名利場中兩位女主人公的對比分析

1、A Comparative Analysis of the Two Heroines in Vanity Fair名利場中兩位女主人公的對比分析AbstractVanity Fair is a famous novel and masterpiece written by William Makepeace Thackeray, and it is a famous work of critical realism. In the novel, Thackeray has created two female images - Becky and Amelia, who are fresh a

2、nd plump. They respectively stands for two types of female images: one is the “bad woman image” represented by Becky who breaks the tradition ones; and the other is the typical traditional “family angel image” represented by Amelia. However, both the bad woman and angel have the dual natures in Thac

3、kerays eyes. In this paper, it makes a comparative analysis of the two female images shaped by Thackeray in Vanity Fair, to discuss the similarities and differences between two females images characters, values, and destiny, and probe into the deep reasons for such differences. Through this novel, t

4、he 19th century English society can be seen at all levels and how different people survive in the cruel society. Researching this topic has important significance in understanding and becoming familiar with the society and culture of the 19th century British capitalism.Key words: characters; Becky;

5、Amelia中文摘要名利場是19世紀英國著名小說家威廉·梅克比斯·薩克雷的成名作也是其代表作，是一部著名的批判現(xiàn)實主義作品。小說中塑造了兩位女主角蓓基和愛米麗亞，形象鮮活豐滿，栩栩如生。她們分別代表了兩種女性形象：一種是蓓基所代表的打破傳統(tǒng)女性形象的“壞女人”；一種是愛米莉亞所代表的典型傳統(tǒng)家庭天使形象。然而，不管是壞女人還是天使，在薩克雷的眼中都是有其兩重性的。本文就薩克雷在名利場中所塑造的兩位女性形象進行對比分析，分析二人性格、價值觀及命運的異同，并探討導致這種差異的深層原因。 透過這篇小說，我們可以看到19世紀英國上流社會的各個層面，以及不同的人怎樣在社會中謀得他們的

6、一席之地。研究此課題對了解和熟悉19世紀英國資本主義社會文化具有重要的意義。關鍵詞：性格；蓓基；愛米麗亞Outline1. Introduction 2. Comparison of Becky and Amelia in Vanity Fair 2.1 Different Characters 2.1.1 Becky - Breaking the Traditional Image of Women 2.1.2 Amelia- A Typical Traditional Female Image 2.2 Different Attitude toward Love and Marriage

7、2.2.1 Becky - A Tool Leading Her to the Upper Society 2.2.2 Amelia - Devoted Herself to Love 2.2 Different Fates 2.2.1 Beckys Destiny 2.2.2 Amelias Fates 3. Reasons for Their Different Fates 3.1 Living Environment 3.2 Social Situation in Victorian Era 3.3 Traditional Female Morality 4. Conclusion1.

8、IntroductionVanity Fair is a masterpiece of the British novelist Thackeray. It mainly depicts the encounters and destinies of two beautiful girls - Becky and Amelia who live in the British upper class in the early time of the 19th century. Becky is a typical adventuress in the capitalist society. Th

9、e influences and discriminations of the underworld cause her personalities to become distorted. In order to make a living, she doesnt give up any opportunities and tries to reach her purpose through marriages. She likes to show her face in public. In fact, the life pursued by her is filled with fame

10、 and wealth as well as the endless desires. She is evil, but successful. She is an outcome of the dual function of the era and society. On the contrary, Amelia is a pretty and simple woman with good characters and pure love. She comes from a rich merchant family, looking forward to the ideal love an

11、d trying to weave her own life with love. She is poor, but happy. Being deeply attracted by these two heroines distinct personalities and different fates, the author tries to explore the implied social reasons for their different encounters and views of love and marriage.Through analyzing Becky and

12、Amelias different characters, views on love and marriage as well as fates in this novel, this paper aims at summarizing the core moral concepts of the Victorian women and exploring the implied social reasons. Hope this paper can not only be a supplement to the previous studies, but also help the rea

