人教版新目標八年級英語上冊15單元知識點及練習(xí)題

1、新目標八年級英語上冊第一單元Unit 1.How often do you exercise?I. 重點短語歸納：on weekends 在周末 go to the movies 去看電影 look after=take care of 照顧 surf the internet 上網(wǎng)healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式go skateboarding 去滑滑板watch TV看電視do some reading 閱讀keep healthy=stay healthy  = keep

2、 in good health   保持健康  keep + 形容詞  表保持某種狀態(tài)exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports鍛煉eating habits 飲食習(xí)慣take more exercise 做更多的運動the same as 與什么相同once a month一月一次be different from 不同three times a week一周三次twice a week一周兩次   most

3、of the students=most students大多數(shù)學(xué)生shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購物make a difference to 對什么有影響As teachers, you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students. 身為教師，你們必須堅信你們能夠影響學(xué)生的一生。A false step will make a great difference to my future. 錯走一步對我的前程來說會產(chǎn)生很大影響。how

4、 many times 多少次 ，用來提問做某事的次數(shù)although=though雖然 <不能與but連用>  Although he is old, he is quite strong.(He is old, but he is quite strong.) 句子中，有although或though就不可再用but，但可用yet或still“仍然，還”；有because就不能再用so.  as for至于 activity survey活動調(diào)查do homework做家庭作業(yè)do house work做家務(wù)事eat less meat吃

5、更少的肉junk food垃圾食物be good for 對什么有益be bad for對什么有害want to do sth 想做某事want sb to do sth想某人做某事try to do sth 盡量做某事come home from school放學(xué)回家of course=certainly=sure當然get good grades取得好成績   help sb to do sth幫助某人做某事=help sb with sth your favorite program你最喜歡的節(jié)目a lot of vegetab

6、les=many vegetables許多蔬菜hardly= almost not幾乎不 hardly ever很少，幾乎不，從不some advice 一些建議some advice 中的 advice 是不可數(shù)名詞    a piece of advice 一則建議give advice 提出建議     takeones advice 采納或聽從某人的建議keep/be in good health保持健康A(chǔ)nimal World 動物世界play soccer踢足球once or twice a

7、week 每周一兩次three or four times a week 每周三四次at Green High School 在格林高中all students 所有的學(xué)生most students 大多數(shù)學(xué)生some students 一些學(xué)生no students 沒有學(xué)生the result of a survey 調(diào)查結(jié)果the result for “watch TV”“看電視”的調(diào)查結(jié)果improve your English 提高你的英語drink milk 喝牛奶pretty h

8、ealthy 相當健康 pretty  adv. 相當，非常Pretty（用作副詞時） =rather=very=quite 非常，相當kind of  = a little   有點I think Im kind of unhealthy.      我想我有點不健康。.every day 每天 every day 與 everyday1. every day作狀語，譯為“每一天”。如：We go to

9、school at 7:10 every day. 我們每天7：10去上學(xué)。I decide to read English every day . 我決定每天讀英語。2. everyday 作定語，譯為“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語。What's your everyday activity?你的日?；顒邮鞘裁?？二. 重點句子：1.How often do you exercise? 你（你們）多久鍛煉一次身體？How often + 助動詞do(d

10、oes或did) + 主語 + do sth.? 疑問詞how often是問頻率(多久一次),（在這里助動詞do(does或did) 是起幫助構(gòu)成疑問的作用）與一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時連用，回答一般是用表示頻率的副詞，如：once, twice, three times, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month等。How often do

11、 you go to the factory? Twice a week.你們多久到工廠去一次？ 每星期兩次。   “How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”   2“What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球?！钡谝粋€do為助動詞, 在這起幫助構(gòu)成疑問的作用；而第二個do則是實義動詞。翻譯：What do you usu

12、ally do on weekends? I often go to the movies.What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.3. “Whats your favorite program?” “Its Animal World.” “你最喜歡什么節(jié)目？”“動物世界。”4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .  as for.意思是“至于；關(guān)于”，常用于句首作狀語，其后跟名詞、代詞

