高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解推理題及詞義猜測(cè)題

1、高一英語(yǔ)專題培優(yōu) 閱讀理解解題技巧第三節(jié)：閱讀理解之推理判斷題分析解讀：推理判斷題考查學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，對(duì)作者的態(tài)度及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展做出正確推理判斷的能力?？忌璞M量考慮文中的全部信息和事實(shí)，在理解通篇文章的基礎(chǔ)上去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意，并做出正確的推斷，這是對(duì)文章深層次的把握，屬于高層次的閱讀理解。即根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的已知信息，推斷出未知部分。文章中沒(méi)有明確的答案。要求考生從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)。技巧點(diǎn)撥：1. 常見提問(wèn)方式：(1) It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that _?(2)

2、 The writer suggests that_?(3) The author uses the example of to show that _?(4) Whats the authors attitude toward _?(5) From the story we can guess _?(6) What would happen if _?(7) Which of the following does the author agree with?(8) Whats the tone 語(yǔ)氣of the author?(9) The paragraph following the p

3、assage will most probably be _?(10) Where would this passage most probably appear?2. 解答步驟：（1） 定位信息：通過(guò)尋讀找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)。（2） 字面理解：理解相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)的字面意義。（3） 深層理解：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和常識(shí)，在字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推斷， 從而理解作者的言外之意。3. 干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：（1） 只是原文的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述，而非推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論，把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)做間接推理。（2） 看似從原文推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論，然而實(shí)際上與原文不符，如因果倒置，手段變目的等。（3） 根據(jù)考生已有的常識(shí)來(lái)看是正確的，但是卻不是基于文章（4

4、） 推理過(guò)頭，引申過(guò)度。4. 注意：有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說(shuō)出來(lái)，我們可根據(jù)字面意思，通過(guò)研究語(yǔ)篇的邏輯關(guān)系和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，來(lái)推敲作者的態(tài)度，進(jìn)行深層理解。典型例析：一 推斷隱含意義：例：Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the be

5、etle is called "the deathwatch beetle."Q：It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle _.A. leased people B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.練一練: One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, “I need two small mice and about five

6、 dozen roaches(蟑螂) and two spiders(蜘蛛).” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well,” replied the man, “Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord(房東) insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”Q: The passage suggests

7、 that when the writer moved into the apartment, it was _. Avery clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects (昆蟲)技巧：這類題干中通常含有infer, imply, suggest, conclude, indicate(暗示)等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。解題步驟：1, 全面分析 2, 忠實(shí)原文 3, 不要選擇表層信息二 推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度：例：But in London, dinner parties a

8、re in peoples homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York the mix is less interesting. Its like a gathering at Bloomingdales, a well-known dep

9、artment store. Q：What does the author think of the parties in London? A. A bit unusual. B. Full of tricks. C. Less costly. D. More interesting練一練: Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery(行賄)，and death. Frankly, Im sick of all this bad news.Q: Whats author

10、s attitude towards the newspaper reporting? A. Complain B. Apologize C. Admiring D. Support技巧：注意作者表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞及所舉的例子，推斷出作者的弦外之音。站在作者的立場(chǎng)或角度思考答案。表示態(tài)度的形容詞：(1)positive 積極的 (9) reserved(2)negative 消極的 (10) indifferent 漠不關(guān)心的(3) optimistic 樂(lè)觀的 (11)cautious 謹(jǐn)慎的(4) pessimistic 悲觀的 (12) surprised 驚訝的(5) o

11、bjective 客觀的 (13)sympathize 同情的(6) subjective 主觀的 (14)support 支持的(7) admiring 羨慕的 (15)doubt 懷疑的(8)critical 批評(píng)的 (16) approve 贊成的（17）ironic 諷刺的 （18）neutral 中立的三 推斷寫作目的：例：“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as wa

12、ves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. Q：The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to_. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to

13、the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them練一練: A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa, a nearby village. They lived with the mans big family his parents, his brothers, their young wives and children. The family kept an

14、elephant, in which the young woman soon took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled(吵架) with her husband. Soon the elephant refused(拒絕) to eat or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One morni

15、ng after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house. It went to the womens home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it. The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home.Q. The writer wrote the story in order to _. A.

