【公開課課件】Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructure課件-2021-2022學年高中英語人教版（2019）必修第三冊

1、Discovering Useful Structures Unit 4 Space Exploration新新人教必修人教必修Book 3 Lily and Bob are chatting when they jog.I want to be an astronaut.So I need to do much exercise to make my dream come true.Whats your dream?What do you do for your dream?Leading-inWhy do you jog everyday?Infinitives不定式是動詞的一種非限定形式

2、,由“to+動詞動詞原形原形”構成，沒有人稱和數的變化，在句中不能獨立作謂語。但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語、狀語等。Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions and meanings. Presentation I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot. As we all know, a

3、n astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. infinitive as adverbialinfinitive as adverbial Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. Fill in the bl

4、anks to complete the story. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. infinitive as adverbialinfinitive as attributeinfinitive as attributeThough Monkey King had amazing talents and super power,he was only appointed as the Protector of Horses (弼馬溫）.When he realise

5、d that his job was (look) after the horses, he became so angry that he returned to the Mountain of Flowers and Fruit(花果山） and decared himself “ the Great Sage Equalling Heaven” （齊天大圣) . The Jade emporor was very angry (hear)the news ,so he ordered Li jing and Ne Zha (catch)the monkey .But they faile

6、d (defeat)him.So Jade emporor(玉帝）pretended (accept) his request.After returning to the heaven ,he had nothing (do)but idle away time.So Jade Emperor asked him (take)charge of the Peach Garden.However,Monkey king ate all the ripest peaches. to catch to hear to look to defeat to accept to do to takeOn

7、e day,the seven fairies went to the peach garden (pick)some peaches for the Peach Baquet（蟠桃宴). They arrived there ,only (find)the peaches were much greener and smaller than before.After talking with the fairies,Monkey King knew that he wasnt invited .He got extremely angry and now its his greatest w

8、ish (make)trouble in the heaven and return to his mountain. to pick to find to makeWhat are the functions of infinitives?Whats Monkey Kings job in the heaven? is his job. (1). 不定式作主語不定式作主語To look after the horsesIts his job to look after the horses.不定式作主語時不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后往往放在謂語之后,用用it作形式主語作形式主語.His

9、job to look after the horses.Our goal to be admitted to a good university.isis(2). 表語表語The Jade Emperor pretended to accept his request. They found it difficult to defeat Monkey King.(3) 賓語賓語They failed to defeat Monkey King. 常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：want,hope, wish,expect.refuse, learn, choose

10、, decide/determine, agree,fail， manage,pretend, plan,prepare,long/desire 當不定式作賓語時后面接有賓補時，常用當不定式作賓語時后面接有賓補時，常用it作形式賓語，把不定式賓語放后面。作形式賓語，把不定式賓語放后面。The Jade Emperor ordered Li Jing and Ne Zha to capture Monkey King.The Jade Emperor asked him to take charge of the peach garden.I expect you to give me some

11、 help.常接不定式作賓補的動詞有：常接不定式作賓補的動詞有：(4). 賓補賓補want,warn, persuade,tell, help, ask/require,order/command,force, urge,advise,allow/permit,forbid,expect,wait for,depend on 賓補賓補五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽 listen to hear一感覺一感覺: feel注意：當不定式放在下列動詞后面作賓語補語時，注意：當不定式放在下列動詞后面作賓語補語時，不

12、定式不帶不定式不帶to。 常用口訣如下：五看三室（使）兩廳（聽）一感常用口訣如下：五看三室（使）兩廳（聽）一感覺覺I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時后時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的的各種形式各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).Wha

13、t do you like to do besides sleep?Note 1Note 2Monkey King had nothing to do in the heaven. He is looking for a room to live in .He is always the first one to come to school.(5). 定語定語(如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞則不定式中要有介詞.)只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況例：1. Please make an effort to catch th

14、e bus.2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.1.當修飾的名詞是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish （一些表示企圖、努力、愿望、打算、能力 等意義的名詞）只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況例：1. He was the first one to think of the idea.2. You are the on

15、ly person to be late.3. The manager is the last to come to the meeting.2.當修飾的名詞前有the only, the next, the best, the first, the last, 以及由序數詞或形容詞最 高級修飾的名詞常常用不定式作定語。只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況只能用動詞不定式做定語的情況例：1. Do you have anything to say?2. There is nothing to worry about.3. I want to get something to drink.3.當修飾的詞

16、為something, nothing, anything 等不定代詞時。4.當定語表示未來的還沒做的動作時。例：The letter to be written is to my father.The matter to be discussed is important.They arrived at the peach garden, only to find (that) the peaches were much greener and smaller than before.(6). 狀語狀語He hurried to the school only to find nobody

17、there . (結果狀語，出乎意料結果狀語，出乎意料) 結果狀語：結果狀語：常與only , enough 或too連用,用于“too.to”；“enough to.”；“only to do”句型中。He is old enough to go to school. She is so proud as to look down upon others.The Jade Emperor was angry to hear the news. 原因狀語原因狀語We were very excited to hear the news原因狀語：多用于原因狀語：多用于“sb.+be+adj.+t

18、o do”句句型中。型中。The seven fairies went to the peach garden to pick some peaches for the baquet. 目的狀語（目的狀語（in order to /so as to.)I came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.結果狀語結果狀語in order to , so as to , enough to ,only to , too.to.,Note:表結果表結果不定式：意想不到的結果不定式：意想不到的結果Ving： 順其自然、理所應當的結果順其自

19、然、理所應當的結果I hurried to the station to see Tom off, only (find)he had already left. We adopted new methods, _ (improve)the quality of our products. to find improving(7).獨立結構獨立結構 to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truthTo tell the truth, I dont agree with you.1. had better + (not) do sth.最好（不）做某事最好

20、（不）做某事2. cannot (help)but do sth have no choice but to do sth. 不得不做不得不做3. Why (not) do sth.?4. prefer to+ do sth. rather than do sth.5. advise建議建議 allow允許允許 permit允許允許 forbid禁止禁止6 want/wish/promise + (sb.) + to do sth. hope + to do sth.+doing sth.sb. to sth. 結構結構 : to do (否定否定) not to do 時態(tài)與語態(tài)時態(tài)與語態(tài)主

21、動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式進行式進行式完成式完成式完成進行式完成進行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式一般式表示與謂語的動作同時表示與謂語的動作同時/幾乎幾乎/發(fā)生在發(fā)生在它之后它之后.)(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時在謂語動

22、詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也不定式的動作也正在進行正在進行)(完成式完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you.(完成進行式完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))PracticeRewrite the sentences using infinitives or “in order to/so as to+do”. Change the italicised parts accordingly.

23、 Examples:1. In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.PracticeIn space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle for later use.2. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that

24、it can be recycled for later use.3. Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space._.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have the dream to fly into space one day4. Astronauts bones and muscles can g

25、et very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise everyday, which will help them stay healthy. Practice_.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day to / in order to / so as to stay healthy_._.5. Astr

26、onauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.6. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly to / in order to / so as to k

27、eep their bodies under controlAstronants have to use tape to stick everythingdown while working in space to / in order to / so as to keep everything from floating off3.他總是第一個到辦公室，最后一個離開。He is always _ and the last one to leave the office. 4.有足夠的食物供客人享用。There is enough food for the guests _.Try to complete the sentences with infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial.Production1.要正確地畫地圖，你需要一支特制的筆。_, you need a speicial pen.2.他來晚了，發(fā)現其他人都回家了。He arrived late _.To draw maps correctly to enjoythe first one to cometo find the others had g