13、或動詞的-ing形式（即動名詞）。如：As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永遠不希望在這里見到。As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 關(guān)于那故事，你最好不要相信。至于我自己，我現(xiàn)在不想去。As for myself, I dont want to go now.至于那個人，我什么都不知道。As for the man, I know nothing about him. 5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play p

14、ing-pong with her . want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看電影嗎？The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老師不想讓我們吃漢堡包。有很多動詞后面用這種結(jié)構(gòu)做動詞的復(fù)合賓語ask sb. to do sth.   叫某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.  &#

15、160;告訴某人去做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事6. She says its good for my health.be good for.表示“對有益（有好處）”;其反義為：be bad for.。（這里for 是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞）如：It's good for us to do more reading. 多讀書對我們有好處。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上讀書對你的眼睛有害。7. How many hours do you sleep every night

16、?8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .9. My eating habits are pretty good .這里pretty相當于very 。10.I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .try to do sth.表示“ 盡力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用

17、某一辦法）試著去做某事”。如:Youd better try doing the experiment in another way.你最好試試用另一種方法做這個試驗。11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.help sb.(to) do sth.幫助某人做某事12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.這里better是well的比較級，而不是good的比較級13.Is her lifestyle the same as yours or dif

18、ferent?Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as / be different from 14. What sports do you play ?  15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = s

19、tay healthy16. You must try to eat less meat .try to do sth.表示“ 盡力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比較級17. That sounds interesting.這是“主語+系動詞+表語”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。sound（聽起來），look（看起來），smell（聞起來），taste（嘗起來），feel（覺得），seem（好象），grow（變得）,get（變得）等詞在英語中可用作系動詞，后跟形容詞作表語。如：It tastes good.  這味道好。The music

20、sounds very sweet. 這音樂聽起來很入耳。The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 煙霧變得越來越濃了。18. I think Im kind of unhealthy.      我想我有點不健康。  kind of  = a little     a kind of  一種三知識結(jié)構(gòu). 注意sometimes與幾個形似的詞的區(qū)別。(1) somet

21、ime是副詞，意為“在某個時候”，“某時”Will you come again sometime next week?(2) some time是名詞詞組，意為“一段時間”，做時間狀語用I will stay here for some time.我將在這呆一段時間。(3) some times是名詞詞組，意為“幾次，幾倍”I met him some times in the street last month. 上個月我在街上遇到他好幾次了。（4）sometimes 是頻度副詞，意為“有時”     He sometimes goes s

22、kateboarding on weekends. 他有時周末去滑滑板。 time意為“時間”時，為不可數(shù)名詞。 意為“次數(shù)，倍數(shù)”時，為可數(shù)名詞， What time is it? I go to the movies three times a week.注意“次數(shù)”的表達方法一次    once， 兩次    twice，三次或三次以上用基數(shù)詞加上times：three times、five times、one hundred times.表示“幾次”的表達方法是：on

23、ce a day/ a week/ a month/ a year    twice a day/ a week/ a month/ a year same與different1.same指“相同的”，前面通常要有一個定冠詞the，但是如果same前面已經(jīng)有this，those等詞，就不能再與the連用了。如：We are in the same class. 我們在同一個班級。 結(jié)構(gòu)：the same as與.一樣如：His mark is the same as mine.他的分數(shù)和我的分數(shù)一樣。2.different譯為“不同的”，其后的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式

24、。如：We are in different classes. 我們在不同的班級。結(jié)構(gòu)：be different from與.不同如：This sweater is different from that one.這件毛衣與那一件不同。different的名詞形式為difference, 復(fù)數(shù)形式為differences。     hard / hardlyhard: hard既可作形容詞，也可作副詞。adj. 辛苦的，困難的 adv. 努力，使勁地He had a hard (adj.)time in the past.I

25、t's a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult)這是一個難的問題。The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常努力He works hard. 他努力工作。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事對某人來說是難的。如：It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那項工作對他來說很難。注意區(qū)分：hard work 困難的工作 work hard 努力工作hardly是頻度副詞，表示否定的意思。（=almost not）

26、通常用在形容詞、副詞和動詞之前。hardly: adv. 幾乎不，簡直不I can hardly see it.我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿?He hardly works. 他幾乎不工作。It hardly rains here, does it?   how often / how long / how soon / how farhow often: “隔多久一次”，指動作的頻率，答語常用often, never, twice a week等表示頻率的副詞或短語。（用于一般現(xiàn)在時或

