非謂語動詞教案

1、-高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞非謂語動詞適用學(xué)科高中英語適用年級高二、三年級適用區(qū)域全國-人教版課時時長分鐘120分鐘知識點1.非謂語動詞的根本含義，形式2.非謂語動詞的三種形式在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞纸虒W(xué)目標(biāo)1. 通過模仿、操練和觀察，學(xué)會演繹和歸納定語從句的根底知識。 2. 能夠在真實的交際環(huán)境中正確應(yīng)用非謂語動詞3. 復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞根本知識，確保學(xué)生能夠熟練使用非謂語動詞教學(xué)重點1. 非謂語動詞三種形式用法區(qū)別2. 分詞、不定式作狀語、定語、補語的用法3. 動名詞作主語、賓語的用法 4. 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞及不定式的用法區(qū)別教學(xué)難點現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、動名詞及不定式的用

2、法區(qū)別概述1.謂語動詞：在句子中擔(dān)任謂語的動詞2. 非謂語動詞：是動詞的特殊形式不定式、動名詞、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞，不能單獨作謂語，在句中可以作除謂語外的所有成分主語、賓語、狀語等等3.非謂語動詞使用條件一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句謂語動詞,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but /andleft her handbag on her seat.（1） 動詞不定式在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?判斷下劃線局部充當(dāng)什么成分。 1. To see y

3、ou is glad. =Its glad to see you. _ 2. I want to see you. _ 3. I want him to see you. _ 4. My hope is to see you. _ 5. He is the man to see you. _ 6. Im glad to see you. _ 7. I went to see you. _ 8. He went home, only to find the bus had gone. _(1) 作主語。 To see once is better than to hear a hundred t

4、imes. 百聞不如一見 To make money is not the only purpose of our life.賺錢不是我們生活的唯一目的 在很多情況下，常用it 來充當(dāng)動詞不定式的形式主語。 例如：It is important for us to learn English very well.對我們來說學(xué)好英語是非常重要的。(2)作動詞的賓語，常用在以下動詞后：Help(幫助，hope希望)，ask(問，refuse拒絕，decide決定，promise容許，wish希望，pretend假裝，e*pect期望，want想要，need(需要，arrange安排，learn學(xué)會

5、，plan方案，demand要求，dare敢于，manage管理，agree同意，prepare準(zhǔn)備，fail失敗，determine決定，offer提供，choose選擇，desire渴望，elect選舉，long渴望，happen發(fā)生，seem看起來)例如：Hemanagedtopassthee*am.他成功地通過了考試。 Hepromisedtobehereatnine.他容許9點鐘到這兒。 Ididnte*pecttoseeyouhere.我沒有料到在這兒見到你。We agreedhere but so far she hasn't turned up yet. A.havin

6、g metB.meeting C.to meetD.to have met在*些復(fù)合賓語中，用it做形式賓語，而把不定式放到后面去。例如：Heconsidereditbettertoleavenow.他認(rèn)為最好現(xiàn)在就離開。Ifounditimpossibletofinishtheworkontime.我發(fā)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)時完成這項工作是不可能的。(3) 作賓語補足語 動詞+sb. (not)to do sth.)主語 + ask(詢問 / require要求 / request請求/tell告訴 / order要求 / force 強迫/ get使 / want想要/ like喜歡/advise建議/al

7、low同意/consider認(rèn)為/ encourage鼓勵/forbid(制止/intend打算、意圖/permit允許/persuade說服/remind提醒/urge催促/warn警告/wish希望+sb. (not)to do sth.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him. A.not toB.not to do C.not do itD.do not toThe patient was warnedoily food after the operation. A. to eat

8、 not B. eating notC. not to eat D. not eatingMy advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me takingB. me taking C. for me to takeD. me to take在有些使役動詞及感官動詞后可用省略to的動詞不定式let,make,have,hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watcheg.Theteacheroftenmakesmerewritetheposition.教師常常讓我把作文重寫。將該

9、句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)：Iamoftenmadebytheteachertorewritetheposition.Paul doesn't have to be made.He always works hard.A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning(4)作定語常置于名詞之后。由only,last,ne*t，best等序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語;He is the last person to leave school.他是最后一個離開教室的人Idontthinkheisthebestmantodothejob.我想他不是做這項工作的最

