中考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)介詞教案

1、愛(ài)學(xué)社學(xué)習(xí)交流中心古之成大事者,不惟有超士之才,亦有堅(jiān)韌不拔之志。Every one can be successful,but there are so many different one could make it come true,it's up to yourself! Just try your best to do it!第二次課一主要內(nèi)容介詞的分類，用法及區(qū)別二知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1 . 介詞的分類根據(jù)介詞的構(gòu)成形式分類A. 簡(jiǎn)單介詞由一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的介詞稱為簡(jiǎn)單介詞at, in, on, or, near, after, with, before B. 合成介詞由兩個(gè)詞合成的介詞稱

2、為合成介詞inside, outside, onto, into, nearby, withoutC. 雙重介詞由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞重疊在一起構(gòu)成的介詞稱為雙重介詞fom behind , until after , from among D. 短語(yǔ)介詞由一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞和一個(gè)或者幾個(gè)其他詞類組合而成的介詞稱為短語(yǔ)介詞a the back of, instead of, in place of, on the point of , thanks toE. V-ing形式介詞在英語(yǔ)中一部分V-ing式具備介詞性質(zhì)，在很多情況下將它們視為介詞。including , onsidering , reg

3、arding根據(jù)介詞的意義分類A.表示時(shí)間的介詞at, on, in, about, around, between, before, sinceB.表示地點(diǎn)方位的介詞at, under, beside, inside, close to , off, down , beyond , alongC表示手段施動(dòng)者的介詞like, with, in,byD.表示其他含義的介詞except, esides, instead of2 .介詞短語(yǔ)的句法功能介詞和名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，副詞，從句，v-ing形式一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，介詞短語(yǔ)可以在句中作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，插入語(yǔ)等。1 .做主語(yǔ)From

4、 Shanghai to Los Angels is about 17 hours flight.從上海到洛杉磯要飛行大約17 個(gè)小時(shí)。2 .做表語(yǔ)My father was in the army two years ago.兩年前我父親在部隊(duì)。This book will be of great use to you.這本書對(duì)你會(huì)有很大的用處。3 .做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)When she woke up , she found herself in hospital.當(dāng)她醒來(lái)時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在醫(yī)院里。He is considered as the greatest leader in China.他被認(rèn)

5、為是中國(guó)最偉大的領(lǐng)袖。4 .做定語(yǔ)The book on the desk is very interesting. 書桌上的那本書很有趣。The young man from Guilin is my uncle.從桂林來(lái)的那位年輕人是我叔叔。We visited the museum in the centre of the city.我們參觀了 市中心的博物館。5 .做狀語(yǔ)Class begins at half past seven.網(wǎng)間)7 時(shí)半開始上課。His parents work on a farm.(地點(diǎn))他父母在農(nóng)場(chǎng)工作。She came here by train.(方

6、式)她乘火車來(lái)這里。You don' t have to worry about that.(原因)你不必為那件事?lián)摹? .做插入語(yǔ)He was too careless, in a word , he made too many mistakes. 他太粗心了， 總之， 他犯的錯(cuò)誤 太多了。7 .介詞的位置介詞一般放在介詞賓語(yǔ)之前(介詞賓語(yǔ)：用在介詞后的名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或者短語(yǔ)) 但是在下列情況中，介詞一般后置(1)介詞賓語(yǔ)為疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)What are you interested in 你對(duì)什么感興趣Whom did he talk with just now 剛才他在和誰(shuí)說(shuō)

7、話(2)感嘆句中介詞也可后置What great trouble we are in !我們現(xiàn)在的麻煩可真大??！(3)介詞賓語(yǔ)為關(guān)系代詞時(shí)All that I am interested in is travelling. 我所感興趣的是旅行。(4)被動(dòng)句中含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞The sick and the old here are taken good care of.病人和老人在這里都被照顧的很好。All these things will be talked about next time.所有的一切將在下一次討論。(5)其他情況下She is a nice girl to work w