13、ders better understand the deep connotations of this novel.2. Comparison of Becky and Amelia in Vanity FairBritain at that time is nothing short of Vanity Fair. Therefore, to survive in such a cruel society, one must have certain life skills, especially people born in poor families. So do Becky and

14、Amelia. In this part, the characters, attitude to love and marriage, as well as their fates will be compared. 2.1 Different CharactersIn the Vanity Fair, the two heroines, Becky and Amelia, appear full blown, especially Becky who is one of the most successful and typical characters in novels. In the

15、 following part, their different characters will be discussed. 2.1.1 Becky - Breaking the Traditional Image of WomenBeing doughty to pursue: In the Vitoria times, social culture and economic status determine the status of women. In Victorian Britain, “women have no opportunity to get knowledge throu

16、gh education or work; they are only told to what kind of their behaviors are in conformity to norms, which bound the females characters”(Hagan, 1975: 479). Rebecca is a poor orphan, but she wants to win the respect, and obtains the economic status and social status. Her independent personality is in

17、 conflict with her status conferred by the society. Her desire of respect derives from her childhood experience. Her father would beat his wife and daughter when drunk, and complained the societys injustice. Her fathers punishment intensified her anger, and her childhood experience made her realize

18、she was living in in a cage of patriarchal society. She wants to have a different childhood life, but the society imposed restrictions of females on her. Therefore, in that society, to live with your own goals and desires is a great challenge for her. In the Victorian times, only women in the upper

19、class have the opportunity to accept the education about manners; for a girl like Rebecca such a girl from the bottom of the society, life is more bound. Rebeccas social status condemns her to rely on her own but no other way. She will never accept the restrictions of gender and status imposed form

20、the society, and she has her own plans and tries to realize her aspirations by herself.Resisting Spirits: After his father died, Rebecca is allowed to stay in school, but has to teach other girls French. Rebecca is angered by other students discrimination, and she begins to desire for prestige extre

21、mely. The school life makes her more aware no one else can rely on but herself, so she begins to plan for her own future. She can not bear others discrimination any more, so she determines to enter the upper society. However, before graduation, she finds the challenge to the traditional concepts wil

22、l only hurt herself, so she gets her own anger and ambition hidden, and pretends to surrender. She has learned from Amelia that being submissive and naive will be more popular to people. And the huge differences in Miss Pinkertons treating on Amelia and her, makes she realize that she has to hide he

23、r natural instincts, but to show elegant and polite manners. Innate rebellion dooms her wont change her behavior to achieve the social expectations of women.(Hammond, 2002: 26) She socializes carefully with people around her, and then laughs at them behind. Lord Steynes humiliation lets her get the

24、sense of satisfaction, because his noble status symbolizes for the cage set by her childhood social system.Wit and Capability: In Victorian patriarchy traditional society, women can not leave the man alone, but the men only thinks themselves. Rebecca has transforms womans inferior role through her i

25、ntelligent manipulation or deceive men around her. As a governess, she break the rules restricted by the society for women through becoming indispensable figures. In the masters home, although she is only a family teacher, but she finds herself actually dominating the family business to a great exte

26、nt. Rebeccas words and deeds under the cover of innocence are very persuasive. She controls others through her words and actions to make them believe she a woman like Amelia: obedient, and childlike innocent.2.1.2 Amelia- A Typical Traditional Female ImageAmelia complies with the requirements of bei

27、ng “an angel in the house”.(Hammond, 1992: 663) She not only acts as a qualified mother, but also acts as a docile wife and a filial daughter.The social gender is not only determined by the physiological sex, but also constructed by the society. Throughout the Victorian era, for most of the middle-c

28、lass women, their life is shaped by both their family roles and the idea of what feminization is. And their sense of self-concept is determined by their social status and economic conditions. Females are described as caring, simple and ignorant groups. According to the Victorian society, the ideal w

