英語句子成分及簡單句的五種基本句型PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1第1頁/共48頁Members of the Sentence第2頁/共48頁CONTENTS定義定義：句子成分就是一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分。：句子成分就是一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分。句子成分有：句子成分有：主語、謂語、賓語、表語主語、謂語、賓語、表語 、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語第3頁/共48頁一、主語（一、主語（subject）：）：句子說明的人或事物。主句子說明的人或事物。主語一般位于語一般位于_ 。主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞或化的形容詞或-ed-ed分詞、不定式、分詞、不定式、-ing-ing分

2、詞和分詞和( (主主語語) )從句等。從句等。1名詞充當(dāng)主語。名詞充當(dāng)主語。 Young people love pop music句首句首第4頁/共48頁2代詞充當(dāng)主語。如：代詞充當(dāng)主語。如： It rains quite often in spring 3 數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語。如：數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語。如： Two plus two makes four Five will be enough4名詞化的形容詞或名詞化的形容詞或-ed分詞充當(dāng)主語。分詞充當(dāng)主語。 如：如： The disabled are well taken care of第5頁/共48頁5不定式充當(dāng)主語。如：不定式充當(dāng)主語。如： To

3、 study hard is your duty Its not easy to look after a sick old man6-ing分詞充當(dāng)主語。如：分詞充當(dāng)主語。如： Spitting in public is not allowed Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式形式)主語主語 (真正的真正的)主語主語第6頁/共48頁7從句充當(dāng)主語從句充當(dāng)主語(該從句稱作主語從句該從句稱作主語從句)。 That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(從句從句) How the

4、Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(從句從句)第7頁/共48頁二、謂語二、謂語二、謂語二、謂語:說明主語說明主語做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常。通常由由_ 充當(dāng)充當(dāng).動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,連系動(dòng)連系動(dòng)詞詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞第8頁/共48頁情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和和助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語,必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語.They can speak English well.They will go there tomo

5、rrow.第9頁/共48頁三、賓語三、賓語 賓語賓語(object)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，在句中一表示動(dòng)作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。 賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不定式、定式、-ing分詞、從句等。分詞、從句等。(能做主語的詞能做主語的詞) 1名詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：名詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： Dry wood catches fire easily 2代詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：代詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： We can invite them to our party 第10頁/共48頁 3副詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：副詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： The athletes

6、left there just now4不定式充當(dāng)賓語。如：不定式充當(dāng)賓語。如： Remember to bring your cell phone5-ing分詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：分詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： You wont forget attending his farewell concert They stopped smoking at last 第11頁/共48頁6從句充當(dāng)賓語。如：從句充當(dāng)賓語。如： Do you know how serious the situation is ? I dont understand what you mean 第12頁/共48頁雙賓語雙賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞可

7、以有兩個(gè)賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語: 直接賓語直接賓語(Direct Object)和和間接賓語間接賓語(Indirect Object), 稱為雙賓語稱為雙賓語.這兩個(gè)賓語往往這兩個(gè)賓語往往一個(gè)指人一個(gè)指人(一般為間接賓語一般為間接賓語), 另另一個(gè)指物一個(gè)指物(一般為直接賓語一般為直接賓語). He gave me a book. 間接賓語間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語第13頁/共48頁 間接賓語間接賓語一般放在一般放在直接賓語直接賓語之前。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)之前。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語間接賓語，也可以將也可以將直接賓語直接賓語放在放在間接賓語間接賓語之前之前，要借助于要借助于介詞介詞toto或或f

8、orfor。He passed me the dictionary? （ IOIO ）（）（ D D）He passed the dictionary to me.She bought me a beautiful dress. （ IOIO ）（）（ D D）She bought a beautiful dress for me.此類常見動(dòng)詞：此類常見動(dòng)詞：pass，show, give, lend, hand, offer, tell, send, bring等等此類常見動(dòng)詞：此類常見動(dòng)詞：buy, cook, get, make, sing等等。第14頁/共48頁注意注意: 如果直接賓語

9、是人稱代詞如果直接賓語是人稱代詞, 則間接賓則間接賓語必須后置語必須后置, 并在其前加上介詞并在其前加上介詞to或或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents.第15頁/共48頁第16頁/共48頁Add your title表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài)Add your titleAdd your titleAdd your title感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞變得變得一直保持一直保持看起來，似乎看起來，似乎seem， appear第17頁/共48頁a.名詞名詞 His father is a teacher.b. 代詞代詞 Thi

10、s book is mine.c. 形容詞或分詞短語形容詞或分詞短語 The leaves turn yellow in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting.第18頁/共48頁d. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 One plus one is two.e. 動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語 My job is looking after her. What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.第19頁/共48頁f. 副詞或介詞短

