時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí) (2)

1、Tense and voice Tense and voice (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))（過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）Make out what tenses they are.(過(guò)去完成時(shí))（過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）(一般將來(lái)時(shí))（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1、用法、用法:（1）表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Father often _( go) to work on foot.goes（2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)的特征）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)的特征He _(be) busy at the moment.is（3）表示客觀真理、諺語(yǔ)等）表示客觀真理、諺語(yǔ)等Trains _(r

2、un) faster than cars.run（4）用于時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一）用于時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一 般將來(lái)時(shí)。般將來(lái)時(shí)。（主將從現(xiàn)）（主將從現(xiàn)） We will go to the park if it _(not rain) tomorrow. We will leave for home as soon as the meeting _(be) over tomorrow.doesnt rainis2、 句子基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：(1) He works in the factory . Does he work in the factory ?He doe

3、snt work in the factory. (2) I work in the factory . Do you work in the factory ?I dont work in the factory . (3) They are teachers in the school .Are they teachers in the school ?They arent teachers in the school . 二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)1、用法：、用法：1）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I _(go) to visit a friend

4、 of mine yesterday.went He_ (be) a soldier three years ago.was2）表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。）表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 She often_ (run) in the morning when she was young.ran3）在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)）在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(主將從現(xiàn)）主將從現(xiàn)） He said he would give her the book if he _(see) her.saw2 2、 句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：(1) He worked in the factor

5、y . Did he work in the factory ?He didnt work in the factory. (2) They were teachers in the school .Were they teachers in the school ?They werent teachers in the school . 有時(shí)句中雖沒(méi)有表示確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)有時(shí)句中雖沒(méi)有表示確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但根據(jù) 實(shí)際語(yǔ)言意境可判斷動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是過(guò)去發(fā)生的。實(shí)際語(yǔ)言意境可判斷動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是過(guò)去發(fā)生的。（不表示客觀真理（不表示客觀真理)1) I _(forget) to bring m

6、y calculator with me.forgot描寫已故之人的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)均需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。描寫已故之人的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)均需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。2) Mark Twain _(write)a lot of short stories in his life.wrote4、注意的問(wèn)題：、注意的問(wèn)題：三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1、用法：、用法：（1）表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。）表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 The dog _(run) after a cat now.is running（2）表示一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）表示一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 They_(build) the restaurant th

7、ese days.are building2 2、 句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：(1) He is studying in his room . Is he studying in his room?He isnt studying in his room. 3、須注意的問(wèn)題：、須注意的問(wèn)題：某些表示感官知覺(jué)與心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)某些表示感官知覺(jué)與心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。行時(shí)，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。see ,hear, smell,taste,think, like,hate,want, know, have, wish, etc.He wants to visit

8、 his grandfather now.We _(have) a meeting thewhole morning yesterday.were having四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)四、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1、用法：、用法：1）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 He _(walk) down the street this time yesterday.was walking2）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。3）表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)過(guò)程發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這）表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)過(guò)程發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這 個(gè)過(guò)程往往用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。個(gè)過(guò)程往往用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。(1)I

9、 _(read) an English book when he came to see me.was reading(2)My mother came back while I_ (do)my homework.was doing(While 表示表示“在在期間期間”，因此所引，因此所引導(dǎo)從句是導(dǎo)從句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而，而 when 引導(dǎo)從句，引導(dǎo)從句，動(dòng)作有短暫也有延續(xù)的動(dòng)作有短暫也有延續(xù)的,在這類情況下，在這類情況下，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)）when he was watching TV.2 2、 句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：(1) He was study

10、ing in his room . Was he studying in his room?He wasnt studying in his room. 五、一般將來(lái)時(shí)五、一般將來(lái)時(shí)1、用法：、用法：表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。的狀態(tài)。They _(fly) to Japan the day after tomorrow. will fly口語(yǔ)中大量使用口語(yǔ)中大量使用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)構(gòu)表示事先事先打算有意圖要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作打算有意圖要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或或客觀情況下即客觀情況下即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Look at the cl

11、ouds. It is going to rain.(1)Miss Green _(come) to the party next Sunday.is coming(2) Look! The old man _(die). We must send him to the hospital at once.is dying有些表示位置移動(dòng)或狀態(tài)改變的動(dòng)詞（go, come, leave, arrive, die 等等）,用它們的進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2、須注意的問(wèn)題：2 2、 句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：1. We will have a test next week . Will you

12、 have a test next week ?We wont have a test next week.2. We are going to have a test next week.Are you going to have a test next week ?We arent going to have a test next week .六、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1、用法： 表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)候來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。(1)Mother promised that she_ (take) me to the park this Sunday.would take(2) Cok

