情態(tài)動詞講解

1、Modal Verbs情態(tài)動詞定義：表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣的動詞叫情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞語法特征1）情態(tài)動詞不能單獨作謂語，沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。2）情態(tài)動詞的否定式是在情態(tài)動詞后面直接+not。3）情態(tài)動詞的疑問式是把情態(tài)動詞提到主語前。主要情態(tài)動詞can, could（be able to）may, might must （have to） will, would shall, should ought to need dare情態(tài)動詞的用法I. can/ could1. _Can_ you speak Japanese? Just a little.2.

2、Only the judge _can_ save her from prison. 3. I _could_ drive a car before I left middle school. 4. It was so dark that I _could_ see nothing. Note: 表能力、有權(quán)力 （could是can的過去式）5. -_Can/Could _ I go home now? -Yes, you can. No, you cant.6. -_Can/Could_ I speak to Andrew?7. You _cant_（not）smoke here.Note:

3、 （口語）允許、請求，表可以 (could非can的過去式，表委婉)8. It _can_/could _ be very cold here, even in spring.9. She is clever, but she _can_/could_ be dull sometimes. Note: （表示偶然現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的可能性）有時會，時而可能10. It _cant_/couldnt_(not) be my father. He is abroad now.11. There is someone outside. Who _can_ it be?12. You _cant/couldnt

4、 have seen him_ (not see) him. He was not there.13. She _ cant/couldnt have been _(not be) more than six then.14. He _ cant/couldnt have finished_ (not finish) the work last night without your help.Note: 表推測（否定、疑問句）15. He _could have told_(tell) me the answer but he refused to.Note: 過去本能做而沒有做16. You

5、 _cannot/ can never_ do the work too well.17. You _cannot /can never_ be careful enough in your study.Note: cannottoo; can never. too; cannot enough再都不為過；越越好can & be able to區(qū)別：1. can 只有兩種時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在時can & 過去時 could be able to 有各種時態(tài) 2. 用于一般所具有的能力，可以互換，但是當(dāng)表示成功做到時，通常用be able to或manage to 1. He _can/i

6、s able to_ write music.2. We shall _be able to_ finish the work soon.3. I havent _been able to_ find the book.4. He _could/was able to_ swim like a fish when he was young.5. I talked with her for a long time and finally I _was able to_ make her believe me.6. The fire spread through the building quic

7、kly but everybody _was able to /managed_ to escape. II. may/might1. -_May_ I leave now? -Yes, you _may_./Yes，please.-No, you _may not /cant/mustnt_.2. He asked if he _might_ use the phone.3. We start early so that we _may/might_ arrive in time.Note: （允許、請求）可以4. _May_ you be happy all your life.Note:

8、 祝、愿5. John is absent. He _may/might_ be ill.6. It _may/might_ rain tomorrow or it _may/might_ be merely cloudy.7. I cant find my book. I _may/might have left_(leave) it in your office just now.8. You know this story very well. You _may/might have read_(read) it before.Note: 表推測9. We start early so

9、that we _may _ arrive in time.10. I wrote down his telephone number so that I _might_ remember it.Note: 表目的（用于目的狀語從句中）maybe & may be11. He _may be _ here. Im not sure.12. _Maybe_ you should call him.13. Are you going out tonight? - _Maybe_.III. must1. You _must_ have a passport if you want to go

10、 abroad.2. Drivers _mustnt_ drive after drinking.Note: （義務(wù)、責(zé)任、強制、命令）必須應(yīng)該3. You _must_ first finish your homework before you watch TV.4. -_Must_ I come tomorrow?-Yes, you _must_.-No, you _neednt/ dont have to_.Note: （說話者主觀上的意愿、建議、命令等）應(yīng)該、必須、務(wù)必5. Winter _must_ be followed by spring.6. All living things

11、 _must_ die.Note: 表示客觀規(guī)律不可避免性或必然性，注定要，必然（只用于肯定句）7. You _must_ be ill. I can see it from your face.8. You _must have read_(read) the book. You know the story very well.9. Theres much noise from next door. They _must be having_(have) a party.Note: 表肯定推測Must & have to區(qū)別：1. have to 用于各種時態(tài)，還可和其它情態(tài)動詞連

12、用 2. have to 表示因客觀環(huán)境的迫使而不得不做某事1. - Lets see a movie tonight.-Id love to, but I _have to_ take care of my mom.2. They _had to_ speed up, for the weather turned terrible.3. They will _have to _ get up early tomorrow.4. We may _have to_ put off the plan.5. You _dont have to _ tell him about it.不一定要6. Y

