失去爆破、連讀、意群、上升

1、失去爆破失去爆破1.爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/中任何兩個音相鄰，第一個音只做發(fā)音的姿勢，剛要發(fā)出時，立即發(fā)出第二個爆破音。這個就叫“失去爆破”。a. 在單詞內部。 e.g. doctor blackboard lamppost b. 在單詞連讀中。 e.g. a good time a red tie good-bye sit downpp: ripe pearpb: soap bubblept: cup tie 英國足球淘汰賽pd: deep downpk: pipe cleaner煙斗桿子pg: lamp glassbp: rob Peterbb: rub brisklybt: ob

2、tainbd: cab driverbk: Bob camebg: describe Greentp: wet painttb: pocketbooktt:fast traintd: great dealtk: not cleantg: white goosedb: card boarddt:good timedd: field daydk: red carddg: good girlkp: silk pursekb: ink bottlekt: actorkd: public dutykk: black catkg: park gategp: flag polegb: dog biscuit

3、kg: park gategp: flag polegb: dog biscuitgt: rag timegd: dig down gk: eggcupgg: big girl 不完全爆破 2爆破音 + 摩擦音或破擦音 （摩擦音：/f, v, T, , s, z, S, Z, r, h/） （破擦音：/ts, dz, tr, dr, tS, dZ/ ） 當一個爆破音后面緊跟著一個摩擦音或破擦音時，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：對于前一個爆破音，作好發(fā)音的姿勢，剛發(fā)出時，立即過渡到第二個摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一個爆破音發(fā)出的聲音是非常輕微的，有時甚至聽不出來。這種現(xiàn)象叫做不完全爆破。例如/t

4、tS, tdZ, dtS, ddZ, ptS, pdZ, gtS, gdZ/等。這樣的組合出現(xiàn)時，前面的爆破音就需要不完全爆破了。例如： picture /piktSE/ big jug /big dZ g/ good child /gud tSaild/ that joke /DQt dZEuk/ 鼻腔爆破鼻腔爆破當爆破音后面緊跟鼻輔音時，爆破部位由口腔爆破改為鼻腔爆破。爆破音(t,d) 鼻輔音(m,n)發(fā)音方法：兩個音同時發(fā)音，舌尖緊緊發(fā)音方法：兩個音同時發(fā)音，舌尖緊緊頂著齒齦，用氣流沖擊軟腭使之下降頂著齒齦，用氣流沖擊軟腭使之下降打開鼻腔的通道，爆破聲從鼻子里出打開鼻腔的通道，爆破聲從鼻

5、子里出來。來。 e.g. Good morning.e.g. /tn/ writtenBritaincertainfrightenwhitenesspartnerwitnessat nightstart nowwhat next/dn/ hiddenburdenpardonwoodensadness kidneygood nightred rose bread knife/tm/ excitementatmospherea bit morewhite miceeight men/dm/ admitsad musica good manybroad minded舌側爆破/t/,/d/ + /l/

6、發(fā)爆破音的時候，舌尖貼住齒齦，舌的兩側貼住上顎的兩側，為后面的/l/音做準備，在爆破音的氣流沖擊下聲音從舌的兩側泄出，稱為舌側爆破。例：/tl/ littlebattlesettlecattle bottle/dl/ middlemuddlemodelneedlePractices Group 1: white chalk great change loud cheers a good try a good child a bit dry a second choice a black jacket a good job a big tree a hard journey a fast tra

7、in a sweet dream a cold drink Group 2： good morning attend meetings not mine help me dont know at noon not now odd numbers good night quite near a loud noise an important matter a different meaning good news urgent needs a good memory Group 3： active blackboard post-card September hard times quite d

8、ifferent wet ground hot bed take care next door Group 4： old friends step forward bright future first visit just think take three bright thought just then ask them red stars first step keep silent folk songs a big zoo book shelves dont shout make sure that chair 先將下列短文中的弱讀、失去爆破和不完全爆破劃出，然后練習朗讀： Ladie

9、s and Gentlemen, I have some good news and some bad news. First, the good news. The dive that you just watched in Olympic Diving event was the winning dive. Now, the bad news. The swimming pool was empty.連讀連讀朗讀下列短語，注意連讀朗讀下列短語，注意連讀： a block_of flats the corner_of the street n a tin_of peas the top_of