27、一般過去時）How often do you go to the movies? Once a week. / I never go to the movies.how long: 1)“（延續(xù)）多長時間”，回答用for時間段或since時間點。（用于各種時態(tài)）；2) 詢問物體的長度How long is the Yellow River? How long have you learned English?I have learned it for 5 years. I have learned it since 5 years ago.how soon:

28、60;“還要多久才，多久以后”，答語常用“in時間段”。（用于一般將來時）How soon will she come back? Shell come back in an hour.how far: “多遠”，詢問距離。Can you tell me how far it is from here to your home?How far is it from your home to our school? Its 2 kilometers away.Unit 2 whats the matter?一重點短語歸納1.

29、foot-feet 腳 <復(fù)> tooth-teeth 牙齒 <復(fù)>2. have a cold 感冒 3. have a stomachache 胃疼 4. have a sore back背疼5. have a sore throat喉嚨疼 6. have a fever發(fā)燒 7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息 8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的熱茶 9. see a dentist 看牙醫(yī)

30、 see a doctor 看醫(yī)生10.drink lots of water多喝水 11.lots of ,a lot of, a lota lot of=lots of，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library. There is a lot of water on the ground a lot,是一個副詞詞組，跟動詞連用；表示十分，很等意思；  Thanks a lot.12. have a toothache牙疼 13. Thats a good i

31、dea好主意14. go to bed 去睡覺 go to bed early 早上床睡覺 15. feel well感到好   feel ill 感到不舒服I dont feel well= Im not feeling well 我感覺不舒服.16. start doing/ to do sth開始做某事to do是一件事情完成了，開始做另外一件事情;doing是原來的那件事情做到一半，現(xiàn)在又開始做了，是同一件事情17. two days ago兩天前 18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一會兒 19. I thin

32、k so我認為是這樣20. be thirsty口渴    21. be hungry 饑餓 22. be stressed out緊張 23. listen to music聽音樂24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 25. traditional Chinese doctors傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)26. need to do sth 需要做某事I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist.  我牙痛, 我需要去看牙醫(yī).We need to keep our cl

33、assroom clean. 我們需要保持教室的干凈.27. a balance of yin and yang陰陽平衡 28. for example例如29. too much yin太多的陰, 陰氣太盛 too much + 不可數(shù)名詞   太多的 much too +形/副   實在太 極其，非常 too many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 太多的30.be good for sth./ doing sth. 對什么有益 ，對什么有好處be bad for sth./ doi

34、ng sth. 對什么有害 be good to 對好 be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅長be good(bad) for、be good at的相關(guān)用法1.be good for 對.有益 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操對你們的建康有益。2.be good at 擅長于.Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅長于籃球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅長于打籃球。be goo

35、d at = do well in 如：I'm good at math. = I do well in math.我擅長于數(shù)學(xué)。3.be good to 對.好Parents are always good to their children.父母親總是對他們的孩子好。31.get good grades 取得好成績   32.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的氣I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我對他很生氣，因為他讓我等了好久。 be angry at/

36、about sth 就某事生氣33.Chinese medicine 中藥 34.be popular in + some place 在某地很流行 Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 現(xiàn)在中藥在許多西方國家受歡迎。35.in western countries在西方國家 36.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 Its important to do sth . 做某事很重要。 37.balanced diet平衡飲食 38.get tired

37、 感到疲倦 be/get tired  39.go out at night在晚上出去When you are tired, you shouldnt go out at night. 疲倦時，晚上你不該外出40.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health41.at the moment此時，此刻= now Im not feeling very well at the moment42.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名詞)喜歡某物,enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事=l

38、ike dong sth enjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself反身代詞) 玩得高興，過得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun43. conversation practice會話練習(xí) 44. host family 寄宿家庭45. have a lot of headaches經(jīng)常疼痛 Im tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲勞，而且經(jīng)常頭

39、痛。46. a few + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)  少許 a little + 不可數(shù)名詞/形/副    一點47.He shouldnt eat anything =He should eat nothing. 他不應(yīng)當吃任何東西. 48.give sb some advice給某人建議give advice 提出建議advice 是不可數(shù)名詞  a piece of advice 一則建議 take ones advice 采納或聽從某人的建議He gave me some good ad

