA.standardEnglishB.Afro-AmericanEnglishC.collo

21、quialismD.urbanism39.In1847,theBronteSisterspublishedthefollowingfamousnovelsexcept_D.A.JaneEyreB.ShirleyC.WutheringHeightsD.TheTenantofWildfellHall40.Theeighteenth-centuryEnglandisalsoknownastheAgeofEnlightenmentortheAgeof_B_.P80A.IntellectB.ReasonC.RationalityD.ScienceII.Topicdiscussion.II.Topicdi

22、scussion.Writenolessthan150wordsoneachofthefollowingtopicsinEnglishinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.1.1. HowisRomanticismdifferentfromNeoclassicism?Providebriefevidencefromtheliteraryworksyouknowbest.HowisRomanticismdifferentfromNeoclassicism?Providebriefevidencefromtheliteraryworksyouknowbes

23、t.新古典主義與浪漫主義有什么不同?從你知道最好的文學(xué)作品中提供簡(jiǎn)短的證據(jù)予以說(shuō)明。Neoclassicistsupheldthattheartisticidealsshouldbeorder,logic,restrainedemotionandaccuracy,andthatliteratureshouldbejudgedintermsofitsservicetohumanity,andthus,literaryexpressionsshouldbeofproportion,unity,harmonyandgrace.AlexanderPopesAnEssayonCriticismadvoc

24、atedgrace,wit(usuallythoughsatire/humor),andsimplicityinlanguage(andthepoemitselfisademonstrationofthoseideals,too),HenryFieldinghelpedestablishtheformofnovel;GraysElegyWritteninCountryChurchyarddisplayseleganceinstyle,unifiedstructure,serioustoneandmoralinstructions.Romanticiststendedtoseetheindivi

25、dualastheverycenterofallexperience,includingart,andthus,literaryworkshouldbespontaneousoverflowofstrongfeelingsandnomatterhowfragmentarythoseexperiencesare(WordsworthsIWanderedLonelyasaCloudorTheSolitaryReapercColeridgesKebleKhan),thevalueoftheworklieintheaccuracyofpresentingthoseuniquefeelingsandpa

26、rticularattitudes.Inaword,NeoclassicismemphasizedrationalityandformbutRomanticismattachedgreatimportancetotheindividualsmind.新古典主義堅(jiān)持理想的藝術(shù)應(yīng)該是秩序，邏輯，情感的克制和準(zhǔn)確性，而文學(xué)作品的，應(yīng)判定其為人類服務(wù)，因此，應(yīng)該是文學(xué)表達(dá)的比例，團(tuán)結(jié)，和諧，教皇grace.Alexander的一篇文章批評(píng)倡導(dǎo)的寬限期，機(jī)智(通常是諷刺/幽默)，和簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言和詩(shī)本身是這些理想的演示，太，亨利菲爾丁的湯姆瓊斯幫助建立形式新穎；寫灰色的悲歌在國(guó)家墓地顯示優(yōu)雅的風(fēng)格，統(tǒng)一的結(jié)

27、構(gòu)，嚴(yán)肅的口氣和道德指令。浪漫主義者往往以看個(gè)人的非常中心的所有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，包括藝術(shù)，并因此，文學(xué)作品應(yīng)該是“自發(fā)溢出的強(qiáng)烈的感情”，并不管如何零碎的這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)是（華茲華斯的，我逛到孤獨(dú)云或本孤獨(dú)的割麥女或柯勒律治的基布爾汗），謊稱工作的價(jià)值在提出這些獨(dú)特的感受和態(tài)度，特別是的準(zhǔn)確性?？傊?，新古典主義強(qiáng)調(diào)理性和形式，但浪漫主義高度重視個(gè)人的心靈。2.2.WhatisyourunderstandingoftheRenaissance?WhatisyourunderstandingoftheRenaissance?你理解的文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期是什么？P479vernacular”6/11ThisRenaissan