8、ith.她是一個(gè)值得一起工作的好女孩。The music is worth listening to once again. 這首歌值得再聽(tīng)一遍。8 .介詞的用法和區(qū)別(1)時(shí)間介詞的用法辨析 時(shí)間介詞in、 on、 at、 by 的用法辨析介詞 in 用來(lái)表示一天中某段時(shí)間，指天、 年、 月、 季節(jié)、 周次等。如： in the morning介詞 on 用來(lái)表示某一天或星期幾，指明具體的時(shí)間。如：on a rainy day介詞 at 用來(lái)表示特定的時(shí)間、節(jié)日、年齡等。如：at noon介詞by表示的時(shí)候、至ij、等到 已經(jīng)等用在天、時(shí)間的前面。如： by 2 o 'clock 時(shí)

9、間介詞in 與 after 的用法辨析介詞 in + 一段時(shí)間用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：We ll go to school in two weeks.介詞 after + 一段時(shí)間用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： My mother came home after half an hour.介詞 after + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：We ll go out for a walk after supper. 時(shí)間介詞for 與 since 的用法辨析介詞 for 表示一段時(shí)間如：I have been living here for 10 years.介詞 since 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以來(lái)如：I ha

10、ve been living here since 2000. 時(shí)間介詞during 與 for 的用法辨析當(dāng)所指的時(shí)間起止分明時(shí)用介詞during 如： He swims every day during the summer.如果一段時(shí)間不明確則用介詞for 如： I haven t seen her for years. 時(shí)間介詞before 與 by 的用法辨析介詞 before 表示 在之前“如： He won' t come back before five .介詞 by 表示 至U 時(shí)為止，不遲于'如：The work must be finished by Fr

11、iday. 時(shí)間介詞till 與 until 用法的異同till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示 直到為止”，如：I will wait till （until） seven o'clocktill和until用在否定句中，均可表示 在以前”或 直到才”。如： Tom didn't come back till （ until ） midnight till 多用于普通文體，而until 則用于多種文體，并且在句子開頭時(shí)，用until 而不用 till 。如： Until he comes back， nothing can be done 不用介詞表達(dá)時(shí)間的幾種情況當(dāng)表示時(shí)

12、間的詞前有 this, that 時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：this morning當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有 next 時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：next Sunday當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有l(wèi)ast 時(shí)，其前面不用介詞，如：last Sunday當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有one, any, each, every, some 或 all 時(shí)， 其前面不用介詞，如： Youcan come any day. 2）方位介詞與地點(diǎn)介詞的用法辨析 方位介詞on, over, above 的用法辨析介詞 on 表示一物放在另一物上面，兩者緊貼在一起，如： The book is on the table.介詞over表示一種

13、垂直懸空的上下關(guān)系，即 在上方”，如：Is there any bridge overthe river介詞 above 表示般的 高于“， 在之上”，如： There was an electric clock above his bed. 方位介詞under 與 below 的用法辨析介詞 under 是 over 的反義詞即 在下方”， 如： They were seen under the tree.介詞below是above的反義詞即 低于”，在之下"，如：They live below us.方位介詞 across,、through > over,、past的用法辨

14、析介詞 across 著重于 “從一頭或一邊到另一頭或另一邊”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面穿過(guò)。如： She went across the street to make some purchases.介詞 through 著重于 “穿越 ”，強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定的空間內(nèi)穿過(guò)。如： The sunlight was coming in through the window.介詞 over 多表示從“上方越過(guò)”，如： He failed to go over the mountain; he had to goround it.介詞 past 表示從 “面前經(jīng)過(guò)”，如： Someone has just gone pas

15、t the window. 方位介詞in、 on、 at 的用法辨析介詞 in 表示 “排、行、組”，如： We are in Team One.介詞 on 表示 “左、右 ”，如： Li Ping is on my left.介詞 at 表示 “前、后 ”，如： I sit at the front of the classroom. 方位介詞to、 for 的用法辨析介詞 to 表示目的地或去的目的，如：Wil you take a train to Tianjian.介詞 for 表示動(dòng)身去某地，如：He got on a train for Shanghai. 地點(diǎn)介詞at 與 in