40、vice. 他向我提了一些很好的意見。49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小時 50.take medicine 吃藥 服藥二 固定結(jié)構(gòu)Its +形 + for sb. + to do sth.做某事對某人來說是的。Its important to do sth .做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡飲食對我來說是很重要的.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answer.  找出答案對我們來

41、說是容易的三重點句子1.Whats the matter ? Whats the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？ =Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you? I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache2.Thats too bad. You should / shouldnt      那太糟糕了. 你應(yīng)該/不該You should lie down and rest /

42、 drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor . He shouldnt eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不應(yīng)當吃任何東西. 3.Im not felling well . 這里well表示身體狀況，不能用good代替I dont feel well= Im not feeling well 我感覺不舒服.4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么時候開始的？大約兩天前5.I hope you fell better soo

43、n . 我希望你很快好起來這里better是well的比較級6.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認為我們需要陰陽調(diào)和以保持身體健康。 這里 to be healthy是動詞不定式短語，作目的狀語7.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. 你應(yīng)該吃一些像牛肉之類的陽性食物。8.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for t

44、his.   吃黨參和黃芪等草本植物也對這有好處。9.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang. 太緊張易怒的人或許吃了太多的陽性食物。too much后跟不可數(shù)名詞，而too many后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)10.Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and its important to eat a balanced diet . 有一個健康的生活方式很容易，飲食平衡是很重要的。 Its easy to do sth . 做某事容易

45、 / Its important to do sth . 做某事重要11.You should rest for a few nights. 你應(yīng)該休息幾個晚上12.I study late every night, sometimes until 2 am, but I dont think Im improving.我每天晚上學(xué)到很晚，有時到凌晨2點鐘，但我認為我沒有提高。13believe in 信任某人，強調(diào)品質(zhì)，believe sb.相信某人的話 I believe him, but I cant believe in him.他的話是真的，但是我不信任他這個人。14 .I

46、 have a toothache . I need to see a dentist . need意思為 “需要” ，作實義動詞時，后跟動詞不定式，否定式為dont /doesnt / didnt need (to do sth.) ；作情態(tài)動詞時，只能用于否定句或疑問句中，否定式為neednt(do sth.) ，除有過去式外，沒有其它的形態(tài)變化四知識結(jié)構(gòu).情態(tài)動詞should的用法should是情態(tài)動詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，意為"應(yīng)該.should（應(yīng)當，應(yīng)該）用于所有人稱，表示勸告或建議。eg. You should wait

47、 a little more.你應(yīng)該再多等一會兒。- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厲害。- You should lie down and have a rest.你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。maybe與may be1.maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也許他能回答那個問題。He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也來自美國。2.may be中的may為情態(tài)動詞，譯為“可能是.”。如：He may be from the USA, too.

48、 他可能也來自美國。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我們的英語老師too many,too much與much too1.too many意為“太多”，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：There are too many students in our class.我們班上有太多的學(xué)生。2.too much意為“太多”，用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：We have too much work to do. 我們有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示“太”，用來修飾形容詞或副詞。如：The box is much too heavy,

49、 so I can't carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不動它。 few、a few、little、a little的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系： 1.few / a few用來修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有；a few表示有肯定意思， 有幾個。 例如He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket. 籃子里有幾個雞蛋。 2.little / a little用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定意思，沒有，幾乎沒有。 a little 表示肯定

50、意思，有一點兒。 例如： There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里沒有墨水了，你能給我點兒墨水嗎？ notuntil  直到 (否定句) 才，動詞為短暫性或瞬間性動詞  She didnt leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up.  =He didnt go shopping until /before he got up.  until/till   直到·&#

51、183;· （肯定句）動詞為延續(xù)性動詞 We stayed here till/until 12 oclock.Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?一重點短語歸納1. go camping 去野營 2. go shopping 去購物 3. go skateboarding 去滑滑板 4. go swimming 去游泳 5. go boating 去劃船 6. go skating 去滑冰 7. go hikin