10、正確人選。不定式還可用作*些名詞或代詞的賓語ability(能力,attempt嘗試,chance時機,curiosity好奇,desire好奇心,decision決定,determination決心,effort影響,failure,失敗 intentionon意圖,need需要,opportunity時機,place地方,plan方案,promise承諾,reason原因,right權(quán)利 Something一些事 ,anything任何事,everything所有事, nothing沒什么事 例如:Ihavenodesiretotravel.我沒有去旅游的欲望Youllfindsometh

11、ingtointerestyouhere.在這兒你會發(fā)現(xiàn)一些感興趣的東西注：動詞不定式to后所接動詞假設(shè)是不及物動詞，而不定式與其修飾的動詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，這個不定式后就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。例如：I havent decided which hotel to stay at. 我還沒有決定好呆在哪一個旅館 I found no one to play with. 我沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)可以玩的人(5)作狀語 I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down. 我在冰上慢慢走不至于跌倒 (表目的)I rushed to the station, only

12、to find the bus had left. 我沖到車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)車已經(jīng)開了(表結(jié)果) He tried only to fail. 他嘗試了結(jié)果沒有成功表結(jié)果 She was happy to hear the news. 他聽到消息很快樂(表原因) 不定式常用于修飾以下形容詞: able,afraid,angry, an*ious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, l

13、ikely, lucky, quick, ready, right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong .例如：French is difficult to learn. 法語難學(xué)。 Im sorry to interrupt you.打攪你很抱歉You were silly not _ your car. (2004高考卷)A. to lockB. to have lockedC. lockingD. having lockedHelen had to shout _ above

14、 the sound of the music. (2004高考*卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard(6)作獨立副詞成分 例如：To speak frankly(坦誠地說, I dont like your attitude. To speak generally一般說來, I get up at 7 oclock.(7)與疑問詞連用。疑問代詞who, what, which和疑問副詞when, where, how等后加動詞不定式，構(gòu)成

15、不定式短語，可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分。 例如：When to start has not been decided.什么時候出發(fā)還沒 I dont know how to use the puter.我不知道怎么用電腦 My question is how to learn English well.我的問題是怎樣學(xué)好英語注：在有些動詞后常用疑問詞+動詞不定式的構(gòu)造。這類動詞有：know,ask,tell,show,wonder,consider,understand,learn,instruct,guess,see,e*plain,discover, imagine,think,h

16、ear等。例如：Hedidntknowwhattodone*t.IhaventdecidedwhethertogotoJapan.我沒有決定是否到日本去。I've worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job.Ae*pected Bto e*pectCto be e*pecting De*pects The mother didn' t know _to blame for the broken glass as it happened while shewas out. A. who B. when C.

17、 how D. what不定式的復(fù)合構(gòu)造由for+名詞或代詞+動詞不定式構(gòu)成的復(fù)合構(gòu)造在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、狀語等。ItisnecessaryforyoutofinishtheworkbeforeFriday.你們有必要在星期五前做完這項工作。Hisideaisforustotravelindifferentcars.他的主意是讓我們乘不同的車去旅游。由of引出的不定式復(fù)合構(gòu)造，經(jīng)常與以下形容詞連用：bold,brave,careless,civil,clever,courageous,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,rash,right,rude,stupi

18、d,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong,wise等。(通常表示人物性格的詞例如：Itskindofyoutosayso.Itsbraveofyoutogointotheburningbuildingtosavethebaby!你真勇敢，沖進(jìn)著火的大樓里救這個嬰兒不帶to的動詞不定式(1)在以下構(gòu)造后常用不帶to的動詞不定式：hadbetter,wouldrather,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut等。例如：Idbettergonow,orIllmissthetrain.Theycannotbutaccepthisadv

19、ice.我只好承受他的建議。(2)在e*cept,but之前有動詞do作實義動詞，則e*cept,but后一般接不帶to的動詞不定式，反之則接帶to的動詞不定式。例如：Wehavenochoicebuttowait.我們除了等待別無選擇(我們只好等待).Thereisnochoicebuttogothere.我們別無選擇只能去那里我們只好去那里Thereisnothingtodobutreadabook.這里沒什么事可做的，只能看書(3)在why,whynot構(gòu)造中，緊接其后的動詞不定式不帶to例如：Whyarguewithhim?為什么與他爭吵. Whynotsendthosebooksba

20、ck?為什么不把那些書送回去.(4)同一構(gòu)造并列由and或or連接。I want to finish my homework and (to )go home.Im really puzzled what to think or (to)say.（2） 動名詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞峙袛嘞聞澗€局部充當(dāng)什么成分。 1. Swimming is his favourite sport. _ 2. He enjoys swimming. _ 3. His favourite sport is swimming._(1)作主語例如：Askingforhelpissometimesnecessary.請求幫助有