28、cemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17thcenturies.ItfirststartedfromItalyandthenspreadalloverEurope.TheRenaissance,whichmeansrebirthorrevival,isactuallyamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomanand

29、Greekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.TheRenaissance,therefore,inessence,isahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinte

30、restsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.這座文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的過(guò)渡標(biāo)志著從中世紀(jì)到現(xiàn)代世界。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，它是指期間14和中旬17世紀(jì)之間。它首先從意大利開始，然后傳遍歐洲各地。文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，這意味著“重生”或“復(fù)興”，實(shí)際上是由一系列歷史事件，如古希臘和羅馬文化的再發(fā)現(xiàn)刺激的運(yùn)動(dòng)，地理占星術(shù)，的宗教reformance和經(jīng)濟(jì)的新發(fā)現(xiàn)擴(kuò)張。文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，因此，在本質(zhì)上，是一個(gè)歷史時(shí)期，歐洲的人文主義思想家和學(xué)者試圖擺脫那些舊的封建

31、主義思想在中世紀(jì)的歐洲，引入新的理念，表達(dá)了新興資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的利益，并收回早期教會(huì)的純度從羅馬天主教會(huì)的腐敗。3.3.Discussthehistoricalandsocio-culturalbackgroundandtheliterarycharacteristicsofAmericanRomanticism.Discussthehistoricalandsocio-culturalbackgroundandtheliterarycharacteristicsofAmericanRomanticism.討論美國(guó)浪漫主義的歷史和社會(huì)文化背景，以及它的文學(xué)特征。Background:Backgrou

32、nd:1.AmericanpioneershadpushedthefrontierlineofsettlementbeyondtheMississippitothewest,whichhasrisenasasectionalpowertochallengethepoliticaldominanceoftheEastandtheSouth.2.Before1860,theUnitedStateshadbeguntochangeintoanindustrialandurbansociety.3.TheriseofNationalism4.Historically,timeofwestwardexp

33、ansion;5.Economically,industrialtransformation6.Politically,democracyandequalityastheidealofthenewnation,andthetwo-partysystemcameintobeing.7.Literarily,anurgetohaveitsownliteraryexpressionandtomakeknownitsnewexperience1.美國(guó)拓荒者曾推動(dòng)解決邊境線跨越密西西比河的西部，具有挑戰(zhàn)的東方政治優(yōu)勢(shì)、南部的一個(gè)部門的權(quán)力上升。2。1860之前，美國(guó)已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)工業(yè)和城市社會(huì)。3,民

34、族主義的崛起。4。從歷史上看，西進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)間；5經(jīng)濟(jì)，產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型。6。在政治上，民主和平等的新的國(guó)家的理想，和兩個(gè)政黨制度應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。7。文學(xué)上，要有自己的文學(xué)表達(dá)，并使其新的經(jīng)驗(yàn)Literarycharacteristics:Literarycharacteristics:Romanticism,Transcendentalism浪漫主義，超驗(yàn)主義文學(xué)白勺特，點(diǎn)TheRomanticPeriod,oneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Romanticismhavebeenseenasakeymovementint

35、heCounter-Enlightenment,areactionagainsttheAgeofEnlightenment.WhereasthethinkersoftheEnlightenmentemphasizedtheprimacyofdeductivereason,Romanticismemphasizedintuition,imagination,andfeeling.1)Strongsenseoptimismgivingbirthtothespectacularoutburstofromanticfeeling;2)TheimpactofEnglishRomanticism;3)Am

36、ericasownphilosophyTranscendentalism;4)Moralenthusiasm,faithinthevalueofindividualismandintuitiveperceptionandapresumptionthatnaturewasasourceofgoodness浪漫主義時(shí)期，一個(gè)在美國(guó)文學(xué)史上最重要的時(shí)期。浪漫主義被視為反啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵，對(duì)啟蒙時(shí)代的反應(yīng)。而啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的思想家強(qiáng)調(diào)演繹推7/11理的絕對(duì)性，浪漫主義強(qiáng)調(diào)直覺，想象力，情感，1)強(qiáng)烈的樂(lè)觀主義誕生的浪漫感覺的壯觀的爆發(fā)；2)英國(guó)浪漫主義的影響；3)美國(guó)播種哲學(xué)的超驗(yàn)主義；4)的道德熱情，在個(gè)人

