廣州專用滬教牛津版八年級英語上冊主要知識點

1、廣州八年級英語（上冊）主要知識點Unit 1 Newspapers121.Useful phrases and expressionsTake charge of 主管，掌管Vote for 投贊成票Take note 記錄Be responsible for 負(fù)責(zé)，有責(zé)任Talk .over 詳談Make a list of .把列成清單Be free for (someone) 對（某人）免費Pay.for 付費Make a decision about. 對作出決定In one week's time 一周后A copy of 一份For free 免費From the air

2、從空中Of one's own 某人自己的Have the habit of. 有的習(xí)慣Try one's best 盡力Try to (do something) 盡力（做某事）Try doing something 嘗試做某事Believe in oneself 相信自己Once a week 每周一次Be pleased with. 對滿意Keep fit 保持健康Have a high fever 發(fā)高燒At break 課間休息Not at all 一點也不，完全不Get on well 相處得好For this reason 因為這樣2.語法language: sh

3、ould and ought to (positive) should not and ought not to (negative)3.辨析3.1 Other, the other, another(1) Other 表示泛指，沒有特定的范圍。 E.g. Lei Feng always helped other people. (2) The other 意為“另一個”，一般用于兩者之間。其句型為：one.the other.（一個另一個）E.g. The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.(3) an

4、other 表示三者或者三者以上的其他任何一個。意為“再一；又一”。E.g. Would you like another cup of tea?注意： the other 和other 后均可加名詞，但是意思有所不同，“the other+名詞”表示一定范圍內(nèi)出一部分外其余的全部，而"other+名詞"表示出去部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。3.2 Spend, cost, take, pay “花費”A. spend 主語必須為人，常用于一下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) spend time/money on sth. 在某物上花費時間、金錢。 E.g. I spend two h

5、ours on this maths problem. (2) spend time/ money (in) doing sth. 花費時間、金錢做某事。 E.g. They spend two years (in) doing this bridge. (3) spend money for sth. 花錢買某物E.g. His money was spent for books.B. cost 的主語是物或者某種活動，還可以表示“值”，常見的用法如下：(1) sth. cost (sb.)+金錢表示“某物花了（某人）多少錢”。E.g. A computer costs a lot of m

6、oney.(2) (doing) something cost (sb.) +時間表示“（做某事）某物花了（某人）多少時間?！盓.g. Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.C. take 后面常跟雙賓語，常見的用法如下：(1) it takes sb.+時間+ to do sth. 做某事花費了某人多少時間。E.g. It took them three years to build this road.(2) doing sth. takes sb.+時間表示“做某事花了某人多少時間”。E.g. Repairing this

7、car took him the whole afternoon.D. pay 的基本用法：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢給某人買某物。E.g. I have to pay him two dollars for this bread.(2) pay for (sth.) 付某物的錢。E.g. I have to pay for the lost book.(3) pay for sb. 替某人付錢。E.g. Don't worry. I will pay for you.3.3 till, until 兩者都可以用作介詞和連詞，也都可以用于肯定句和否定

8、句中。Till 比 until 的語氣輕，一般不放在句首。3.4 ago, before.Ago 表示從現(xiàn)在算起一段時間“以前，”和動詞的一般過去式連用。放在所修飾詞后面。E.g. I knew him many years ago.Before 用于表示從過去的某時算起若干時間以前，通常與動詞的完成時連用。E.g. I have never heard of her before.3.5 Alone 與lonely Alone 獨自一人，充當(dāng)標(biāo)語形容詞（不作定于用）。 充當(dāng)狀語。 E.g. She lives alone in the house.Lonely 孤獨的，指心理上的愁悶?？勺鞅?/p>

9、語和定語。E.g. He doesn't fell lonely.4. 知識點拓展：4.1 agree with sb. 表示“同意某人或者某人所說的話”。E.g. He agree with me. agree to +表示“建議，計劃，辦法”的詞E.g. He agreed to our suggestion.agree on+ 表“具體協(xié)商的文件，計劃”等E.g. We agree on the plan.agree to do sth. 同意做某事E.g. We agree to go swimming. 4.2 leave 的用法： leave 作動詞，表示“留下，丟下” ,

10、 英語中表示“把某物遺忘在某處”常用“l(fā)eave+某物+地點”。E.g. He left his key at home.4.3 as well as 的用法：as well as 而且，還，也as well as 可以用來連接兩個相同的成分，如名詞，形容詞，代詞，介詞，此時雖然連接的是兩個并列成分，但是強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點在前面不在后面。意思為：“不但而且” “既又”, “除了之外，還有” 。翻譯時要先譯后面再譯前面。E.g. Living things need air and light as well as water. 生物不僅需要水，還需要空氣和陽光。as well as 還用于同級比較注意