16、show that elephants are very clever 主觀臆想 B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animal than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife技巧：這類題的題干中常有purpose，或者后面接有目的的動(dòng)詞不定式，如：intend to, meant to, in order to等。我們可以根據(jù)文章的主旨和體裁來(lái)判斷作者的目的和態(tài)度。與寫作目的對(duì)應(yīng)的文章如下：（1） to

17、 entertain readers(使讀者愉悅、發(fā)笑)：常見于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或故事類的文章。（2） to persuade readers(說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn))：常見于廣告或議論文。to inform readers(告知讀者某些信息)：多見于新聞報(bào)道類、科普類、文化類或社會(huì)類的文章，以及勸告性或建議性文章。（3）開頭提出問(wèn)題讓讀者關(guān)注主題。簡(jiǎn)介相關(guān)事物為了引出主題。列舉具體事例說(shuō)明文段的主題 溫馨提示：設(shè)身處地站在作者的角度上想一想 四 推斷文章出處：例：Dont wander aimlessly through life. Get confused on your goals, start

18、helping others in need, and live life to the fullest! Life is too short to be anything but happy. Visit my blog and find what youve been missing. Sigh up for my newsletter and get seven free ebooks, too! Read hundreds of articles while youre there in the article section, which is updated daily.Q：Thi

19、s text must be taken from _.A. a radio program B. a websiteC. a newspaper D. a TV program練一練: WATCH CONTROLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people!Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL· acts as a remote control for TVs and videos.· gives

20、 you a daily weather forecast.· reminds you when to hand in your homeworkBesides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately! Originally sold for $199 NOW ONLY $99 For further information, click here.Q：where would you be most likely to find the two texts?A. on a magzineB.

21、 in a company guidebookC. on a teenage websiteD. in a college newspaper技巧：1.看文章體裁和題材：advertisement, news, poster, magazine, website, textbook,guidebook. 2. 通過(guò)文章內(nèi)容，判斷讀者對(duì)象是誰(shuí)。出現(xiàn)click（點(diǎn)擊），往往來(lái)自website 五 推斷下文內(nèi)容：例：Another option is to set them up. With an account(賬戶) at a local bank that offers free use of

22、 a debit card(借記卡). Unlike credit card(信用卡), the debit card has no overdraft(透支)functionQ: What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. further imformation about the debit cardB. the overdraft functions of a debit cardsC. more disadvantages of credit cardD. the kidss attitude

23、 towards a credit card 技巧：關(guān)注最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是最后的兩三句話?？偨Y(jié)：如何排除干擾項(xiàng)：1. 不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)，要嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理；2. 推理的根據(jù)來(lái)自于上下文；3. 如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，那它一般不是推論，也就不是正確答案；4. 如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合，文中卻沒(méi)有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是正確答案；5. 如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文中提到，但很片面或很不完整，那也不是正確答案；6. 文中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（should, must, may）往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們確定正

24、確答案；7. 注意作者在文中的措辭，比如作者在形容詞前用了too，excessively，rather則常帶有否定的口氣；8. 某些過(guò)渡詞（however, but, on the contrary, whats more）后面所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往能反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；第四節(jié)：閱讀理解之猜測(cè)詞義題分析解讀：在閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到許多生詞。這時(shí)許多同學(xué)立即翻閱詞典，查找詞義。這樣做不但費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力，而且影響閱讀速度、影響對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握。事實(shí)上，閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前后的詞語(yǔ)或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。我們可以利用語(yǔ)境（各種已知信息）推測(cè)、判斷某些生詞的詞義。猜測(cè)詞義題旨在考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)生詞、短