37、主義和直覺的價(jià)值信念和假設(shè)，自然是善的源4.4.GiveasummaryabouttheEnglandliteratureintheRenaissanceperiod.GiveasummaryabouttheEnglandliteratureintheRenaissanceperiod.總結(jié)一下在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的英國(guó)文學(xué)。EnglishliteratureintheRenaissanceperiodisusuallyregardedasthehighlightinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.ItwasnotuntilthereignofHenryVIII(from

38、1509to1547)thattheRenaissancereallybegantoshowitseffectinEngland.WithHenryVIIIsencouragement,theOxfordreformers,scholarsandhumanistsintroducedclassicalliteraturetoEngland.Education,basedupontheclassicsandtheBible,wasrevitalized,andliterature,alreadymuchreadduringthe15thcentury,becameevenmorepopular.

39、ThusbegantheEnglishRenaissance,whichwasEnglandsGoldenAge,especiallyinliterature.AmongtheliterarygiantswereShakespeare,Spenser,Jonson,Sidney,Marlowe,BaconandDonne.Attitudesandfeelingswhichhadbeencharacteristicofthe14thand15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismandReformation.Englishliteratu

40、redevelopedwithagreatspeedmadeamagnificentachievement.在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的英國(guó)文學(xué)通常被認(rèn)為是英國(guó)文學(xué)史上的突出。直到亨利八世在位期間(15091547),英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期真的開始顯示其效果。亨利八世的鼓勵(lì)下，牛津改革者，學(xué)者和人道主義者介紹到英國(guó)古典文學(xué)。教育，基于經(jīng)典和圣經(jīng)，復(fù)興，文學(xué)，已經(jīng)多讀在第十五世紀(jì)，成為更受歡迎。因此，英國(guó)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的開始，這是英格蘭的黃金時(shí)期，特別是在文學(xué)。文學(xué)巨匠莎士比亞，斯賓塞，瓊森，西德尼,馬洛，培根和多恩。的態(tài)度和感情已在第十四和第十五世紀(jì)的特點(diǎn)一直延續(xù)到人文主義與宗教改革時(shí)代。英國(guó)文學(xué)的發(fā)展取得了輝煌

41、成就一個(gè)偉大的速度。Inliteraryterms,thestudyoftheclassicalpoetslednotonlytotheirtranslationintoEnglishbuttheadaptationoftheirverseverseformsandsystemsofpoeticalmetremetre,aswellastheembracingoftheirthemesandgenresgenres.AnillustrationofthelinguisticexplosioncausedbytheRenaissanceistheadditionofmorethan10,000n

42、ewwordstothelanguageinashortspaceoftime,mainlyfromLatin.TheRenaissancealsoledtoarebirthofclassicalhumanism,whichencouragedknowledgeofthearts,languages,andagenerallybroadandactiveeducation.Thisledtoagreatspiritofconfidenceandtheurgetoexplorethepotentialthatlanguage,literature,andphilosophycouldoffera

43、ndtheheightsthathumanscouldreach.在文學(xué)方面，對(duì)古典詩(shī)歌的研究不僅導(dǎo)致他們翻譯成英文，但他們的詩(shī)歌形式和詩(shī)歌格律系統(tǒng)的適應(yīng)性，以及擁抱他們的主題和體裁。在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期造成的語(yǔ)言爆炸的一個(gè)例證是超過(guò)10000個(gè)新單詞，在很短的時(shí)間空間的語(yǔ)言外，主要是從拉丁語(yǔ)。文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期也導(dǎo)致了古典人文主義的復(fù)興，這鼓勵(lì)的藝術(shù)語(yǔ)言，知識(shí)，和廣泛的和積極的教育。這導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)巨大的信心和渴望探索，語(yǔ)言，文學(xué)和哲學(xué)精神的潛力，可以提供與人類能夠達(dá)到的高度。5.5.WhatsthethemeofHaml6WWhatsthethemeofHaml6W合姆雷特”的主題是什么？Histrage

44、diesoftenportraysomenobleherowhofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadifficultsituationwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewholenation.Theheroeshavesomeweaknessesintheircharacters,whichfinallyleadtotheirtragicfalls.ShakespeareputsforwardtheimageofHamletasahumanistoftheRenaissance.Hehasan

45、unboundedlovefortheworld,natureandman;helovesgood,hatesevil,andisfreefrommedievalprejudicesandsuperstitions,heshowsacontemptforrankandwealth;heisamanofgenius,highlyaccomplishedandeducated;heisascholar,soldier,andstatesman.HisimagereflectstheversatilityofthemanoftheRenaissance.Hisweaknessishismelanch

46、oly,butinspiteofhismelancholyanddelayinaction,Hamletstillretainshisactiveenergy.Hislearning,wisdom,noblenature,limitationandtragedyareallrepresentativeofthehumanistsattheturnofthe16thand17thcenturies.他的悲劇經(jīng)常描繪一些高尚的英雄，誰(shuí)面臨的不公正人類生活陷入困難的情況下，其命運(yùn)與整個(gè)國(guó)家的命運(yùn)是緊密相連的。英雄有自己的角色的一些弱點(diǎn)，最終導(dǎo)致了他們的悲慘瀑布。提出了莎士比亞的哈姆雷特形象作為人文主

47、義的文藝復(fù)興。他有一個(gè)世界，自然和人為的無(wú)限的愛，他愛的好，討厭邪惡的，是免費(fèi)的，從中世紀(jì)的偏見和迷信，他顯示了地位和財(cái)富的蔑視，他是一個(gè)天才的人，高度完成教育；他是一個(gè)學(xué)者，戰(zhàn)士和政治家。他形象地8/11反映了文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的人的多功能性。他的弱點(diǎn)是他的憂郁，但盡管他的憂郁和行動(dòng)中的延退，哈姆雷特仍保留著他的積極的能量。他的學(xué)習(xí)，智慧，高貴的性質(zhì)，限制和悲劇在16世紀(jì)和17世紀(jì)之交的所有代表的人文主義。6.6.WhatsthedifferencebetweenthetraditionalandthepresentthethemeoftheplayTWhatsthedifferencebetwe

48、enthetraditionalandthepresentthethemeoftheplayT?eMerchantol?eMerchantol戲劇“威尼斯商人”傳統(tǒng)的和目前的主題的區(qū)別是什么？ThetraditionalthemeoftheplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew.Manypeopletodaytendtore

49、gardtheplayasasatireoftheChristianshypocrisyandtheirfalsestandardsoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainstJews.傳統(tǒng)題材的主題是贊美安東尼奧和巴薩尼奧之間的友誼，將女主波西亞這個(gè)美女理想化，贊頌了她的智慧和忠誠(chéng)度，并揭露貪得無(wú)厭和殘酷的猶太人。今天，許多人傾向于把該劇作為基督徒的虛偽和虛假的友誼和愛情的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，他們狡猾的方式追求世俗和不通情理的對(duì)猶太人的偏見的諷刺。7.7.Whyish

50、umanismtheessenceoftheRenaissance?WhyishumanismtheessenceoftheRenaissance?為什么人文主義是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的精髓?HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ItsprangfromtheendeavortorestoreamedievalreverencefortheantiqueauthorsandisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,fortheGreekandRoman

51、civilizationwasbasedonsuchaconceptionthatmanisthemeasureofallthings.Throughthenewlearning,humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendorandenlightenment,butthehumanvaluesrepresentedintheworks.Inthemedievalsociety,peopleasindividualswerelargelysubordinatedtothefeudalistrulewithoutanyfreedomandindependence;andi