21、時是必要的。Eatingtoomuchisnotgoodforyourhealth.吃得太多對你的安康不利。(2)作補語、表語例如：Seeingisbelieving.做表語眼見為實Wecallsuchanactcheating.做補語我們稱這樣的行為為作弊/欺騙行為。(3)作以下及物動詞及詞組的的賓語動詞：mind(介意，finish完成，enjoy享受，practice練習(xí), suggest建議，permit同意，appreciate贊賞，consider認(rèn)為，miss錯過，dislike不喜歡，keep(on)堅持，avoid防止，imagine想象，risk冒險，escape逃離，ad

22、mit成認(rèn)，stand(忍受)，allow同意，forbid制止，e*cuse打攪，without沒有等等。短語動詞：giveup放棄，putoff推遲，lookforwardto期望，feellike想要，insiston堅持，objectto反對，preventfrom阻止*事不被.)，setabout(開場，can'thelp不禁，忍不住，be/getusedto習(xí)慣于what about、how about(做.怎么樣、be fond of喜歡、be good at擅長于等；短語：beworthdoing(值得做*事，benogooddoing做*事沒好處，benousedoi

23、ng做*事沒用，bebusydoing忙于做*事等例如：Themotherdidagreetolettheboyriskswimmingacrosstheriver.冒險游過河Hiswifedoesn'tallowsmokinginsidetheroombutallowshimtosmokeoutsidethe room.他的妻子不允許在室抽煙，但是允許他在室外抽。Alloftheminsistedonmystayingwiththemafewdayslonger.他們都堅持讓我跟他們多呆久一點。I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.我希望

24、很快收到你的來信。Shedoesn'tfeellikeeatinganything.不想吃任何東西。另在want,need,require等動詞后，常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動的意思主語與動名詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。例如：Myhairneedscutting.(=Myhairneedstobecut.)You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regretthat.A.to doB.to be doing C.to have done D.having doneI must apolo

25、gize for _ ahead of time. That's all right.A.letting you not knowB.not letting you knowC.letting you know notD.letting not you knowOne learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct(5)作定語。它與被修飾詞之間沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，通常只表示用途或與所修飾的名詞有關(guān)的動作。例如：Thefactorybuiltas

26、wimmingpoollastyear.游泳池Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.教學(xué)方法(6) 作同位語。例如：Hishobby,makingmodelairplanes,isveryinteresting.動名詞的復(fù)合構(gòu)造動名詞的復(fù)合構(gòu)造由物主代詞或名詞所有格+動名詞構(gòu)成。如果不是在句子開頭，這種構(gòu)造?？梢杂擅~的普通格或人稱代詞賓格+動名詞構(gòu)成，在句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：Doyoumindmyclosingthedoor?Doyoumindmeclosingthedoor?Myclosingthedoormadehimangry.Icantst

27、andLaoChangstalkinglikethataboutotherrades.Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able     B. him not to be ableC. his not being able     D. him to be not able動名詞的*些固定構(gòu)造(1)Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteofti

28、me,abore.)等名詞+doingsth. Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反對也沒有用。 Itisawasteoftimetryingtoe*plain設(shè)法解釋是浪費時間。(2) Itis+useless+doingsth Itisuselessspeaking.光說沒用。(3) Thereisno+v-ing “是不可能的。(it is impossible to do ) Thereisnoknowinghowoldsheis.(=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.) Thereisnotell

29、ingwhereshesgone. (4)makeapointof+doing “認(rèn)為是必要的 OurfamilymakeapointofgoingtochurcheverySunday(5) beonthepointof+doing “瀕臨，將要 Hewasonthepointofleaving.(6) on(upon)+doing “一就Onhearingthenews,Ichangedmyplans.(=AssoonasIheardthenews,Ichangedmyplans.)(7)go+doing(大局部指運動和游戲)例如：Hewentshopping

30、/hiking/swimming/fishingetc.(8)動名詞短語常用在以下構(gòu)造中havedifficulty(in)+doingsthhavetrouble(in)+doingsthhavefun(in)+doingsth/haveagoodtime(in)+doingsth/haveahardtime(in)+doingsthWehavegreatdifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.我們解決這個問題有困難。(9) feellike+名詞“想要=wouldliketo+原形動詞例如：Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看電影嗎?(三)分

