三年高考(2017-2019)英語真題分項版解析——專題02-代詞、介詞和介詞短語(解析版)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上三年（2017-2019）年高考真題分項匯編專題02 代詞、介詞和介詞短語 一、2019年高考真題1.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】3.A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代詞。句意：一項研究表明，參加課外活動的學生比不參加課外活動的學生更開心?？崭裉幋~與the students是對應關(guān)系，可以用the

2、ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前邊提到的復數(shù)名詞，不能與the students形成對應關(guān)系?！皌hese”一般不用定語從句修飾。故選B。2.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】27.Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees' professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介詞短語。句意：好的制度政策實際上都會激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。A. in effect實際上；B. in com

3、mand指揮；C. in turn輪流，依次；D. in shape在外形上，處于良好的狀態(tài)。故選A。3.【2019·新課標I卷·語法填空】Modem methods _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations

4、作Modern methods的定語，用of 連接，“methods of doing sth.”,意為“的方法”，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)?；蛘咭鉃椤皩τ诟櫛睒O熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。4.【2019·新課標I卷·語法填空】Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are _68_ (high) than

5、 they actually are.【答案】of/for4.【2019·新課標III卷·語法填空】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs，seven to be exact.【答案】of【解析】考查介詞?！癮 pack of”意為“一群”。故填of。5.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _61_ this question is not clear.【答案】to【

6、解析】考查介詞。句意：這個問題的答案不清楚。the key/answer to .這是固定搭配，“的答案是”。故填to。二、2018年高考真題1.【2018·北京】14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介詞。句意：早上好，Lee先生辦公室。早上好。我想預約下周三下午（和Mr. Lee見面）。make an appointment for意為“為

7、預約”，是固定搭配，故A選項正確。點睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人預約；make an appointment for為預約。2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.A. at first B. after allC. above all D. at random【答案】B【解析】句意：鮑勃認為他不能去參加聚會，因為他不得不寫一份報告，但它畢竟還是去了。at first 首先；

8、after all畢竟，終究；above all首先；at random隨便地。根據(jù)前面的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞可知，與前面的情況相反，所以選B。點睛：本題側(cè)重考查在特定的語境中辨析短語的能力。對于短語而言，沒有捷徑可言，只有老老實實的記憶?？忌艘浞掷锰囟ㄕZ境理解詞義，還需要重點關(guān)注他們用法上的區(qū)別。3.【2018·江蘇】33. Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.A. in l

9、ine with B. in reply toC. in return for D. in honour of【答案】A【解析】考查介詞短語詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：中國的軟實力增長與日俱增全球?qū)χ袊馁p識和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；與.一致；B. in reply to答復；C. in return for作為 . 的報酬；D. in honour of為紀念。故選A。點睛：本題側(cè)重考查在特定的語境中辨析介詞短語的能力?？忌綍r在學習中多積累之外還需要充分利用特定語境理解詞義，還應注意多辨析意思相近的介詞短語，重點關(guān)注他們用法上的區(qū)別。4.【2018·新課標I

10、II卷·語法填空】I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.【答案】 for【解析】考查動詞短語搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“尋找”，表示“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。三、2017年高考真題【2017·天津卷】12. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old

11、.A. among B. against C. behind D. below【答案】A【解析】試題分析： 句意：當你開車穿過加州的紅木森林時，你將會位于超過百年歷史的樹木之間。 be among 位于之間； be against 反對； be behind 在后面； be below在之下。根據(jù)句意，故選A。考點：考查介詞辨析?！久麕燑c睛】對于介詞辨析題目，首先可以從句意著手，看懂句意是解答此類題目的關(guān)鍵，其次四個選項的意思也要了如指掌。這對于平時學生的基本知識進行考查，學生在平時的學習中要勤積累，多記憶，多多積累，以便在考試時能夠迅速準確的答出，還有的是一些固定搭配，需要了如指掌?！?01

12、7·天津卷】13. We offer an excellent education to our students. _, we expect students to word hard.A. On average B. At best C. in return D. After all【答案】C考點：考查介詞短語辨析?！久麕燑c睛】辨析介詞短語沒有捷徑，只有加強平時的背誦，包括詞組本身的含義，一詞多義，做題時要弄懂句意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行判斷。學生平時要特別注意這方面的積累。【2017·江蘇卷】32.Determining where we are _ our surr

13、oundings remains an essential skill for our survival.A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to 【答案】D【解析】試題分析：考查介詞短語的辨析。A. in contrast to對比，截然不同；B. in defense of為辯護；C. in face of面對；D. in relation to與有關(guān)。句意：根據(jù)周圍的環(huán)境辨別方位仍然是我們生存的一項極其重要的技能。故選D?？键c：考查介詞短語的辨析【2017·北京卷】35. Many pe

14、ople who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry. A. at B. in C. on D. by【答案】B試題分析：許多住在海邊上的人都是靠漁業(yè)來謀生的。此處用介詞in,不用by,因為by后面通常接做什么事情來謀生，此處是指在捕魚這個行業(yè)里，在這個行業(yè)里謀生，用in，故選B。 2016年高考真題1.【2016·天津】2. The dictionary is _: many words have been added to the language since it was published. A. out

15、 of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach【答案】B考點：考查介詞短語。【名師點睛】介詞短語的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介詞短語，這題的介詞短語都是out of+名詞搭配，但是意思都是大相徑庭，學生在平時要注意積累這些相似短語的搭配和含義，做題時結(jié)合具體的語境代入各個選項確定答案。由many words have been added to the language since it was published.可以確定是“過時的”。2.【2016·浙江】3. In many ways, the educati

16、on system in the US is not very different from _in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：在很多方面，美國的教育體系和英國的教育體系很不相同。指代上文的名詞education system，用that，而且后面有介詞短語作后置定語。This表示“近指”，one是泛指可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，it是特指上文提到的名詞。故選A?？键c：考查代詞?！久麕燑c睛】本題著重考查指示代詞：用來指示或標識人或事物的代詞。它們主要有：this這個；that那個；these這些；those那些；it 它。指示代詞

17、所指的對象取決于談話雙方都熟悉的語境。指示代詞在句中可用做主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。that指代上文的可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，后面有后置定語；those指代上文的可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，后面有后置定語；one是泛指上文的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；it指同類同物。3.【2016·浙江】6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help ._, he's reliable.A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing【答案】B考點：考查介

18、詞短語?！久麕燑c睛】介詞短語的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介詞短語，這題的介詞短語都是out of+名詞搭配，但是意思都是大相徑庭，學生在平時要注意積累這些相似短語的搭配和含義，做題時結(jié)合具體的語境代入各個選項確定答案。這句話很明顯，前后兩句話意思一樣，就是后面簡短寫，可以確定是“簡言之”。4.【2016·浙江】7. The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.A. on B. in C. at D. about【答案】B【解析】試題分析：句意：研究表明我們成長的文化影響我們看周圍世界的基本過程。The cultures后面是定語從句，省略that，定語從句中cultures作賓語，那么還缺少一個介詞，和cultures搭配用介詞in，故選B?？键c：考查介詞?！久麕燑c睛】這道題與其說是考查介詞，還不如說是考查定語從句，因為介詞in不是和后面的influence搭配，而是通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn)這是定語從句，和前面的先行詞culture搭配需要什么介詞。5.