25、語(yǔ)或句子意思的能力，突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。是閱讀理解的必考題型，題干中通常含有mean，refer to或者be replaced by等。技巧點(diǎn)撥：1. 常見提問(wèn)方式：(1) The word “”in the passage probably means_?(2) The underlined word “”could best be replaced by_?(3) Which of the following is nearest/ closest meaning to the underlined word?(4) The underlined sentence in th

26、e last paragraph mean_?2 解題步驟：（1） 在文中找到線索或信息詞（2） 根據(jù)周圍熟悉的詞的邏輯關(guān)系（并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，對(duì)比，因果）來(lái)判斷新單詞的意思。（3） 根據(jù)上下文（即語(yǔ)境）判斷新詞匯在特定句中的意思。典型例析：練一練：猜測(cè)下列劃線詞的意思。（1） At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank.資金，nor結(jié)構(gòu)后的mone

27、y，bank F（2） He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.不英俊 D（3） But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought.干旱 B（4） She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.準(zhǔn)時(shí) E（5） You shouldnt have bla

28、med him for that, because it wasnt his fault.責(zé)備 C（6） Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.一種水果，椰子 A總結(jié)：A. 根據(jù)并列同列關(guān)系：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，并列的幾個(gè)事物應(yīng)屬同類事物，由此可推測(cè)其中一個(gè)的大概意思。B. 根據(jù)同位或解釋關(guān)系：當(dāng)作者不能肯定讀者能夠理解他的意思時(shí)，他會(huì)用另外一種方式陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)。往往常見的詞有：means, is, or, that is to say, in other words

29、, to put it another way, which.C. 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系：常見關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore, sothat .D. 根據(jù)反義詞關(guān)系：看轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but, while, however等，或者看與not搭配等表示否定意義的詞語(yǔ)。E. 根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系：由上下句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)詞義，常見詞有：unlike, otherwise, in spite of, despite, though, insteadof, rather than

30、, on the other hand, on the contrary。F. 根據(jù)近義詞關(guān)系：看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，或者看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過(guò)程中使用的同義詞。練一練：1. It will be very hard but very brittlethat is, it will break easily.A. 易碎的 B. 沉重的 C. 美觀的 D.有用的2. All his attempts to the unclock door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.A. 成功的 B. 徒勞的 C. 有效的 D.匆促的3.

31、 He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.A. 變好 B. 惡化 C. 改變 D.上升4. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic5. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits(展

32、覽) in one day.A. small B. large C. dull D. interesting 6. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads.” “My Mom is smarter than yours.”and “My family has more money than yours.”A. 吵鬧 B. 吹牛 C.頑皮 D.幼稚實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：AFor the first 19 months of her life Helen Keller wa

33、s able to see and hear. But then a sickness (疾病)struck. She became completely blind and deaf. For the rest or her life she was never able to see or hear. And the sickness struck when she was a baby before she learned to talk. Her world was totally dark and silent. For the first seven years of her li

34、fe she was almost like a wild animal. Her mother and father could not control(控制) her. She screamed(尖聲叫喊) and kicked and struggled and cried. Finally her parents sent for a teacher. Her name was Ann Sullivan. She herself had once been blind. She quickly saw that first she had to teach Helen how to o

35、bey and how to control her anger. She spelt out words in Helens hand. Helen couldnt see or hear so she learned by touching and feeling. She learned to read books in Braille(盲字). Helen also learned foreign language: French, German, Latin and Greek. She learned to write and to speak. She could ride a

36、horse, swim, row a boat, climb trees. She went to college and Ann Sullivan went with her. With Miss Sullivans help, Helen Keller finished college with high honor. She became a teacher, writer and lecturer. Her life is an inspiration(激勵(lì)), not just to the blind and the deaf but to people everywhere.1.

37、 Helen Keller was able to see and hear only for _months.A. nine B. ninety C. nineteen D. ninth2. For the first seven years of her life, Helen was almost like “a wild animal” this sentence means_A. she was a very naughty girl B. she lived with animals for a long timeC. she was never able to see or he

38、ar, so she was very bored and angry D. she liked animals very much3. Ann Sullivan was Helen s _ A. mother B. teacher C. sister D. classmate4. Helen learned by_A. touching and feeling B. listening and speakingC. smelling and feeling D. reading books5. The last sentence tells us _A. Wed better learn b

39、y touching and feeling B. Helen is a hero only for the blind and deafC. Everyone could learn a lot from Helen Keller D Helen Keller had a terrible life .Keys are : C C B A CBAmericans have used colours to make many expressions they use every day.We say youre “in the pink” when we are in good health.