11、語副詞或介詞短語 Sorry, my father isnt in. Tom is in Shanghai now.g. 從句從句 The question is why we should put off the meeting.第20頁/共48頁修飾主語、賓語和表語修飾主語、賓語和表語在翻譯時(shí)往往譯為 “的”后置定語后置定語前置定語前置定語第21頁/共48頁a.形容詞形容詞 Newton is a famous scientist.b. 名詞名詞 Lets listen to the weather forecast first.第22頁/共48頁c. 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 Our school

12、is going to build a swimming pool.d. 分詞短語或動(dòng)詞不定式短語分詞短語或動(dòng)詞不定式短語 She is reading an interesting book. I have no pen to write with.第23頁/共48頁e. 介詞短語或副詞介詞短語或副詞 I havent got the solution to the problem. I used to live in the room above.f. 從句從句 The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher.第24頁/共48頁第

13、25頁/共48頁a.副詞副詞 Who can write beautifully?b. 介詞短語介詞短語 Were going to spend the holiday at the seaside.c. 分詞短語分詞短語 Not knowing what to do I decided to give up.第26頁/共48頁d. 動(dòng)詞不定式短語動(dòng)詞不定式短語 His mother often comes to see him.e. 名詞名詞 Please come this way.f. 從句從句 As soon as the teacher came in, all the studen

14、ts stood up.第27頁/共48頁復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語賓補(bǔ)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語賓補(bǔ)nadj adv.介詞短語分詞短語與動(dòng)詞不定式v常用的帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞常用的帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞 ： think, consider, feel, find, want，have, see, hear, notice, make, get, leave, ask, keep.第28頁/共48頁I consider your brother a clever boy.I found the classroom empty.I saw him enter the room.I believe him to be honest

15、.I heard the boy crying.He left the girl in the room.第29頁/共48頁八、八、 同位語同位語 在一個(gè)句子中在一個(gè)句子中, 一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)名詞或代詞代詞, 或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或從句從句, 放在另一個(gè)名詞或代詞放在另一個(gè)名詞或代詞之后之后, 用以說明它的性質(zhì)或情用以說明它的性質(zhì)或情況況, 被稱為同位語被稱為同位語(Appositive). 可作可作同位語的通常有同位語的通常有:第30頁/共48頁a.名詞名詞 This is my best friend, Tom.b. 代詞代詞 We all got a surprise.c

16、. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 This prize is for you two.d. 從句從句 I had no idea that you were here.第31頁/共48頁 就是一個(gè)最簡單的就是一個(gè)最簡單的句子構(gòu)成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一句子構(gòu)成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)人的頭部和軀干。并由此構(gòu)成了英語的五種基個(gè)人的頭部和軀干。并由此構(gòu)成了英語的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)本結(jié)構(gòu)1. S+V 主語謂語主語謂語2. S+V+P 主語系動(dòng)詞表語主語系動(dòng)詞表語3. S+V+O 主語謂語賓語主語謂語賓語4. S+V+o+O 主語謂語雙賓語主語謂語雙賓語5. S+V+O+C 主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)主語謂語賓語賓

17、補(bǔ)第32頁/共48頁1. S+V+P 主系表英語五種基本句型This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells good.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.第33頁/共48頁2. S+V 主謂（不及物動(dòng)詞）英語五種基本句型英語五種基本句型The sun was shinning.We all breathe, eat and drink.His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.第34頁/共48頁3.

18、 S+V+O 主謂（及物動(dòng)詞）賓英語五種基本句型Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.第35頁/共48頁4. S+V+ o + O 主謂間賓直賓英語五種基本句型He brought you a dictionary.He showed me how to run the machine.第36頁/共48頁5. S+V+O +C 主謂復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)英語五種基本句型They painted the door green.We saw him out.He

19、 asked me to get back soon.第37頁/共48頁第38頁/共48頁 B 6. He got angry. 7. He got up. 8. You will get a surprise. 9. He got his shoes wet. 10. He got her a present. 小結(jié)：同一動(dòng)詞在不同的句型里用法也不盡其同小結(jié)：同一動(dòng)詞在不同的句型里用法也不盡其同。第39頁/共48頁The sun is rising in the east.She likes reading.His face turned red.I showed him my pictures.They painted the door green.第40頁/共48頁溫馨提示： 復(fù)雜的英語句子都是基于五種簡單句，在前面或后面增加一些修飾語加以擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。我們只需要理清句子的主干就可以正確把握句子的意思。這些修飾語可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。第41頁/共48頁 We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。 We found