11、： as well “也”，一般用于肯定句句末，相當(dāng)于"too"。4.4 much too 與 too much much too “太”，副詞短語。too much “太多”形容詞短語。E.g. He felt much too tired because he has too much homework.Unit 2 detectives and crimes 1. Useful phrases and expressionsThe same .as.和同樣的No longer 不再 Break into 強(qiáng)行闖入Go to jail 進(jìn)監(jiān)獄Instead of 代替，

12、 而不是Behind bars 坐牢At the back of .在的后部At the front of .在前部Go in 進(jìn)入室內(nèi)Refuse to do sth.拒絕做某事Bump into someone/something 碰撞到某人、某物 take away 帶走，拿走Get away 逃離，脫身At the time of .在期間Say goodnight to someone 向某人道晚安Knock at 敲，擊Break.down 打到From a distance 從遠(yuǎn)方，從遠(yuǎn)處In addition to 除以外Kill oneself 自殺Lose money 輸錢

13、Be angry with someone 生某人的氣2.語法Language :infinitives（動詞不定式）gerunds (動名詞）不定式充當(dāng)句子各種成分的具體用法：2.1 不定式作主語： （1）動詞不定式放在句首作主語，表示某個具體或?qū)淼膭幼?。E.g. To swim in the river is dangerous.（2）在現(xiàn)代英語中為了平衡句子，常用it 作形式主語，而把真正作主語的不定式放在后邊。E.g. It is dangerous to swim in the river.（2）在（1）的情況下，可以用介詞for 或of 來引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語。E.g. It

14、 is difficult for the foreigners to learn Chinese.2.2 不定式作賓語：（1）動詞不定式可以作某些動詞的賓語，表示具體的動作或行為。E.g. I can not afford to buy a new car.（2）有些動詞后既可以接不定式又可以接動名詞作賓語。但意思卻不盡相同。動名詞作賓語表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性，而不定式表示某次具體的活動或行為。這樣的動詞有：start, begin, continue, fear, like, love 等。I like swimming, but I don't like to swim in suc

15、h a cold weather.（3）有時可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正作賓語的動詞不定式放在后面。E.g. I find it hard to persuade her.（4）有些動詞后面接不定式作賓語表示動作尚未發(fā)生，接動名詞作賓語表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。Remember, forget, stop, etc.2.3動詞不定式作表語E.g. My job is to teach you English.2.4 動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語動詞不定式可以在某些動詞后面作其賓語補(bǔ)足語。此類動詞有：ask, allow, except, encourage, force, permit, order,

16、persuade. Request.E.g. He helps me to study English.2.5動詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語E.g. The boy was made to work all day long.2.6動詞不定式作定語2.7 動詞不定式可以用在名詞后面作定語。 E.g. I have many letters to answer.2.8動詞不定式作狀語2.9 表目的E.g. He worked hard to support his large family.3.0表結(jié)果E.g. He hurried home to find his wife gone.3.1 表原因E

17、.g. We are proud to be Chinese. 3. 辨析：hope, wish, except. to do sth. Hope I hope to see you soon.=I hope that I will see you soon. that - clause to do sth. that -clause(虛擬語氣） I wish that I could see you soon.wish sb. to do I wish you to have a good time. sb. +adj./n.(雙賓語） Wish you successful/ succes

18、s. to do sth. except that-clause I except you to win the game. sb. to do sth. Unit 3 modern machines 1. Useful phrases and expressionsBe unaware of 沒有意識到；不知道 Be dependent on 依靠，依賴 More importantly 更重要的是For the time being 暫時，眼下Have great understanding of . 對有很深的了解Make mistakes 犯錯Link.together 把連接起來2.

19、 語法Language: 1）the comparative of adjectives.(形容詞比較級） 2）The superlative of adjectives (形容詞最高級）2.1 形容詞比較等級構(gòu)成：單音節(jié)詞以及少數(shù)一er, ow, le 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，一般加-er和-est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級，多音節(jié)詞加more和most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級(cold, large, thin)有些是不規(guī)則的，需要特別記憶。 E.g. Many-more-most little-less-least ill-worse-worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest 2

20、.2 形容詞比較等級應(yīng)該注意的問題：（1）比較級可以用表示程度的數(shù)量詞，倍數(shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)等，用作狀語。E.g. I am a head taller than you. Our room is twice as large yours.（2） 形容詞比較級前加much, even, still, far, a little, lot 等，加強(qiáng)語氣。2.3 比較級+and+ 比較級，表示“越來越”； the + 比較級, the + 比較級表示“越，就越”。（1）同類東西方能比較E.g. The weather in Qingdao is cooler than Jinan.(錯誤）The weat

