2020浙江中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破訓(xùn)練：Test19

1、Test 19見(jiàn)學(xué)生活頁(yè) 73、完形填空（本題有 15 小題，每小題 1 分，共計(jì) 15 分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。話(huà)題：人際交往體裁：議論文 難度：詞數(shù)：281 建議用時(shí)：15 分鐘【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文是一篇議論文。作者認(rèn)為，批評(píng)別人是一種無(wú)用且愚蠢的行為，它不但會(huì)招致別人的不滿(mǎn)和反駁，而且對(duì)解決問(wèn)題沒(méi)有任何幫助。作者建議我們更多地去理解別人。John Wanamake，founder of the stores that use his nam,eonce said, “ I learnedthirty years ago that

2、 it is foolish to criticize（批評(píng)）.”Wan amaker lear ned this less on ear，_1_ I pers on ally had to walk through thisold world for thirty years _2_ it even began to tell me that people dont _3themselves for anything, no matter how wrong it may be.Criticism is 4_ because it puts a person on the defensive

3、（防衛(wèi)的）and _5_makes him try to justify（為.辯護(hù)）himself.Criticism is dangerous, because itwounds a persons _6 _ hurts his sense of importanee and causes hate.B. F.Skinner，the world-famous scientist, _7_ through his experiments that anani mal rewarded（獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)）for good behavior will learn much more _8- tha n an

4、ani malpuni shed for bad behavior.Later studies have _9_ that the same applies（適用于）to humans.By criticizing，we do not make lasting changes and often cause hate.Hans Selye， another great scientist，said， “ As much as we10_ forapproval（贊同），we hate criticism.”The hate that criticism produces can discour

5、age workers， family members andfriends，and still not 11the situation.(C )7.A.realizedB. allowedWhen 12_ people let us remember we are not dealing with creature 生物）oflogic.We are dealing with creatures of feeling.Any fool _13_ criticize and complainand most fools do.But it _14character and selfc on t

6、rol to be un dersta nding and forgi vin g 原諒).In stead of criticiz ing people, lets try to un dersta nd them.Lets try to _15_ whythey do what they do.“ To know all is to forgive all.”(C )1.A.soB. orC. butD. and【解【解析】“Wanamaker 很早就知道這一人生道理”和“我費(fèi)了很大勁才懂得這一道理”之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選 C(A )2.A.beforeB. afterC. whenD. u

7、ntil【解析】此處表示“在懂得這一道理之前我的人生已經(jīng)走過(guò)了三十年”，故選 A(D )3.A.dema ndB. enjoyC. hateD. criticize【解析】根據(jù)下文no matter how wrong it may be”可知此處表示 “人們不會(huì)為任何事去批評(píng)他們自己 ”，故選 D。(A )4.A.uselessB. impossibleC. difficultD. necessary【解【解析】下文都在論述批評(píng)這一做法的危害，由此可知應(yīng)選 A(A )5.A. usuallyB.normallyC. completelyD. quietly【解析】此處表示“批評(píng)通常會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)方

8、為自己辯護(hù)”，故選 A。(B )6.A. hopeB. prideC. dreamD. honour【解析】此處表示“批評(píng)的危害之一就是傷害他人的自尊”，故選 Bo(C )7.A.realizedB. allowedCprovedDsuggested【解析】 根據(jù)下文描述動(dòng)物的表現(xiàn)可知 B.F.Skinner 是通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)向人們證明，故 選 C 。( A )8.A.quicklyBslowlyCnaturallyDwidely【解析】 根據(jù)上文論述批評(píng)的危害可推斷出受到表?yè)P(yáng)的動(dòng)物學(xué)東西要更快， 故選A。( B )9.A.advisedBshownCaskedDanswered【解析】 根據(jù)下文“

9、By criticizing , weoften cause hate.可知研究表明，這一理論也同樣適用于人類(lèi)。( C )10.A.makeBplanClookD care【解析】 根據(jù)后面的 “我們討厭被指責(zé) ”可知此處表示 “我們尋求認(rèn)同 ”，與其 對(duì)應(yīng)。故選 C。( A )11.A.correctBexpectCdiscoverDunderstand【解析】 此處表示 “批評(píng)所引起的忿恨會(huì)打擊人們的積極性， 而對(duì)于解決問(wèn)題于 事無(wú)補(bǔ) ”，故選 A。( D )12.A.talking aboutBtaking offCcalling onDdealing with【解【解析】根據(jù)下文“we