31、詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?1)作定語。作定語的分詞如果是單個分詞，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語則放在所修飾的名詞后面。在用作定語時，分詞在意思上接近一個定語從句。Theboringsnowmadetheboredboysgohome.Chinaisadevelopingsocialistcountry.開展中的社會主義國家Themanwritingthehomeworkismyfriend.(=Themanwhoiswritingthehomework ismyfriend.)Thebrokenglassscatteredontheground.破杯注：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞都可作定語，但現(xiàn)在分詞

32、表達(dá)的是正在進(jìn)展的事情，有主動意義；而過去分詞表示的是已完成的事情，有被動意義。Falling leaves 正在飄落的樹葉表主動、表進(jìn)展 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落下的葉子表完成(2)賓語補足語。能帶分詞作賓補的動詞常見的有see,hear,keep,find,notice,watch,think,want,smell,observe等。Ifoundhimreadinganovel.在讀小說(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語)Ifoundhimsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.一群孩子包圍著(過去分詞作賓語補足語)(3) 作表語。分詞做表語有兩種，一種是過去分詞做表語，一

33、種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語。表示“*人或物令人.的用現(xiàn)在分詞“ing形式；表示“人感到.的用過去分詞“ed形式Interesting 令人感到快樂的 interested 人感到快樂的E*citing 令人感到?jīng)_動的 e*cited 人感到?jīng)_動的Surprising 令人感到驚奇的 surprised 人感到驚奇的類似的詞還有：delighting快樂的、 satisfying滿足的、disappointing失望的、encouraging鼓舞人心的、pleasing快樂的、puzzling(費解的、worrying焦慮的Eg. Travelling is interesting but tiring

34、. Students will get confused if they learn too much. Im interested in this interesting book.(4)作狀語。分詞作狀語可以表示時間,原因,條件,結(jié)果,伴隨,讓步情況。作時間狀語分詞作狀語前面可加when, while等：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. Havingfinished the homework，I went home.(有先后的時間關(guān)系， 可加after作原因狀語分詞作狀語前面可加because,as等：Be

35、ingshortofmoney,Idecidedtoapplyforthework.Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a noteSeriouslyinjured,Allenwasrushedtothehospital.Tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.= _, he soon fell asleep.in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To los

36、e by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm .AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted 作條件狀語分詞作狀語可加if，unless等：(If) goingtherebyplane,wellhavetopaytwiceasmuch.(Unles) askedtoanswerquestions,thepupilswerenotsupposedtotalkinMrsSmithscla

37、ss.作結(jié)果狀語分詞做狀語可加and，thus)：Thehusband was dead, leaving his wife alone.He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.European football is played in 80 countries,_it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.make D.to make作伴隨狀語：He came to the room, singing and dancingThe girls came in, fol

38、lowing their parents."Can't you read it?" Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed   D. and angrily pointingThe teacher came in, followed by some students.=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.作讓步狀語：Though raining heavil

39、y, it cleared up very soon. 分詞的特殊構(gòu)造獨立主格有時分詞的邏輯主語與主句主語不一致，這時分詞須帶上自身的主語，這種構(gòu)造稱為獨立主格構(gòu)造。這種構(gòu)造在句中多作伴隨狀語。亦可用來表示時間、原因、條件等。Weatherpermitting,wewillgoout.=ifweatherpermits,we will go out.Theteacherhavingfinishedthelesson,thestudentslefttheclassroom.with或without+名詞或代詞+分詞的復(fù)合構(gòu)造常用作補充說明或表示伴情況。例如：Hefellasleepwiththe

40、lampburning.*些固定構(gòu)造generally/franklyspeaking ,judgingfrom/by 中，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種構(gòu)造只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個動詞。例如：Judgingbyhisdress,heesfromawealthyfamily.從他的衣著判斷Franklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.坦率地說四非謂語動詞的比較1做主語賓語：一般來說，不定式和動名詞成份一樣時，表示客觀性、一般性行為多用動名詞表示，而表示一次性、具體性行為則多用不定式。Lookingafterchildrenisherjob.照看小孩是她的工作一般性Tocleantheclassroomishisjobtoday.清掃教室具體性Ilikeswimming,butIdon'tliketoswimtodaybecauseIdon'tfeelwell.注意：1begin和start本身為進(jìn)展時，或后面動詞為心理變化意義的動詞時，須接不定式。Whenwecamein,theywerebeginningtohavesupper.Afterhise*planati