16、的用法辨析介詞 at 表示較小的地方，如家、村、鄉(xiāng)村等，如：He lives at a small village.介詞 in 表示較大的地方，如大城市、國(guó)家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing. 地點(diǎn)介詞at 與 on 的用法辨析介詞 at 用于門牌號(hào)，如：He lives at , Nanjing Road.介詞 on 用于路名，如：He lives on Nanjing Road. 地點(diǎn)介詞in、 on、 to 的用法辨析介詞 in 表示 “包含 ”如： Beijing is in the north of China.介詞 on 表示 “緊鄰 ”如： Canada lie

17、s on the north of the .介詞 to 表示 “沒(méi)接觸 ”如： France lies to the south of England.（ 3）其他易混介詞的用法辨析 動(dòng)作介詞to 與 toward 的用法辨析介詞 to 表示向某處移動(dòng)，如：They were driving to work together.介詞 toward 表示移向某處，如：We're moving toward the light. 原因介詞because、 as、 for 的用法辨析介詞 because 表示 “因?yàn)?；由于”指直接的、明確的原因，用來(lái)回答why 的問(wèn)句，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。如： The

18、 boy was absent because he was ill.介詞 as 表示 “由于；鑒于”指一種顯而易見(jiàn)、談話雙方已知的理由。如： She stayed at home as she had no car.介詞 for 表示 “因?yàn)?；由于”指一種間接原因，甚至只是一種附帶的說(shuō)明。如： It must have rained last night, for the road is wet. 材料介詞of 和 from 的用法介詞 of 用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)不變時(shí)，如：The desk is made of wood.介詞 from 用于成品與材料的性質(zhì)已變時(shí)，如：Wine is ma

19、de from grapes. 表示 “用 ”的介詞 in、 with 、 by 的用法辨析介詞 in 表示 “用材料、語(yǔ)言”如： Can you say it in English介詞 with 表示 “用工具、某物”如： with a pen介詞by表示 用、以、靠、通過(guò)方法”如：He prefers traveling by car.介詞between與among的用法辨析介詞 between 表示 在兩者之間“如：Don' t sit between the two girls.介詞 among 表示 在當(dāng)中（三者或以上） “如：They lived among the mou

20、ntains in the past.介詞besides與except的用法辨析介詞besides表示 除之外（全部計(jì)算在內(nèi)）“如：We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.介詞 except 表示 除之外（不計(jì)算在內(nèi)）“如：We are all Chinese except Tom in ourclass5 .介詞的常見(jiàn)搭配英語(yǔ)許多動(dòng)詞、形容詞和名詞都與特定的介詞搭配，我們必須熟悉這些搭配關(guān)系。1.動(dòng)詞與介詞（或副J詞）的搭配add- to加到 上agree with 同意（某人）arrive at(in)至U達(dá)ask for詢問(wèn)beginwith

21、從 開始believe in 相信break into 闖入break off 打斷break out 爆發(fā)bring down 降低bring in 弓 I進(jìn)bring up 教育，build up 建起burn down 燒光call back回電話call for要求約請(qǐng)call in召來(lái)call on拜訪訪問(wèn)care for 喜歡carry on繼續(xù)開展carry out實(shí)行開展check out查明結(jié)帳clear up整理，收拾come about發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生come across （偶然）遇見(jiàn)come out 出來(lái)come to共U 達(dá)至Ucompare - with 與比較comp

22、are to 比作cut off切斷date from 始丁depend on 依靠devote to 獻(xiàn)丁die out 滅亡divide up 分配dream of 夢(mèng)想fall off 下降fall over 跌倒feed on以 為食get down to 專心于get through 通過(guò)give in讓步，屈服give out 分發(fā)go abroad 出國(guó)go on with 繼續(xù)grow up生長(zhǎng)hear about 聽(tīng)說(shuō)join up連接起來(lái) keep on繼續(xù)live on靠為生look forward to 盼望look out 當(dāng)心set off動(dòng)身show off 炫耀