29、ife should be loyal, obedient, passive, self-denying and and pure and so on. Amelia is such a representative. She desires to be an “Victorian angel” which is consistent with the requirements of the times. However, the society doesnt support her sense of self-concept and limits all her independent aw

30、areness. Beauvoir has ever said that when females rely on males to make a living and enjoy such a kind of lifestyle, they are willing to be others.(Zeng, 2006: 149) And this is a very exact description for Amelia.During the six years of studying in Pinkerton girls school, Amelia has been also praise

31、d and loved by people around her. When she finishes her studies, the headmaster Miss Pinkerton says that: “Amelia possesses the unique personalities that a qualified British woman should have. She studies hard and has moderate temperament, winning the praise of teachers and classmates. Thus, everyon

32、e in the school, young and old, loves her.” Amelia regards Becky as her most intimate friend. Once, after Beckys staying at her home for a week, she still wants her to stay at there for another week, which sounds extremely incredible. The sentimental Amelia inherently tends to depend on people aroun

33、d her, making her be in a subordinate position in the patriarchal society, but she doesnt mind at all. She takes love and marriage as a lifelong career. She is the embodiment of angels and her coward and gentle personalities are in accordance with the social norms of that time. However, she is not p

34、erfect. She also has the foolish and selfish side, with no thought, no insight, no talent and no fun. She is a vulgar idealist and can be regarded as the representative of Utopians. Amelia here is no longer synonymous with purity and goodness. Instead, she is the best reflection of stupidity and sel

35、fishness. In the end, when Becky shows her Georges betrayal to her, she decides to throw herself on William Dobbin, so as to find a new person to depend on. Both Amelias unnatural self-sacrifice and her distorted purity are the products of the patriarchal society. 2.2 Different Attitude toward Love

36、and MarriageIn the Vanity Fair, because of their different personalities and different backgrounds, the attitudes to love and marriage held by Becky and Amelia are completely different.2.2.1 Becky - A Tool Leading Her to the Upper SocietyAs a poor painters daughter, Becky is willing to try all means

37、 to enter into the upper class and finally she successfully becomes one member of it from having nothing at all with the good appearance. Different from Amelia, Becky regards all the people as her stepping stones to the upper class. And to her, to look for a rich husband is the true focus of life. A

38、t first, she seduces Amelias brother-Joseph, a rich tax man, just to make herself become rich. Later, she gets married with a young officer-Rawdy who is likely to inherit a huge fortune. Soon after the marriage, Rawdys mother dies, her father-in-law asks her to marry him. Then she feels very regretf

39、ul, since the dream of being a baroness seems so near, but meanwhile so far away from her. Even later, under her unremitting efforts, she unexpectedly knows a bigger man-the Lord Steyne. With his help, she naturally steps into the upper society and meets the King luckily. When she is very complacent

40、, her husband finds her illicit relations and becomes angry with her. Her scandals are immediately made public and Lord Steyne abandons her at once. Her dreams of living in the upper class gradually bedashed. However, she doesnt change her nature at all and still tries to enter into the upper class

41、with her tricks. Her purpose is very simple, namely realizing her dreams through men and getting the recognition of the world. However, she cannot realize these dreams only by her own strength, which is a sadness of a woman. Simone de Beauvoir has said that in The Second Sex: “Instead of saying that

42、 women are inborn, it would be better to say they are shaped. There is no physical, psychological or economic factor which can determine womens status in society, but the human culture as a whole create this intermediate called women between men and asexual roles.”(cited in, Chen, 2010: 154) Becky h

43、as ever said that “I think if I have five thousand pounds a year, I will also do a respectable woman.”(Thackeray, 2010: 173) In Thackerays description, Beckys actions are forced by her living environments. If she is born in a rich and noble family, there is no necessity for her to conquer the hypocr

44、itical men one after another to get wealth and status.2.2.2 Amelia - Devoted Herself to LoveInherently, the sentimental Amelia would like to depend on people around her, making her be in a subordinate position in the patriarchal society, but she doesnt mind at all. She takes love and marriage as a l