10、 are not dealing with creatures 生物)of logic. ” 可知選 D。( B )13.A.mayBcanCmustDshould解析】 句意：任何一個(gè)傻瓜都會(huì)去批評(píng)、 譴責(zé)和抱怨， 事實(shí)上很多傻瓜的確也是這么做的。( A )14.A.takesB givesCoffersD gains【解析】 句意：然而要去理解和寬容別人卻需要好的修養(yǎng)和自控能力。故選 A( D )15.A.imagineB explainCdecideD understand【解析】 根據(jù)前一句“l(fā)ets try to understand them.”可知我們應(yīng)該努力去理解 別人為什么會(huì)

11、這么做。、閱讀理解（本題有 15 小題，每小題 2 分，共計(jì) 30 分）閱讀下面四篇短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)A話(huà)題：文藝體裁：應(yīng)用文難度：詞數(shù).312建議用吋：6 分鐘【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了即將在北京舉辦的四項(xiàng)文藝活動(dòng)。-Paintings of Xu BeihongOver 100 paintings by modern Chinas painting master Xu Beihong are on show atthe National Art Museum, including his oil and ink wash works.

12、Xu is skilled at portraying birds and animals.He decided to combine Western tech niques with traditi onal Chin ese art，which had a big in flue nce on con temporary Chin eseartists.If you go：9： 00 am 5: 30 pm，through Mar.4(closed on Mondays).1 Wusi Avenue Dongchengdistrict，Beijing.010 6403 4951.Ticke

13、t: FreeMusical feast for Japanese anim(動(dòng)漫)loversMusic Fans Classical orchestra will provide a feast for Japanese anime and musiclovers in Beijing this weekend，bringing together masterpieces by celebrated Japanesecomposer Joe Hisaishi，including melodies in director Hayao Miyazaks animation Castlein t

14、he Skyand The Rain in director Takeshi Kitanos film Kikujiro .If you go：7： 30 pm，Jan.28.Beijing Concert Hall, 1 North Xinhua Street, Xicheng district.01066057006.Ticket: 100 580 yua nOpera Film CarmenThe French opera film Carmen, directed by Tiziano Mancini, will be screened inBeijing on Saturday.lt

15、 will be played in French, with English and Chinese subtitles 字幕).Based on the novel of the same name by Prosper Mrim e, Carmen was the lastwork of famous French composer Georges Bizet, telling stories of the working classand ordi nary people .I ts also one of the most popular operas in the world.If

16、 you go：1: 30 pm, Dec.23.Opera House National Center for the Performing Arts , 2 WestChangan Avenue Xicheng district.010 6655 0000.Ticket: 60 yua n( $9)The Merchant of VeniceBeijing Comedy Theater will put on William Shakespeares classic The Merchantof Ve ni cefrom Dec.15 17.It will be played in Chi

17、n ese.If you go：7：30 pm, Dec.1517；2：30 pm, Dec.16.Beijing Comedy Theater, 11 ChaoyangmerNorth Street, Dongcheng district, Beijing.400 610 3721.Ticket: 100 580 yua n (C )16.Whats special about Xu Beiho ng?A . He only drew animals.B.He mainly drew oil works.C.He also learned from foreigners.D.He focus

18、ed on Chinese painting.【解【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一則廣告中的“ He decided to combi ne Western tech niq ues with traditi on al Chin eseart” 可知選 C。( B )17.What nu mber should you call if youre in terested in music from carto ons?A . 010 6403 4951.B . 010 6605 7006.C. 010 6655 0000.D . 400 610-3721.【解【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二則廣告的

19、標(biāo)題可知，該活動(dòng)是日本動(dòng)漫音樂(lè)專(zhuān)場(chǎng) 故選B(D )18.Who wrote the novel of Carme n?A.Joe Hisaishi.B.Georges Bizet.C.Tizia no Man ci ni.D.Prosper M rim e.【解【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三則廣告中的 “Based on the novel of the same nameby Prosper M rim e”可知選 D。B話(huà)題：科學(xué)技術(shù)體裁：記敘文 難度：詞數(shù)：280 建議用時(shí):7 分鐘【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文是一篇記敘文，講述了世界航空史上的兩件大事：第架飛機(jī)的制造和第一次飛越大西洋The Fi