23、speed up 力口速stick to 堅(jiān)持talk of談?wù)搕ry out試驗(yàn)turn off 關(guān)掉2.介詞成語(yǔ)give up放棄go against 反對(duì)go through 瀏覽hand down 傳下來(lái)hold out 伸出keep off讓開，不接近lead to導(dǎo)致look down upon 看不起look into 調(diào)查look(a) round仔細(xì)查看set up建立shut up 住口stand for代表，象征suffer from 遭受think of考慮，想起turn down 調(diào)彳氐worry about 擔(dān)心1）英語(yǔ)中有大量成語(yǔ)由介詞構(gòu)成，單是一些常用介詞就可構(gòu)

24、成大量成語(yǔ):at:at a stretch 一連，連續(xù)地 at a time 一次，每次at ease 稍息，安心 at first sight 一見(jiàn)（鐘情）at first最初，開始時(shí) at heart在內(nèi)心at home 在家，隨便 at last最后at least至少 at length 最后，詳細(xì)地at most 至多 at once 立即， 同時(shí)at peace（war）處于和平（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）狀態(tài)at play（work）在玩耍（工作）at present現(xiàn)在，目前 at random 隨意地，胡亂地at the risk of 冒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) at the same time （與此）同時(shí)a

25、t times有時(shí)候at will任意地at the start 一開頭 at the time 此刻，這時(shí)by:by accident 偶然 by air 航空by all means 想一切辦法by bus (plane, etc)坐巴士(飛機(jī)等)by chance 偶然 by cheque 用支票by choice 出于自愿 by daylight 在大白天by day(night)白天(夜間)by force靠武力by mistake錯(cuò)誤地，誤把 by turns 輪流by surprise突然，出其不意by the way 順便說(shuō)一句in:in a sense從某種意義上說(shuō)in ad

26、dition（to） 此外（除之夕卜）in advance 事前in all總共in any case (event) 不管怎樣，反正 in brief 簡(jiǎn)而言之in case zPlzlb, 如果 in case of在 情況下in comparison 比較起來(lái) in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)中in debt 負(fù)債 in demand 有需求in detail詳細(xì)地 in fact實(shí)際上in general 一般說(shuō)來(lái)in one ' s opinions (某人)看來(lái)in order to (that) 以便，為了 in other words 換句話說(shuō)in part(s)部分地in

27、 practice 實(shí)際上in regard to 關(guān)于in the end 最后in person 親自in public(private)公開(私下)地in short 總之in the middle of 在中間in time及時(shí)地，經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間in vain白白地，沒(méi)有結(jié)果on:on account of 由于on behalf of代表（某人）on board在船(飛機(jī))上on condition 在條件下on duty 值班on fire 著火on foot 步行on guard 有警惕，值班on hand在身邊 on holiday 在休假on purpose 故意地 on sa

28、le 在出售on strike 罷工 on the contrary 相反on the way 在路上on the top of 在上面out of:out of action 失靈out of control 失去控制out of doors 在戶外out of hand 失去控制on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)on the run 正在逃竄out of breath 氣喘吁吁out of danger脫離危險(xiǎn)out of fashion 不時(shí)新out of order 壞了out of reach 無(wú)法得到（拿到） out of sight看不見(jiàn)out of temper 發(fā)脾氣 out of que

29、stion 不可能out of touch（with） 和 失去聯(lián)系out of tune 走調(diào)out of use 不再使用 out of work 失業(yè)2）有些介詞夾在名詞之間構(gòu)成成語(yǔ)：day after day 日復(fù)日地 year after year 年復(fù)年one after another 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地 one by one 一個(gè)接一個(gè)little by little 一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地side by side 并肩step by step 步步地face to face 面對(duì)面arm in arm 手挽手地hand in hand 手牽手地day to day 日常的 day by day