13、e said that he_(make) a trip to the seaside next Tuesday.was going to make 2 2、 句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：1. We should/would have a test next week . Would you have a test next week ?We shall not / wont have a test next week.2. We were going to have a test next week.Were you going to have a test next week ?We we

14、rent going to have a test next week .四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)四、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (The Present Perfect Tense)1、用法：、用法：1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果(1)They_(buy) a new house,so they will move into it tomorrow.have bought(2) She_ (lose) her ring,so she wants to buy a new one .has lost2)表示過(guò)去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)表示過(guò)去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)

15、作或狀態(tài), 常與常與“for+時(shí)間段時(shí)間段”或或“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句”連用。連用。have learned(2) They_ (stay) in this hotel since last Tuesday. have stayed (1) We_ (learn) English for seven years.2 2、 句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)句子基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：1. We have learned 3000words since 2004 . Have you learned 3000words since 2004 ?We havent learned 3000words since 2

16、004.2. He has already completed his work .Has he completed his work yet ?He hasnt completed his work yet .4、注意的問(wèn)題、注意的問(wèn)題:1）區(qū)別區(qū)別: have/has been to have/has gone to have /has been in(1) She _Beijing,she isnt here now.has gone to(2) I _Canada twicehave been to2）瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：）瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：瞬間動(dòng)詞表示短暫不能持續(xù)一

17、段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。瞬間動(dòng)詞表示短暫不能持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。如如come, go, leave, start, begin, buy, become, die等等而持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。而持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。如如work, stay, live, learn 等等表示表示“曾到過(guò)某地曾到過(guò)某地”表示表示“已去某地已去某地”表示表示“在某地待了一段時(shí)間在某地待了一段時(shí)間”(3) He _Shanghai for 2 days . has been in Tell the following sentences true or false. (1)I have bought

18、 the book for a week. ( ) (2)I have had the book for a week. ( ) FT 第一句動(dòng)詞第一句動(dòng)詞buy 屬于瞬間動(dòng)詞，瞬間動(dòng)詞不能屬于瞬間動(dòng)詞，瞬間動(dòng)詞不能與與“for + 時(shí)間段時(shí)間段”、“since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句”連用，連用，如果要用，必須將瞬間動(dòng)詞改成持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果要用，必須將瞬間動(dòng)詞改成持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。leave die buy put on borrowjoin close catch a cold go outfinish/end arrive here begin/start becomebe awaybe

19、 dead have wearkeepbe a/anbe inbe closedhave a coldbe outbe overbe herebe on3）since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。We_(stay) in this school since we _ (come) to the city.have stayedcame4）句型：）句型：It is/has +時(shí)間段時(shí)間段+ since 瞬間動(dòng)詞瞬間動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式，過(guò)去式， 意為意為“自從自從多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”It is six we

20、eks since they came here.We have had the books for two years . It _the books .is/has been 2years since we bought 八、過(guò)去完成時(shí)八、過(guò)去完成時(shí) (The Past Perfect Tense)1、用法：、用法： 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，可以用五個(gè)字簡(jiǎn)單概括為成了的動(dòng)作，可以用五個(gè)字簡(jiǎn)單概括為“過(guò)去的過(guò)過(guò)去的過(guò)去去”。(1)By last night we_ (get) everything ready for the

21、 party. (2) Before he joined NBA, Yao Ming_ (play) for a basketball team in Shanghai for several years. had gothad playedwill goHe said he _ （not,speak） at the meeting the next day. speak is spokenwere foundmust be doneActive Voice 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Passive Voice被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.English _ by many people.2.The dinosa

22、ur eggs _ in Liaoning.3. Something _ to stop the pollution.判斷下列各句屬于那種語(yǔ)態(tài)：判斷下列各句屬于那種語(yǔ)態(tài)：1. Many people speak English.2. The bike was mended yesterday.3. The flowers smell sweet.4. The trees were watered by us just now.5. He teaches English in our school.6. The house was built in 1949.7. The work must b

23、e finished in two days.8. School begins in September.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)一般過(guò)一般過(guò) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)過(guò)去進(jìn)過(guò)去進(jìn)一般將一般將過(guò)去將過(guò)去將現(xiàn)在完現(xiàn)在完過(guò)去完過(guò)去完V/V esbe (am/is/are)+V-ingV-ed/不規(guī)則不規(guī)