20、rst AirplaneThe Wright brothers,Orville and Wilbur, grew up in Dayton, Ohio.They werein terested in anything that flew from the time they were kids.Theymade paper toys that they called bats which could glide（滑翔）.But in 1903, when Wilbur was thirty-six and Orville was thirty-twothey did something ama

21、zing something that people had dreamed of doing forthousands of years.They built the first real airplane one with an engine thatactually flew in stead of glidi ng on the wind.Their on e-seater pla ne was made of wood and cloth .It was eight feet high andhad wings that went forty feet across.Orville

22、made the first successful flight onDecember 17, 1903, in Kitty Hawk , North Carolina.How long was the flight ? Only twelve sec on ds.And how far did the plane travel ? Only 120 feet.And it was only twenty feet off thegroun d.But it was the begi nning of a whole new ageThe First Flight Across the Atl

23、anticOn May 20, 1927, a young pilot named Charles Lindbergh set out from LongIsland all by himself in a small, single-engine plane to cross the Atlantic Ocea nt wascalled the Spirit of St.Louis. The trip was very dan gerous.L in dbergh had no radio orparachute 降 落傘）.There was just eno ugh room in th

24、e cockpit 座 艙）for him to sit.In Paris, thirty-three hours late, 100, 000 people were waiting to greet CharlesLin dbergh.Over ni ght he became the most famous man on earthas famous as NeilArmstrong who would become a little more than forty years later.（C ）19.The first real airpla ne was built.A . whe

25、n Wilbur was 32B.when Orville was 36C. about 115 years agoD. about 125 years ago【解析】推理計(jì)算題。根據(jù) “But in 1903They built the first real airplane”可知萊特兄弟于 1903 年制造了世界上第一架飛機(jī)，距今大約115 年。(D )20.What do we learn about the first successful flight?A . It lasted 20 sec on ds.B.The plane travelled 112 feet.C.It was

26、 30 feet off the ground.D.It meant the beg inning of a new age.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ But it was the beginning of a whole new age ”可知選 D。(B )21.Which word can best describe Charles Lin dbergh?A . Kind.B. Brave.C. Friendly.D. Hardworking.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù) The trip was very dangerous.可以推斷出 CharlesLindbergh 是一個(gè)非常勇敢和

27、熱愛(ài)冒險(xiǎn)的人，故選B。(D )22.How long did Charles Lindbergh fly in the air?A . Nearly 20 hours.B.More than 20 hours.C.Nearly 30 hours.D.More than 30 hours.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) “In Paris, thirty-three hours later”可知 CharlesLindbergh 的這次飛行持續(xù)了 33 個(gè)小時(shí)，故選 D。C話(huà)題：科學(xué)技術(shù)體裁：記敘文 難度：詞數(shù)：343 建議用時(shí):7.5 分鐘【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了世界發(fā)明大王愛(ài)迪生發(fā)

28、明電燈的經(jīng)歷In the late 19th century ， indoor lighting came from candles ，oil lamps ， or gaslamps.None of them gave off enough light to do much after dark.Gaslight had beenaround since the early 1800s.But it was expensive.Gas lamps made walls black anddirty.Sometimes its smell caused headaches.Gas could b

29、e dangerou，stoo.Fires mightstart.Still，gaslight was popular because it was the best light available.Edison was all fired up to work on electric light.He knew that other people aroundthe world were working on this too.He wanted to be the first to succeed.But he knew thatinven ti ng a work ing lightbu

30、lb（燈泡）was nt eno ugh.He had to invent one that could besold at a price people could afford.Never shy about talking about his inventions，Edison wrote in his notebook: “Theelectric light is the light of the future，and it will be my light unless some other fellow getsup a better one”.Edison and his“boy

31、s” settled in for somg，elhoanrd work.Six weeks cameandwent.What about that neighborhood in New York，the one Edison said he was going tolight up?Edis on was still search ing for the right filame nt（燈絲）.He tried so manymaterialsfish line，bamboo，spiderwebs，even the hair from one of his workers head.The

