高中英語(yǔ)主謂一致講解

1、2021/3/261主主 謂謂 一一 致致2021/3/262主謂一致考點(diǎn)主謂一致考點(diǎn)2021/3/2632021/3/264原原 則則l1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則l2. 意義一致原則l3. 就近一致原則2021/3/265語(yǔ)法詳解語(yǔ)法詳解: : 所謂主謂一致是指所謂主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之之間間, ,即主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著即主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的形式。2021/3/266一一. 語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法l定義定義:主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)也是單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)也是單數(shù), 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)也是復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)也是復(fù)數(shù).l1. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)lTo see i

2、s to believe.lAsking costs nothing.lLying and stealing are immoral.2021/3/267（2)用用and 連接的并列主語(yǔ)連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)人如果主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)人,同同一事一事,同一抽象概念同一抽象概念,且且and后名詞無(wú)冠詞后名詞無(wú)冠詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用用_,如如:The writer and singer _ coming tomorrow. 否則用復(fù)數(shù)。否則用復(fù)數(shù)。(1)以以“and ”或或“both and”連接的并列主語(yǔ)連接的并列主語(yǔ),通常作通常作_用用 。有些有些and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)連接的成

3、對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體整體,如如: bread and butter, knife and fork, whisky and soda(威士忌加蘇打水威士忌加蘇打水),steel and ironis 單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)2021/3/268(3)Every and (every), each and (each) , no and (no) , many a and (many a)連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)以及連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)以及more than one.和和many a.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用詞都用_.語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致Eg: Every desk and every

4、chair _made of wood. Many a boy and (many a) girl _made the same mistake單數(shù)單數(shù)ishas2021/3/269語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致(4) “a / an + 單名單名+ and a half”, “one and a half +復(fù)名復(fù)名” 常接常接_謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ); A year and a half _passed .One and a half bananas_left on the desk.hasis單數(shù)單數(shù)2021/3/2610(5) 不定代詞不定代詞each, either, neither, another, the

5、 other 等作主語(yǔ)通常用等作主語(yǔ)通常用_謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞; 其中其中, each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞復(fù)數(shù)代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用_。復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)代詞代詞+each,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_。如。如 語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致Each of us _a dictionary.We each _a dictionary.hashave單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)2021/3/26111.Serving the people _ my great happiness.2. When well go out for an outing _ decided.3. To get the most profits _ th

6、e common aim of businessmen.（6）不定式（短語(yǔ)）不定式（短語(yǔ)）,動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用_,如如:ishas beenis單數(shù)單數(shù)2021/3/2612 語(yǔ)法一致語(yǔ)法一致(7)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間插有當(dāng)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間插有with, along with, together with, as well as; but, except, besides, other than; rather than; like; including 等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受這些插入謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不受這些插入語(yǔ)的影響語(yǔ)的影響

7、,依然與依然與_保持一致保持一致主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)2021/3/2613The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:2021/3/2614Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _

8、a teacher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know2021/3/2615主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況:1. and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有以下兩種兩種情況情況:(1) He and she _both students of

9、this school. 他和她都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。他和她都是這個(gè)學(xué)校的學(xué)生。如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上如果指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同的不同的人或事物的時(shí)人或事物的時(shí)候候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。一、語(yǔ)法一致原則一、語(yǔ)法一致原則are2021/3/2616(2) 但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是但如果連接兩個(gè)以上的名詞指的是同同一個(gè)人或物一個(gè)人或物, 或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的時(shí)候的時(shí)候, 謂語(yǔ)要用謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 2021/3/2617 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那個(gè)歌唱家兼舞蹈演員要給我們表演。那個(gè)歌唱家兼

10、舞蹈演員要給我們表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。 isis2021/3/26181.either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主在句子中連接主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在語(yǔ)的時(shí)候或者在there be句型中句型中,謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。動(dòng)詞要和就近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。二、就近原則二、就近原則Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the tab

11、le.2021/3/2619l2. l1) Every and (every) l2) each and (each) l3)no and (no), l4) many a and (many a)連接兩個(gè)連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 l Every desk and every chair is made of wood. l Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 2021/3/2620l3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主

12、語(yǔ)語(yǔ),l Each of the students has a book. 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。2021/3/2621Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 2021/3/2622三、概念一致原則三、概念一致原則 所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主所謂概念一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式語(yǔ)一致不是取決于主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法形式, 而而是其是其實(shí)際意義實(shí)際意義。有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是單數(shù)是單數(shù), 但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)但在意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù);有的主語(yǔ)有的主語(yǔ)名詞在形式上是復(fù)數(shù)名詞在

13、形式上是復(fù)數(shù), 但在意義上卻是但在意義上卻是單數(shù)單數(shù)。2021/3/26231. 不定代詞不定代詞all, more, some, any, none作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。所有的蘋(píng)果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。整個(gè)蘋(píng)果都爛了。 are is2021/3/2624None of the money_ left. 沒(méi)有剩下一點(diǎn)錢(qián)。沒(méi)有剩下一點(diǎn)錢(qián)。None of the students _ there. 沒(méi)有學(xué)生在那里。沒(méi)有學(xué)生在那里。 is is