21、her in Qingdao is cooler that in Jinan.(正確）（2）使用比較級時，要把自己除外，常與other或者else連用。E.g. He is younger than the boys in his class.(wrong)He is younger than other boys in his class.（3） as .as 之間可以加名詞，但是要注意名詞的語序。E.g. I have as many books as you.3. 辨析：in future, in the future 與 in the near future1） in future 以

22、后，今后 E.g. Please be on time in future.2） in the future “將來，未來”，距離現(xiàn)在較遠(yuǎn)E.g. Man may be able to live on the moon in the future.3） in the near future 不久的將來E.g. Our spaceship will go to the moon in the near future.4. 由time 組成的詞組：All the time 一直，始終At a time 一次，每次At any time 隨時，在任何時候On time 準(zhǔn)時in no time 立即

23、at all time 總是，始終Time and time again 一再，屢屢Have a good time 玩得高興，過得愉快At one time 過去有一段時間At times, from time to time 有時，不時At the same time 同時In time 及時At one time 一度，同時By the time 到的時候For the first time 第一次5."to"的固定用法： The key to the door 門上的鑰匙The way to the school 去學(xué)校的路The entrance to . 到的入

24、口The reply to . 的回答6.介詞"with"的用法：(1)和（一起）；同（一起） E.g. Have dinner with a friend shake hands with sb.(2)在身邊；在身上 E.g. Take a pen with you. 7. with 用工具 E.g. Write with a pen.(1) 說明表示動作的詞，表示“伴隨，隨著，和同時” E.g. Change with the temperature. With these words he left the room. (2) 說明名詞，表示事物的附屬部分或具有的性質(zhì)

25、）具有；帶有；包括在內(nèi)。E.g. A country with a long history.(3)（表示一致）在一邊，與一致 E.g. A country with a long history.8. Pay attention to中的“ to ”為介詞，短語中“to”為介詞的還有：Look forward to. 期待，期盼Lead to . 導(dǎo)致Devote to .致力于Devote oneself to .獻(xiàn)身于Unit 4 Historical stories 1.Useful phrases and expressionsRush down 急促沖下Send someone t

26、o prison 把某人送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄On wheels 下面裝著輪子的Show respect to .尊重Make jokes about(someone)開某人的玩笑Pray to.祈禱，禱告Along with. 與同樣地；除了以外（還）Feel like (doing something) 想要做某事Succeed in (doing something) 搬到，做成Put in prison 關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄With a trick 通過一個計謀Read about 讀到Be made of. 用做的Po.把倒進(jìn)Take care of 照顧，照料Read about 讀到Trad

27、e in 做買賣；做生意2. 辨析：except, except for, besides2.1 except，介詞，“除之外”，表示例外，排除，含有否定的意思。它表示排除的是同類的事物或者行為。E.g. He gets up every day except Sunday. He went nowhere except the library.2.2 except for 表示“除之外”，它后面的賓語一般與句子里所涉及的內(nèi)容并非同類事物或行為。E.g. The story is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.2.3 besid

28、es 表示“除了之外還有”E.g. We all went swimming besides him.3. 辨析：beat, win 3.1 beat 后接的一般是競爭對手等E.g. We know it is easy to beat him.3.2 win 表示“贏得，獲勝”，賓語一般是比賽，競賽等。E.g. We won the game in the end.4. 辨析：be made of, be made from4.1 be made of 由制成，能從某物上看出原材料E.g. The sunflowers are made of paper.4.2 be made from 由

29、制成，從某物上看不出原材料E.g. The paper is made from wood.5. 辨析：alive, live, living ,lively.5.1 alive 多用作表語，多用于修飾人，表示“活著的”。它也可以用作定語，放在被修飾詞的后面。E.g. He is the oldest man alive in the world.The hunter caught a bear alive.5.2 live 作形容詞時只用于物，作定語，基本意義是“活的”，它還有很多引申意義。 E.g. This is a live fish.5.3 living 表示“活著的，現(xiàn)存的”，可指

30、人，也可指物。在句中作表語或者定語。作定語時，可作前置也可以后置。E.g. He is the greatest living novelist in the world.5.4 lively 表示“有生氣的，活潑的；（顏色）鮮明的，真實的?！盓.g. What lively colour！He gave a lively description of the football game.6. 語法Language:6.1 the present tense and the simple past tense.(現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時）現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，但一般過去時只表示過去

31、的事實。不表示與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。（關(guān)鍵：動作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系還是只與過去有關(guān)系）。E.g. My car has broken down.(現(xiàn)在仍然是壞的，因此我不得不乘出租車上班）My car broke down. (不知道現(xiàn)在是否已經(jīng)修好）6.2 Exclamathons 感嘆句What + 不定冠詞 +形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語！How + 形容、副詞+ 主語+謂語！E.g. What an interesting story it is! How beautiful flowers they are!我們也可以用一個段短語或者句子來表示感嘆。 E.g. Oh no!Unit 5 Strange