10、 the mountain n a piece_of cake in_a foreign country n a glass_of water an_instant success n a cup_of tea such_a short time n nice clear_air send_it by mail n n an_English girl wait_a moment n a nice_idea a lot_of noise n a visit to_India once_in_a while n an_apology a waste_of time n made_up_of not

11、_in the least n in_America War_and Peace n n out_of date Out_of Africa n wait_and see Death_on the Nile n have_a rest The Wizard_of Oz n Alice_in Wonderland n times_up a mother_of three n Cat_on a Hot Tin Roof對下列短文作語音分析，首先標出重音、連讀和失去爆破或不完全爆破的音節(jié)，然后反復練習朗讀： When an American today says my family is comin

12、g to visit, he or she is using family to include cousins, uncles, grandparents, or any other relatives who do not live with him or her. That is, this person is using family the way it was used 150 years ago when the majority of Americans were farmers. In that earlier time, of course, three or more g

13、enerations lived under one roof grandparents, their children, their childrens spouses, and their childrens children. Yet family is a very vague word. It can mean, for example, the speakers parents, who do not live with him or her. On the other hand, it can mean uncles and aunts, nieces and nephews,

14、first and second cousins, or even in-laws. As a result, the expression immediate family has come into use. It means something between the narrowest use of family and the broadest one: usually the grandparents, their children and their childrens children.意群停頓 句子可以按照它的意思和結構分成小段，這樣的小段就叫做意群。例如下面兩個句子按意群來

15、分是這樣的： 1) By the time he arrived/ he was completely exhausted. 2) When I leave Beijing/ I will leave/ with very fond memories/ of the city and its people/ and with an increased knowledge of China. 在說話和朗讀時，意群的作用是：如果感到句子很長，一口氣說不下來，可以在意群和意群之間有一個很短的停頓（換氣）。正確的停頓應該在意群和意群之間。同一個意群內不應停頓。 意群之間的停頓不是固定的，而是靈活的。可

16、以按照個人的需要，可停頓也可不停頓，可多停頓也可少停頓。 Animal Instincts George is a young man. He does not have a wife, but he has a very big dog and he has a very small car too. He likes playing tennis. Last Monday he played tennis for an hour at his club, and then he ran out and jumped into a car. His dog came after him, b

17、ut it did not jump into the same car; it jumped into the next one. Come here, silly dog! George shouted at it but the dog stayed/ in the other car. George put his key into the lock of the car, but the key did not turn. Then he looked at the car again. It was not his! He was in the wrong car! And the

18、 dog was in the right one! Hes sitting and laughing at me! George said angrily. But then he smiled/ and got into his car with the dog.Animal Instincts George is a young man. He does not have a wife,/ but he has a very big dog/ and he has a very small car too. He likes playing tennis. Last Monday/ he

19、 played tennis/ for an hour/ at his club, and then he ran out/ and jumped into a car. His dog came after him,/ but it did not jump into the same car;/ it jumped into the next one. Come here,/ silly dog!/ George shouted at it/ but the dog stayed/ in the other car. George put his key/ into the lock of

20、 the car,/ but the key did not turn. Then he looked at the car again. It was not his! He was in the wrong car! And the dog/ was in the right one! Hes sitting/ and laughing at me! George said angrily. But then/ he smiled/ and got into his car/ with the dog.句中上升 在一個長句子中，如果有許多重讀音節(jié)，按照降調的規(guī)律，應該逐個遞降。但由于重讀音

21、節(jié)很多，聲音會越來越低，不論是自己還是別人，都會感到不舒服，聽起來會很單調，說到最后嗓音會低不下去。 因此，我們可以在句子中間選擇任何一個你認為重要的重讀音節(jié)，將嗓音提高，好像又開始了一個從高到低的遞降過程。我們把每一個從高到低的遞降過程的語調組合叫語調群。句中某個音節(jié)上升的現(xiàn)象叫做句中上升。例如： Im sorry I couldnt quite make out what you were saying.（只有一個從高到低的語調群，聽起來比較單調。） Im sorry I couldnt quite make out what you were saying. （有一個句中上升，因此就有了兩個從高到低的語調群。聽起來比較生動。） 升高的這個音節(jié) quite 可以用來表示 . Im sorry I couldnt quite make out what you were saying. 在生活語言中，把長句子分