14、2021/3/26252. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候在句子中加名詞作主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞與of后面的名詞后面的名詞保持一致。保持一致。2021/3/2626Half of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。一半的學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋(píng)果壞了。一半的蘋(píng)果壞了。About 60 percent of the stu

15、dents in ourschool _boys. 我們學(xué)校我們學(xué)校, 大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生大約百分之六十的學(xué)生是男生.haveisare2021/3/26273. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)集合名詞作主語(yǔ), 動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。以用復(fù)數(shù)。主要由句子的意思決定。強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體整體謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);指指全體人員全體人員時(shí)時(shí), 動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的集合動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。這一類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有名詞有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。2021/3/2628His family

16、 _going out. 他們?nèi)乙獬觥Ｋ麄內(nèi)乙獬?。His family _all music lovers. 他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳?lè)愛(ài)好者。他們?nèi)胰硕际且魳?lè)愛(ài)好者。is are 2021/3/26295. 復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單單數(shù)數(shù),如如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。Noth

17、ing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。在屋子里什么也沒(méi)找到。2021/3/2630(一一).就前一致就前一致: (即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的中心詞一致即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的中心詞一致) + + 名詞名詞 B 這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞僅與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞僅與 A 一致一致。 1.Mary, together with her parents, _ (去過(guò)去過(guò)) the Summer Palace twice. 2.The teacher as well as her students _ fond of popular music very much. 3. A

18、ll but Tom _(know) the truth so far.with; together with; along withbut; except; besides including; as well as; in addition tonot; rather than; like.has been to- is- have known-2021/3/2631 4.He, rather than you, _ (應(yīng)受責(zé)備)(二二).就后一致就后一致: (即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的中心詞一致即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的中心詞一致) + 名詞名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取決于后面名詞的數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞取

19、決于后面名詞的數(shù) 1.One third of the students in our class _ girls. 2.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth _ covered with / by water. 分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù) + of ; 百分?jǐn)?shù)百分?jǐn)?shù) + of some of ; part of ; half of ; most of ; the rest of ; . is to blame - are- is-2021/3/26323.Half of the project _ (complete) in the past two mont

20、hs.4.Some students are studying in the classroom, while the rest _ enjoying the performances. (三三) 就近一致就近一致: 連接的詞作連接的詞作 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞與最鄰動(dòng)詞與最鄰 近的主語(yǔ)一近的主語(yǔ)一 致致 or eitheror neither.nor not onlybut also not but There be has been completed- are2021/3/2633 1._ you or he to attend tomorrows meeting? 2.Either

21、you or he _ mistaken. 3.Neither Mary nor her parents _ in for rock music. 4.There _ a pen and some books on the table. Are is go is2021/3/2634(六六) 分兩種情況對(duì)比掌握分兩種情況對(duì)比掌握: 1.集合名詞如集合名詞如 family, team, class, group, population 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ), 如果作為一個(gè)整體看待如果作為一個(gè)整體看待, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù). 如果指集體里每一個(gè)成員如果指集體里每一個(gè)成員,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù). 1.Ou

22、r class _ a big one. Our class _ fond of music. is are2021/3/2635 2. The population of China _ far larger than that of Japan. Eighty percent of the population in China _ farmers.2. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞如單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞如 sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means(方法方法,手段手段), works(著作著作, 工廠工廠) 作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文取謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文取決單復(fù)數(shù)

23、決單復(fù)數(shù). 1.Every means _ been tried to solve the problem. All means _ been tried to solve the problem. is are has have2021/3/2636 2.There _ a newly- built chemical works.3.一些總是以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn)一些總是以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn), 成雙成對(duì)的事物如成雙成對(duì)的事物如 trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等等 如果單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)如果單獨(dú)出現(xiàn), 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù), 如果前面有如果前面有 a / this / that pair

24、of 修飾修飾, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù). 1.The trousers _ mine. 2.This pair of trousers _ mine.is/ stands are is2021/3/2637l類(lèi)似地類(lèi)似地: Apples of this kind _ (sell) well. This kind of apples _(sell) well. sellsells -2021/3/2638 4. 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (increase) every

25、 year. 5. 1.The aged _ being cared for in the community. 2.The beautiful _ not always good. 6. 1. A singer and dancer _ been invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _ been invited to the party. own is increasing are is has have2021/3/26397. Tom is one of who _ fired by the company last week.

26、Tom is one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week.8. A large quantity of water _ wasted every year. Large quantities of water _ wasted every year. were was is are2021/3/26409. 下列句子有什么特點(diǎn)下列句子有什么特點(diǎn)? 1. What we need _ hard work. What we need _ suitable materials. 2. Such _ what he told me.

27、Such _ his words. 3. The following _ his advice on learning English. The following _ some tips to learn English. is are waswere is are2021/3/26411. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered3. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. ar