40、 It is easy to understand how this expression was born. When my face has a nice fresh, pink colour, it is a sign my health is good.The colour green is natural for trees, it is an unnatural colour for humans. When someone doesnt feel well. someone who is seasock, for example. we say he looks green. W

41、hen someone is angry because he doesnt have what someone else has, we say he is “green with envy(妒忌)”.Some people are “green with envy” because someone else has more dollars, or “green backs”. Dollars are called greenback because thats the colour of the back side of the money.Blue is a cooler colour

42、. The traditional blue music of American blacks is the opposite of red hot music. It is slow, sad and soulful. To be blue, of course, is to be sad.The colour black is often used in expressions. People describe a day in which everything goes wrong as a “black day”. A “black sheep” is the member of a

43、family or group who always seems to be in trouble. If someone meets a “black cat”, something unlucky might happen to him. Not all the “black” expressions had bad meanings. A business “ in the black” , for example, is making money. A company “in the red” is losing money. If someone tells you to put s

44、omething “in black and white”, they want you to write it down.1. After reading the passage, we can infer if someone “ looks gray ” , he _A. looks well B. may need to see doctorC. is healthy D. is happy2. American dollars have_ back side. A. pink B. green C. blue D. red3. Which word describes the blu

45、e music? A. Fast B. Sad C. Hot D. Cheerful4. My brother is a _, everyone doesnt like him. A. a black horse B. a black cat C. a black dog D. a black sheep5. Which of the following is True?A. A company surely likes to be “in the red.” B. A business “ in the black”, is making moneyC. All the “black” ex

46、pression have bad meaningsD. If someone meets a “black cat”, he might lucky soon.Keys are: B B B D B CA little boy invited his mother to attend his elementary schools first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boys fear, she said she would go. This would be the first time that his classmates and te

47、acher met his mother and he was embarrassed(窘迫的) by her face. Although she was a beautiful woman, there was a big scar(傷疤) that covered nearly the whole right side of her face. The boy never wanted to talk about why or how she got the scar.At the meeting, the people were moved by the kindness and na

48、tural beauty of his motherDespite(不管) the scar, but the little boy was still embarrassed and hid himself from everyone. He did, however, he heard them speaking.“How did you get the scar on your face?” the teacher asked.The mother answered, “When my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught on fir

49、e. Everyone was too afraid to go in because the fire was out of control, so I went in. As I was running toward his bed, I saw a beam coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked unconscious but luckily, a fireman came in and saved both of us.” She touched the burned

50、side of her face. “This scar will be forever, but to this day, I have never regretted doing what I did.” At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes. He hugged her and felt almost a sacrifice(犧牲) of life that his mother had made for him. He held her hand t

51、ightly for the rest of the day.1. The boy was _when his mother said she would go to the school.A. pleased B. afraid C. excited D. bored2. What was his mother like ?A. She was ugly B. She was goodlookingC. She was beautiful despite a big scar on her right side of face D.The writer didnt tell us3. How

52、 did his mother get the scar on her face?A. She hurt her face in an traffic accident B. Something was wrong with her face skinC. She was hit by someone on the face. D. Her face was hurt while she was saving her son in a house on fire. 4. From the mothers words, we know_A. she felt sorry about the sc

53、ar B. she was frustrated about the scarC. she was satisfied with the scar D. she thought the scar worthwhile (值得的)5. From the last paragraph, it can be inferred that_A. the boy was still embarrassed B. the boy would love his mother more than beforeC. the boy was pleased with his mothers scar D. the boy was afraid to see his mothers scarKeys are : B C C D D BDAfter a busy day