32、 “ boys kept testing everything they could think of over three thousandmaterials in all.Edison knew that finding out what did not work was as important asfinding what did.A year and a half went by.Nothing.But Edison did not give up，and one day he hit upon the answer.It was simple sewing thread 縫紉線(xiàn)）c

33、overed in carb on 碳）.On October 22, 1879, Edisons lightbulb glowed（發(fā)光 for thirteen and a halfhours.The next one glowed for over a hundred hours.Edison and his team wereexcited.They had done it.Edison was only thirty-two years old.（ C ）23.What was the most popular in the late 19th century? ACandles.

34、BOillamps.CGas lamps.DElectric lights.解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，在 19 世紀(jì)后期，最流行的還 是利用煤氣燈來(lái)照明，故選 C。(D )24.Whats Ediso ns attitude 態(tài)度)towards the future of the electric light?BDoubtful.DConfident.( B )25.Which of the following can best express Edisons spirit?AUnclear.CWorried.解析】 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第三段愛(ài)迪生在筆記本里寫(xiě)的話(huà)可知，他對(duì)

35、電燈的未來(lái)是充滿(mǎn)信心的，故選D。AJust do it.BNever give up.CBelieve in yourself.DTry to be your best self.解析】 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第四至第七段可知， 正是由于愛(ài)迪生和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)堅(jiān)持不懈，才發(fā)明了電燈，因此 B 項(xiàng)正確。( D )26.What would be the best title for the text?ATheHistory ofBThe Advantages of the Electric LightCWhy the Electric Light Was PopularDHow Edison Invent

36、ed the Electric Light解析】 標(biāo)題歸納題。綜合全文可知， 本文主要講述了愛(ài)迪生和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)明電燈的歷史，故選 D。話(huà)題：自然環(huán)境 體裁：記敘文 難度： 詞數(shù)： 377 建議用時(shí)： 8 分鐘語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文是一篇記敘文， 簡(jiǎn)要介紹了發(fā)生在 1988 年的美國(guó)黃石公園森林大火The year 1988 will not be forgotten for a long time atYellowstone National Park.Fires broke out in June and burnedfiercely （猛烈地）un til September.The flame

37、s 火焰） were not put outcompletely until November.They covered almost half of the huge park.What caused suchhuge fires? There are several answers to this question.Lodgepole pines （美國(guó)黑松）make up 80 percent of the parks forests.These treesgrow quickly , but they only live about 200 years.Then many of the

38、 pines die and are blown dow n by high wi nds.The trees lie on the forest floor for many years .In wet forests theywould rot （腐爛） and turn back into soil, but it is too dry for this to happen in Yellowstone.ln1988, dead wood covered the forest floor.Yellowst one usually gets a lot of snow in the win

39、 ter.Whe n the snow melts 融化）,it provides water for the plants.For six winters in the 1980s little snow had fallen.Rainusually falls duri ng the summer mon ths but 1988 was the driest summer in 116 years.Several fires started in and near the park in June.Park officials （官員） fought the firescaused by

40、 human carelessness.Theydidnt try to put out the fires started by lightning（閃電）.They knew that fires help clean out the dead wood.When little rain fell in June andJuly, the fires became larger and larger.More than 17 000 acres had burned by July21.Park officials decided that it was time to fight all

41、 of the big fires.On July 23 , strong winds blew the fires into new areas of the park.Firefightersbattled the flames, but they had little success. On August 20 80-mile- per-hour windsswept through the park.This day became known as Black Saturday.Fires that had almostdied out came back to life.No mat

42、ter how hard the firefighters tried , they could nt con trolthe flames.S now and rain bega n to fall in September.The n the worst of the fires were putout.The rema ining fires were put out by heavy snows in November. （ B ）27.What reason for fires is men ti oned in the third paragraph?A.Dead wood.B.D

43、ry weather.C.Great win ds.D. Human carelessness.解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，本段主要強(qiáng)調(diào)了 1988 年氣候干旱這一導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)的原因，因此 B 項(xiàng)正確。( C )28.Why didnt park officials try to put out the fires started by lightning? A They didntknow about the fires.B They had no way to control them.CThey knew fires could do no harm.D They knew fire