13、ou _mustnt _ tell him about it. 一定不要IV. shall1. I _shall_ ring you as soon as I arrive.Note: 將來時（第一人稱）將要、會2. _Shall_ I open the window for you?3. Lets go to the cinema tonight, _shall_we?Note: （在問句中表示說話人征求對方意見或提出建議，用于第一、三人稱）好么V. should & ought to1. We hoped that we _should_ be able to do that.No

14、te: 用于過去將來時2. You _should/ought to_ be more careful next time.3. _Should_ I call him and apologize?Note: (表示建議、勸告、命令、要求) 應(yīng)該，必須 （ought to 語氣強）4. Its 4:30. They _should_ be in New York by now.Note: (表示說話者根據(jù)一定的依據(jù)猜測、推測、推論等)該，可能5. You _should have told_(tell) me earlier about it, but you didnt.6. You _sh

15、ouldnt have done_ (do) that to your mother, but you did.Note: 過去按理該而實際沒有（常有責(zé)備、埋怨、惋惜之意）VI. will1. He _will_ come back soon.Note: 將來時2. I hope you _will_ succeed.3. I _will_ do my best to help you.Note: （表意愿、決心、承諾）要、愿、想、會、保證4. When he is in trouble, he _will_ turn to his coach for help.5. I _will_ tur

16、n you out of doors if you dont keep quiet.Note: 狀語從句VII. would1. He told us that he _would_ meet us at the airport.Note: 過去將來時2. -_Would_ you mind my smoking?-Yes, _please dont. /Youd better not. _.-No, _go ahead_Note: 提出請求、邀請（委婉）3. I _would_ like to see a film tonight.4. I _would_ rather not leave

17、you here.5. _Would _ you please _not smoke_(not smoke) here?Note: 意愿、決心、喜歡等6. He _would_ be delighted if I went to see him.7. If you had come earlier, you _would have seen_(see) him.Note: 條件句（虛擬）8. When he was young, he _would_often _walk_ (walk) in these woods. Note: （表過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的行為或動作）總是VIII. need

18、(情態(tài)動詞沒有過去式)Note: 1) need 作實意動詞，有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化 2) need 作情態(tài)動詞，只能用在否定句和疑問句中，沒有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化 need sth dont need sth Do need sth ? need to do dont need to do Do need to do ? neednt do Need do ?1. He _needs to_(go) there now.2. He _need not/ doesnt need to go_ (not go) there now.3. -_Need_/Does _he _go_/need to

19、 go_(go) there now?- Yes, he _must_/does_.-No, he _neednt_/doesnt_.4. He needs to finish the work by Friday, _doesnt_ he?5. He neednt stay there, _need_ he?6. He _neednt have given_ (not give) her so much money at the time, and now he regrets it.Note: neednt have done過去本不必做卻做了need doing & need t

20、o be done7. I _need to_ (repair) the computer.The computer _needs repairing_.(repair)The computer _needs to be repaired_(repair)IX. dare （情態(tài)動詞有過去式dared）Note: 1) dare作實意動詞，有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化 2) dare作情態(tài)動詞，只能用在否定句和疑問句中，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 但有過去時。 dare to do dont dare to do Do dare to do ? dare not do Daredo ?1. He _dar

21、es to say_(say) what he thinks.2. He _dare not say_/doesnt dare to say_(not say) what he thinks.3. -_Dare_/Does _he _say_/dare to say_(say) what he thinks?-Yes, he _dare/ does_.-No, he _dare not/ doesnt_.4. How _dare_ you say(say) so? 5. I _dare_ you _to climb_(climb) the tree.Note: dare sb. to do s

22、th.諒某人也不敢做某事6. I _dare say_(say) things will improve. Note: I dare say我敢說，我認為，很可能，恐怕補充：1情態(tài)動詞表猜測時，不同的“肯定”程度依次排列如下：l He is at home. ( 事實 ） l He must be at home.（ 非常可能） l He should be at home.（ 很可能 ） l He may be at home.（ 僅僅可能 ） l He might be at home.（ 或許 ） l He isnt at home.（ 事實 ） l He cant be home.（

23、接近肯定 ） l He couldnt be at home.（ 不及 cant 肯定 ） l He may not be at home. （ 可能 ，但不肯定 ） l He might not be at home.（ 不及 may 肯定 ）。2情態(tài)動詞+ have done could have done （本能做而沒做） cant / couldnt have done （不可能已經(jīng)做了）must have done （肯定已經(jīng)）may/might have done (可能已經(jīng)做了)might not have done （不太可能已經(jīng)）should have done (本應(yīng)該而沒做)shouldnt have done（本不應(yīng)當(dāng)做而做了）neednt have done（本沒必要而做了）1. Why did you stay at a ho