32、 Creatures1. Useful phrase and expressionIn no time 立馬Take off 拆掉Sell out 賣光，售完Right away 立刻，馬上Take pleasure in .從中得到樂趣Make a complaint 提出訴求In the shape of. 呈的形狀Beg.someone to do something 請求某人做某事All one's life 一輩子In return 作為回報Start off 首先進(jìn)行，一開始是Shout at 對大聲說話Respond to 對作出反應(yīng)Promise to do somet

33、hing 承諾做某事Complain about. 抱怨，投訴Come back 回來，返回2. Language: adverbs 副詞 ：我們通常在形容詞后加-ly構(gòu)成這些副詞。（hard, fast, late）既可以作形容詞又可以作副詞。3. 辨析：begin to do sth. begin doing sth. 都是開始做某事的意思，但是在以下的情況下通常用begin to do sth.1）主語是物而不是人時2 ）begin 為"beginning" 這個形式時3 ）其后的動詞與想法，感情有時。E.g. She began to understand it.4

34、. 辨析：die of, die from1) die of 表示“因而死”，原因多來自內(nèi)部，后面常接以下名詞：old age , illness, sorrow, cancer, joy, grief, a disease.E.g. She died of illness.2) die from意思為“由于而死”，原因來自外部，后面常接以下名: a traffic accident, an earthquake, carelessness.E.g. He died from a traffic accident.5. 拓展：與all 有關(guān)的短語After all 畢竟，終究All right

35、 行，好All the same 仍然，還是All the time 一直All though 盡管如此In all 總共Not at all 一點也不6.與take 有關(guān)的短語Take somebody's arm 挽著某人的胳膊Take somebody in one's arms 擁抱某人Take the first place 居首位，得第一Take a holiday 休假Take a day off 請一天假Take photographs 拍照Take one's temperature 測量體溫Take a train 坐火車Unit 6 jobs 1.

36、 Useful phrases and expressionsBe used to do something 用來做Break down 壞掉，出故障Make apologies 道歉Remove .from.移開，拿開Apologize to someone 向某人道歉Divide. between A and B 在A和B 之間分享、分配Have the ability to do something 有能力做某事Have a great sense of humour 有很強(qiáng)的幽默感Tell jokes 講笑話At holiday times 在休假期間Be free from .不受傷

37、害Laugh about.嘲笑As long as 只要Be rude to. 對無禮/ 粗魯Pay taxes 繳稅Be prepared to do something 準(zhǔn)備做某事Get upset 感到難過Apply for. 申請An expert in .（方面）的專家Have the experience of .有的經(jīng)歷2. 辨析：all the time, always 2.1 all the time 是一個副詞性短語，意為“一直，始終”，表示從某一個特定階段開始一直到結(jié)束，不表示頻率，常置于句末。 E.g. He is singing all the time.2.2 al

38、ways 是表示頻率的一個副詞，意為“總是”，表示動作的反復(fù)，狀態(tài)的繼續(xù)，其反義詞是never,它與進(jìn)行時連用，常譯為“總是，老是”，表示贊美，厭煩等感情色彩。E.g. He always gets up early.3. 辨析：have to, must 1) have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)法律，條文規(guī)定或客觀要求“不得不”E.g. It is late. I have to go now.2 )must 強(qiáng)調(diào)個人主觀的看法或者強(qiáng)調(diào)勸告“有必要，必須”。E.g. I have something to do. I must go now.4. 辨析： all, whole 1) all 用于修飾不可數(shù)

39、名詞或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞。位于定冠詞，指示代詞，物主代詞及名詞所有格之前。E.g. He ate all his vegetables.We walked all the way. 2 )whole 用于修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。Whole位于冠詞，指示代詞，物主代詞及名詞所有格之后。 E.g. This whole week has passed quickly.5. 辨析：not.any more, no more, not .any longer, no longer.1) not.any more =no more，作狀語時修飾非延續(xù)性的動詞，用來說明在程度和數(shù)量上的“不再”，多用于將來時態(tài)。2) n

40、ot .any longer=no longer.修飾延續(xù)性的動詞，表示時間，狀態(tài)，距離不再延續(xù)，著重與現(xiàn)在和過去的情況對比。3 )no longer 位于句中，no more 常出現(xiàn)在句末，not .any longer與not.any more 的位置是not 位于句中，any longer, any more 通常在句尾。4 )no more 除了作狀語外，還可以作定語，賓語，而no longer 只能作狀語。E.g. He no longer comes to school late.= he does not come to school late any longer.I have no more to say.（賓語）I have no more money with me.（定語）6.辨析：be goi