30、 天天地day before yesterday 前天 day after tomorrow 后天heart to heart互相交心的）還有一些成語(yǔ)包含兩個(gè)介詞：from beginning to end 從頭至尾from bad to worse 越來(lái)越糟from time to time 不時(shí)地 from head to foot 渾身from morning to night 從早到晚from start to finish 從頭至尾from door to door 挨門挨戶地from place to place 到各地from generation to generation 代

31、代地 from cover to cover （書面） 全音B地，從頭至尾4）此外，“be+容詞+介詞”也是一類成語(yǔ)：be found of 喜歡 be full of 充滿be interested in 對(duì)有興趣 be keen on 熱衷于be confident in 對(duì)有信心be short of 缺乏be sick of 厭惡be proud of對(duì)感到驕傲be loyal to對(duì)忠誠(chéng)be ashamed of為感到羞恥be worried about 為擔(dān)心be aware of 意識(shí)至Ube busy with 忙于(某事)be different from 和不同be fam

32、ous for 因而出名6 .介詞的省略1 .在一些結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)名詞前面的介詞 in常?？梢允÷裕辉诹硪恍┙Y(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞 from常 ?？梢允÷?。中學(xué)生常見(jiàn)的這類結(jié)構(gòu)有：be busy (in) doing sthbe kept busy (in)doing sthbe engaged (in) doing sthhave trouble / difficulty (in) doing sthspend time (in) doing sthprevent sb (from ) doing sthstop sb (from ) doing sthIt is no use (in) doing so

33、methingThere is no use/ good (in) doing sth但是，當(dāng) spend time in doing sth , prevent/ stop somebody from doing sth 中的 spend , prevent和stop為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，介詞 in和from 一般不可省略。例如：They spent a large sum of money (in) building the tower. A large sum of money was spent in building the tower.The heavy rain prevented us

34、 (from) attending the lecture. We were prevented from attending the lecture by the heavy rain.2 .由what, whose , how , when , whether等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句或不定式短語(yǔ)作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其前的 of, about通?？梢允÷?。例如：She has no idea ( of) what to do.I'm not aware (of) how he got it.He hesitated (about) what to do next.I'm too old

35、to care (about) what I look like.3 .引導(dǎo)時(shí)間段的介詞for和表示行為方式的way前面的介詞in?？墒÷?。例如：The snowy weather lasted (for) two weeks.He lived alone (for) ten years.Don't treat her (in) that way.for 一般不能省略。例如:表示時(shí)間段的for短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)在句首或否定句中時(shí),We haven't seen each other for two years.For many years, he lived in the shed al

36、one.4 . age, color, weight, length, width , height, design, shape, size 等名詞作 介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，而且 of短語(yǔ)在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)， of可以省略。例如：The two machines are ( of) the same design.The boys are (of)the same height .It is (of)no use to me.課后習(xí)題1.The plane arrived at London airportWednesday.2.A. onB. atC. inD. forWhat do you usu

37、ally doChristmas3.A. onB. atC. inD. forMrs Brown worded in the west of Australialast summer4.A. /B. onC. inD. sinceThe first class begins8 o' clockthe morning.5.A. at/onB. at/inC. on /inD. on/onthe past two months he has been busy with his school work.6.A. ForB. OnC. SinceD. Atlast Saturday, we

38、had had two football matches with Class Two.7.A. ForB. /C. ByD. DuringWe will be in NanjingTuesdayThursday.8.A. on/ throughB. on/toC. from/toD. on./tillMr Black will visit our new school buildingtwo days.9.A. beforeB. afterC. atD. inthe end of last spring Wang Hai joined the armythe end.10.A. At/atB