45、ifelong career. She can be regarded as the embodiment of angels and she is a faithful “martyr” of the patriarchal society. (Yu, 2010: 127) Amelias love and blind worship for George make her ignore her own feelings. Her helplessness and lowliness in emotions is primarily caused by the social customs

46、which classify females into the passive and subservient group. Thus, females in the life lose their self-esteem and and become powerless. In such a society, many behaviors of females are started from the point of love, leading them to have no right in economy, be dependent in psychology and be humbl

47、e in emotion. Amelias emotional fantasy of males virtues and females responsibilities make her be in a immature state of psychology. She tries hard to believe that George is loyal and noble. Her loyalty to George is based on her benevolence and trust, which is also her weakness, since she is lack of

48、 courage and strength to admit Georges true colors and she is aways insisting her beliefs of being a good wife.However, Thackeray hasnt shaped her as a perfect image. She doesnt possess her own thoughts, insights, talents and funs. To some extent, she is only a vulgar idealist. She doesnt decide to

49、throw herself on William Dobbin until Becky shows her a note in which George says he asks Becky to elope with him. so as to find a new person to depend on. In fact, Amelias distorted purity is the outcome of the patriarchal society and its also the laws that imposed by males.Thackeray has ever evalu

50、ated Amelia with such words: “What a person I want to shape is just like Amelia who lives in a world without god. The only advantage of her is the endless love in her heart and thus she can be saved.”(Cited in, Lindner, 2002: 564) When depicting Amelia, he shows his sympathy for her. However, what h

51、e shows more is his disagreement with the “angel in the house” in the Victorian age.2.3 Different FatesIn Vanity Fair, Becky and Amelias different fates can be said as the representatives of the virtuous females and rebellious femaless encounters.2.3.1 Beckys DestinyBecky Sharp comes from the bottom

52、 layer of the British society and her parents have been dead before she becomes underage, so she has to finish her studies by working part time. After leaving the school, she starts her own journey to struggle with the reality. As a very ordinary family teacher at the beginning, through holding ever

53、y man she meets, she creates opportunities one after another for herself to enter into the upper society and change the destiny. After experiencing repeated setbacks and failures, Becky finally becomes a social butterfly attracting numerous males attention in the British upper class. At the end of t

54、he novel, Becky carries out a deceptive act to Joseph again. After winning his favor, she begins to squeeze this stupid tax man, making him die with illness finally. No matter how hard she tries, she gets no fame, status, money and love. She is just the one who is spurned by the upper class.Beckys e

55、ntire life is filled with ups and downs. The desires in her heart are always incomparably attractive but unreachable. Thus, such desires are destined to be suppressed and they are also the main factors resulting in her tragic ending. Things are impermanent and Thackeray has given out such a feeling

56、for many times.(Cited in, Lindner, 2002: 564) However, all the helplessness and sighs cannot prove anything. The temptation of the fame and fortune makes people pursue them at all costs, even by hurting their loved ones and friends, eventually making themselves fall into the abyss.2.3.2 Amelias Fate

57、s Faced with the sufferings and misfortunes of life, Amelia is lack of fighting spirit and courage. She is too weak and too submissive. After Osbornes death in the war, her son becomes her new hope of life, she cannot trust anyone at home to take care of him. Later, due to her parents becoming poor,

58、 there are no other economic sources for her to support her son. Thus, she sends her son to his grandfathers home. However, life is impermanent. The two heroines fates in this novel change again in their middle age. Amelias goodness eventually makes her get status, money and love again while Beckys

59、cleverness let her return to the starting point of life-living in poverty. To tolerate the Emily of sacrifice for others, finally no sweet without sweat, status, money and love.Thackerays such an arrangement of the two heroines fates undoubtedly implies a great irony. In this kind of vanity fair, all the splendor will be washed and people, one generation after an