24、則be(was/were)+V-ingwill/be going to+Vwould/ be going to+Vhave/has+ V pphad+ V ppam/is/are+V ppwas/were+ V ppam/is/are+being+ V ppwas/were+being+ V ppwill/be going to+be+ V ppwould/ be going to+be+ V pphave/has+been+ V pphad+been+ V pp用所給動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)填空用所給動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)填空1.Trees _(water) by them every day. 2.Math

25、s _(teach) in our school.3.His bike _ (buy) two years ago.4.The match _ (win) by our team yesterday.5.The work _ (finish) in a few days.6.They _ (tell) to come on time last night.7.All the windows _(close) already.8.The station _ (build) now.are wateredis taughtwas boughtwas wonwill be finishedwere

26、toldhave been closedis being built用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.We can _(finish) my homework on time.2.The work can _ (finish) in two days.3.Tom wasnt able to _ (have) chicks.4.Polly must _ (take) care of by Ling Feng.5.She may _(teach) by her mother.6.The book has to _（write）in English. finishbe finish

27、edhavebe takenbe taughtbe written被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：（1）不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)）不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)，不用行者是誰(shuí)，不用by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者短語(yǔ)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者短語(yǔ) I havent been told about it . 這些書是為兒童寫的。這些書是為兒童寫的。These books are written for children.沒(méi)有人告訴我這件事沒(méi)有人告訴我這件事（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)用）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)用by短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)。 (通常用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的前面通常用在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的前面)Its said / believed

28、/ reported / + that The cup was broken by David yesterday.（3）作客觀說(shuō)明時(shí)，常采用一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型）作客觀說(shuō)明時(shí)，常采用一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this accident. 據(jù)報(bào)道，這次事故中大約有三百人死亡。據(jù)報(bào)道，這次事故中大約有三百人死亡。 4. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的步驟：（2）判斷時(shí)態(tài)判斷時(shí)態(tài) （動(dòng)詞改為對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式）（動(dòng)詞改為對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式）（1）找賓語(yǔ)找賓語(yǔ) （把原句中的賓

29、語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)）（把原句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?？疾榈膸追N類型被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常考查的幾種類型（1 1）含雙賓語(yǔ)的（直接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)）含雙賓語(yǔ)的（直接賓語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)）He gave me a book. I was given a book by him. A book was given to me by Tom. 物做主語(yǔ)人前加物做主語(yǔ)人前加to/forto/for（2）主動(dòng)態(tài)中省略了）主動(dòng)態(tài)中省略了to的不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building

30、.英語(yǔ)中有英語(yǔ)中有“十大動(dòng)詞十大動(dòng)詞”的說(shuō)法，即的說(shuō)法，即feel , feel , hear , listen to , look , watch , see , hear , listen to , look , watch , see , noticenotice have , make , let , have , make , let , ，這些詞在主，這些詞在主動(dòng)句中，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不加動(dòng)句中，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不加toto，但變被，但變被動(dòng)句時(shí)必須加動(dòng)句時(shí)必須加to. to. （3 3）含有短語(yǔ)的）含有短語(yǔ)的不能去掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞不能去掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞I tu

31、rned off the radio. The radio was turned off (by me). 6. 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1）當(dāng)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞和相）當(dāng)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞和相互代詞時(shí)，不能改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?；ゴ~時(shí)，不能改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2）當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)（如）當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)（如happen , take place ）The accident happened at night .We often help each other. I hurt myself yesterday .1.The Chinese built the Gre

32、at Wall 2,000 years ago.The Great Wall was built by the 2000 years ago.More trees must be planted next year.Big ships are produced in Dalian.Rice is harvested in autumn.Our classroom should be cleaned every day.5.We should clean our classroom every day.4.Farmers harvest rice in autumn .3.Dalian prod

33、uces big ships.2. We must plant more trees next year.1.They heard him say good-bye to his teacher after class. He _ good-bye to his teacher after class.2.They could make him do the work just now. He _ the work just now.3.His teacher notices him play a computer. He _ a computer.was heard to saycan be

34、 made to do is noticed to play1. His mother bought him a bike yesterday. He _ a bike by his mother yesterday. A bike _ him by his mother yesterday. 2. I saw the girl drawing in class. The girl _ in class. 3. He has to lend me a pen. I _ a pen by him. A pen _ me by him.was bought was bought for was s

35、een drawing have to be lent has to be lent to 4. They take good care of the children every Sunday. The children _.5. Who made it ? _ _ it _ by ?= By _ _ it _ ? are taken good care of by them Who wasmadewhommade was擴(kuò)展精練擴(kuò)展精練: 1. The computer _ in Japan in 2003 and I have had it for only a week .A. was made B. can be made C. is made D. made 2. Most of the work in our office _