52、nmedievaltheology,peoplesrelationshipstotheworldaboutthemwerelargelyreducedtoaproblemofadaptingtotheworldaboutthemwerelargelyreducedtoaproblemofadaptingtooravoidingthecircumstancesofearthlylifeinanefforttopreparetheirsoulsafuturelife.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepres

53、entlife,theyvoicetheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoprefecthimselfandtoperformwonders.HumanismistheessenceofRenaissance.Humanistsseethathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfection,andthattheworldtheyinhab

54、itedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,exploreandenjoy.Theyalsobelievethatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwonders人文主義是文藝復(fù)興的本質(zhì)。人文主義者認(rèn)為人類是崇高的生命能夠在不斷發(fā)展完善，和他們所居住的世界是他們不是鄙視但質(zhì)疑，探索和享受。他們還認(rèn)為，人不僅要享受生活的美好，但必須完善自己并執(zhí)行奇跡的能力8.8. Whatsthethemeandimage

55、ryofThomasGraysfamouspoemElegyWritteninaCountryChuWhatsthethemeandimageryofThomasGraysfamouspoemElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard.rchyard.托馬斯格雷的著名長(zhǎng)詩(shī)“挽歌在教堂墓地”的主題和象征是什么？Inthispoem,Grayreflectsondeath,thesorrowsoflife,andthemysteriesofhumanlifewithatouchofhispersonalmelancholy.Thepoetcomparesthecommonfo

56、lkwiththegreatones,wonderingwhatthecommonscouldhaveachievediftheyhadhadthechance.Hereherevealshissympathyforthepoorandtheunknown,butmocksthegreatoneswhodespisethepoorandbringhavoconthem.Thepoemonceandforallestablishedhisfameastheleaderofthesentimentalpoetryoftheday,especiallytheGraveyardSchool.Hispo

57、ems,asawhole,aremostlydevotedtoasentimenta9/11llamentationormeditationonlife,pastandpresent.ThepoemaboundsinimagesandarousessentimentinthebosomofeveryreaderandithasbeenrankedamongthebestoftheeighteenthcenturyEnglishpoetry.在這首詩(shī)中，格雷的反映了死亡，生命的痛苦，和觸摸自己的私人生活的人類生命的奧秘。詩(shī)人把平民百姓和大的人，在想什么,下議院就取得了如果他們有機(jī)會(huì)。在這里，他揭

58、示了他對(duì)窮人的和未知的同情，但嘲笑偉大的那些瞧不起窮人和他們帶來(lái)的破壞。這首詩(shī)一旦和所有他的成名作為一天的感傷詩(shī)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，特別是挽歌”。他的詩(shī)，作為一個(gè)整體，主要致力于對(duì)生活的一種感傷哀悼或冥想，過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在。這首詩(shī)有豐富的圖像和引起情緒的每一位讀者的懷里，它已名列前茅的第十八世紀(jì)英國(guó)詩(shī)歌III.III.Readthefollowing3quotedpartscarefullyandanswerthequestions.Readthefollowing3quotedpartscarefullyandanswerthequestions.1.1. ShallIcomparetheetoasumme

59、rsday?ShallIcomparetheetoasummersday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,AndsummersleasehathalltooshortadateAndsummersleasehathalltooshortadateQuestions:Questions:A.A.Identifytheauthorandthetitl

60、eofthepoem.Identifytheauthorandthetitleofthepoem.確定這首詩(shī)的作者和標(biāo)題TheauthorisWilliamShakespeare.ThetitleofthepoemisSonnet18. B.B.Whatrhetoricaldeviceisusedinthesefourlines?Whatrhetoricaldeviceisusedinthesefourlines?在這四行詩(shī)中使用了什么修辭手段？Metaphorandpersonificationareusedinthissonnet.這首十四行詩(shī)中使用隱喻和人格化C.C.Analyzethe