44、s would go out of itself.【解析】 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第四段中的 “They knew that fires help clean out the deadwood.”可知選 Co( D )29.Park officials decided to put out fires _A 5 days after they broke outB10 days after they broke outC20 days after they broke outDone month after they broke out【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的第一句和最后兩句可知，六月份發(fā)

45、生火災(zāi)，森林里的官員們?cè)?7 月 21 日(也就是大火發(fā)生的一個(gè)月后 )才決定滅火，故選 Do( D )30.How were the fires put out in the end?A They went out by themselves.B They were put out by firefighters.CThey were put out by park officials.DThey were put out by snow and rain.【解析】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的最后三句可知， 森林大火最終是靠雨雪滅掉的，故選 Do三、單詞拼寫(xiě) (本題有 10 小題，每小題

46、1 分，共計(jì) 10 分)根據(jù)下列句子及所給的首字母，在空白處寫(xiě)出各單詞的正確、完全形式 限一詞）31.The dog i tself can find its way back to the house.【解析】 考查代詞。句意：這條狗自己能找到回家的路。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)及首字母提示 可知，填 itself。32. Is there anything u nusual_ in todays n ewspaper?Noth ing special.【解析】 考查形容詞。此處表示“不同尋常的事”。由后面的 Nothing specia” 及首字母提示可知，此處應(yīng)填 un usual。33.Damon ma

47、de r apid_ progress because of his brothers help.【解析】 考查形容詞。句意：Dam on 在他哥哥的幫助下有了迅速的進(jìn)步。根據(jù) 句意可知，此處應(yīng)用 rapid。34.The little boy comes from Japan.He is a J _apanese.【解析】 考查名詞。根據(jù)前一句 The little boy comes from Japa n. ”及首字母提示 可知，此處應(yīng)填 Japanese35.My sister always e _ncourages_ me to help others at school.【解析】

48、考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我的姐姐總是鼓勵(lì)我在學(xué)校要去幫助別人。根據(jù) always 可知，此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填encourages36.Its up to you to decide w hether_ to come to the party or not.【解析】考查連詞。由后面的 or not”及首字母提示可知，此處應(yīng)填 whethero37.Edis on was a great inven tor with over one thousa nd i _nventions_.【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)前面的 a great inven tor”及首字母提示可知，此處 表示“發(fā)明”，又根

49、據(jù)空格前的“one thousancf可知此處應(yīng)填可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)（每空僅inven ti ons。38.This is a small but p eaceful_ village.You can live a quiet life here.【解析】 考查形容詞。句意：這是一個(gè)小而平靜的村子。在這兒你能過(guò)上安靜的生活39. Jim likes taking photos, so he wants to get a c amera_ as his birthday gift.【解析】 考查名詞。由前面的faki ng photos”及首字母提示可知，此處表示“照 相機(jī)”，且前面有不定冠詞 a,

50、故填 camera。40. You can enjoy all the water sports or s imply lie on the beach.【解析】 考查副詞。句意：你可以享受所有的水上運(yùn)動(dòng)，或者只是躺在海灘上。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)填 simply。四、語(yǔ)法填空(本題有 10 小題，每小題 1 分，共計(jì) 10 分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，或填入括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確 形式?！菊Z(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，簡(jiǎn)要介紹了英語(yǔ)詞典的用途及種類(lèi)。A dictionary is a book that focuses on defining words and phrases

51、including different41. _meanings_(meaning) The most widely used type is a Ianguage dictionary 42.that/which_ includes a great number of frequently(經(jīng)常地)used words in a Ianguage.These books 43._ re made_(make)for differe nt types of users: students officeworkers，teachers and second Ianguage learners.T

52、odays En glish lear ners have a wide choice of dict ion aries.There are dict ionaries with 44. American_(America)English ， British English ， and even withpictures.Talking electronic(電子的)dictionaries are especially popular.All you have to do isto type in a word in your Ianguage and you can see it 45. _and_ hear it in English.Thatsgrea， right? Well， I think its great，toobut only sometimes.E-dictionaries are fast and easy.They can be great 46. when/if you are traveling andneed information quickly.But I dont like E-dictionaries.Translating between Ianguages inyour head 47. takes_(t