39、. By/inC. In /atD. At /inWe will have a football matchthis Saturday afternoon.11.A. onB. /C. inD. forHe came to see youthe evening of May 10 th.12.A. inB. atC. onD. forI' m afraid I gave you a lot of troublemy stay here.13.A. inB. forC. duringD. onThe singing group will have two performancesOcto

40、ber.14.A. afterB. sinceC. /D. forThe supermarket is openmidnight.15.A. atB. onC. tillD. /She didn' t go to workthat morning. She sleptnoon.16.A. / - tillB. on - tillC. atatD. / atHe was illa week, andthe week he ate almost nothing .17.A. for/atB. for/duringC. during/duringD. for/forDays are long

41、ersummer thanwinter.18.A. in/inB. in/onC. from/toD. to/inChildren get presentsChristmas andtheir birthday. Granny is comingfor lunch Christmas day.A. at/on/onB. on/on/onC. at/in/atD. in/on/inNew Year s eve people usually don t go to bed until midnight.A. AtB. OnC. ForD. In20.Tom and Paul usually wat

42、ch TV weekends.A. atB. inC. forD. /21.Every day the old man takes these children home school.A. atB. toC. fromD. after22.Could you come to my office the day after tomorrow.A./B. onC. inD. at23.We had built three bridges over the river the end of 1994.A. atB. onC. forD. by24.Life will be better the 2

43、1 st century.A. atB. onC. forD. in25.Do you often work late night.A. atB. inC. forD. duringhad a new card, and I didn t write .A. on itB. itC. in itD. above itis a bridge the river.A. underB. overC. onD. nextsaid that he would meet us the cinema.A. inB. atC. onD. inis a book storethe street corner.A

44、. atB. inC. onD.bythe top of the teaching building we saw the lake _ us.A. underB. overC. belowD.aboveare many beautiful birds the tree.A. onB. atC. inD.besideswas written _ page 20.A. atB. inC. onD.abovehouse is the two buildings, so we get little sunshine during the day.A. betweenB. amongC. inD. a

45、tis waiting bus stop her father.A. for/forB. for/atC. at/forD. at/at t talk so loud table.A. byB. onC. atD. besidethere anything interesting today s newspaperB. inB. onC. atD. /and buses travel the road to the town.C. onB. alongC. inD. byyou tell me who spoke the meetingD. atB. alongC. inD. foruncle

46、 lives 208 Smith Street.E. atB. onC. toD. withlast we reaches the village the hill.A. at the foot ofB. at footC. on foot of D. in the foot fromis the east of China and Japan is the east of China.A. to/toB. to /inC. in /toD. in /inthe end of the street you can find the post office.A. ByB. AtC. OnD. I

47、nyou often listen the programmes the radio.A. to/ofB. to /inC. to/onD. on /towait the office . Don t come in until you are called.A. inB. intoC. insideD. outsideyou going to leave Guangzhou BeijingA. forB. toC. from D. inwhale has a nose the top of its head.A. atB. above C. over D. onmust go the bri

48、dge and then you will see the bank the left.A. over/onB. to /byC. to/onD.over/atis a hole the wall.A. inB. atC. forD.towardsyou tell me the way Shanghai ZooA. toB. atC. forDtowardskicked the ball too hard , and it went _ the street _one of Mr. Smith swindows.A. across/on B. through./onC. across/thro

49、ughD. to / throughyou your coming.A. toB. ofC. byD. forspent a long time the maths problem.A. inB. onC. forD. atLi is going to help him his Chinese this afternoon.A. withB. onC. byD. atmuch did you pay this bookA. forB. atC. onD. withtranslate the sentence English.A. intoB. toC. atD. forLing fell hi

50、s bicycle this morningA. onB. downC. offD. toshoutedher, but shi didn t hear me.A. toB. atC. onD. forhas made friendsmany Chinese students.A. withB. toC. byD. amongschool, I often learn singing and dancing hobbies.A. /B. onC. inD. forMing fell ill this morning, so he asked leave.A. fromB. forC. onD. insaw the man hit the boy the face.A. inB. onC. towardD. byLi,