52、g (in the mountains) 去山上徒步旅行/遠足8. go climbing 去登山 9. go fishing  去釣魚 10. go bike riding / cycling 騎自行車旅行11. go sightseeing 去觀光 13. spend time with friends 和朋友度過 14. babysit her sister 照顧她的妹妹12. visit my grandma/ cousins/ my f

53、riends in Hong Kong 拜訪我的祖母/堂兄弟/香港的朋友15. relax at home 在家休息 16. go to sports camp 去運動野營 17. go to the beach 去沙灘18. take a vacation 去度假 19. go to Tibet for a week 去西藏一個星期20. go away 離開，走開 It made me sad to hear you have to go away.聽

54、到你非走不可，我覺得很傷心21. (for) too long 太久 22. how long 多長（時間）23. have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneself 玩得高興，玩得開心24. get back to school/ home 回學(xué)校/回家 go back= come back= get back 回來  get back to +some where回到某地 get back home/ here /there 

55、0;回家、這、那兒go back to school  回到學(xué)校=return to school go back home  回到家=return home25. stay for three weeks  呆三個星期 26. take walks / take a walk 散步take walks=have walks=go for a walk  散步 27. rent videos 租錄像帶 28. a famous French singer&

56、#160;一個著名的法籍歌手29. take a long vacation  度長假 30. take vacations in Europe 在歐洲度假 31. think about/ of 考慮/思考32. something different/ interesting/ important 一些不同的/ 有趣的/ 重要的東西I have something interesting to tell you. 我有一些有趣的事要告訴你。33. spend t

57、ime in the beautiful countryside 在美麗的鄉(xiāng)村度過34. forget all the problems 忘記所有的問題(煩惱) 35. sleep a lot 多睡覺,睡個夠36. can't wait 迫不及待cant wait to do sth     迫不及待做某事She cant wait to get home to see her parents. 她迫不及待的想回家看望父母。37. a good p

58、lace to go sightseeing 一個觀光的好地方38. leave for Italy/ Greece/ Spain/ Europe 離開/出發(fā)去意大利/希臘/西班牙/歐洲39. places to visit in China 在中國參觀的地方 40. plan my vacation to Italy 計劃去意大利度假41. the first week in June 六月的第一周 42. leave for  離開/出發(fā)去leave的用法1.“l(fā)eave+地點”表

59、示“離開某地”。例如：When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么時候離開上海的？2.“l(fā)eave for+地點”表示“動身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.3.“l(fā)eave+地點+for+地點”表示“離開某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?43. rent videos to sb. 租碟片給某人 rent videos from sb. 從某人那租碟片 44. make a movie 拍電影45. ask s

60、b about sth 問某人某事46. at night =in the evening 在晚上 47.What/How about+ doing>  怎么樣呢48 on Monday  在星期一    49.next week 下周  50.the Great Wall 長城二固定結(jié)構(gòu)1. show sb. sth. 讓某人看某物 = show sth. to sb. 把某物給某人看 He showed me a p

61、ostcard from Hong Kong yesterday.= He showed a postcard to me from Hong Kong yesterday.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有： give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.  把某物給某人 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.  給某人買某物2. send sb. sth. 寄給某人某物 = send sth. to sb. 寄某物給某人   My friends s

62、ent me a letter just now.  = My friends sent a letter to me just now.3. think about/ of sth./ doing sth. 考慮某事/考慮做某事   He often thinks about going to Europe for vacation.4. decide on sth. 決定某事 decide to do sth. 決定做某事   They will decide on the case(案件) tomorrow. 

63、;  He decided to go sightseeing at last.5. plan to do sth. 計劃做某事(過去式) planned  （現(xiàn)在分詞）planning   She planned to go to Greece for vacation. vacation plans 假期計劃 make plans 制定計劃We should make plans before we do anything. 在做任何事前我們應(yīng)該制定好計劃。6. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事

64、 forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事   Don't forget to close the door when you leave the classroom.  I forget going to Spain before.7. remember to do sth. 記得去做某事 = remember doing sth. 記得做過某事   Remember to bring your book here tomorrow. He remembered calling you just now.8. finish sth./ finish doing sth. 完成某事/完成做某事 Do you finish your homework? When did you finish doing your