英漢互譯定語從句翻譯

1、定語從句的翻譯定語從句的翻譯 A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive Structures 英漢定語結(jié)構(gòu)的對比英漢定語結(jié)構(gòu)的對比 This is the cat. 這就是那只貓這就是那只貓 This is the cat that killed the rat. 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake。 *這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的貓。這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的貓。n這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓

2、。這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。 老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. *這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. *這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房間里的蛋糕的這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在杰

3、克修建的房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。老鼠的貓。 This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。 老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。 老鼠偷吃了放在屋老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。里的蛋糕。This is the cat that killed the rat that ate t

4、he cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。 老老 鼠偷吃了放在屋鼠偷吃了放在屋里里 的蛋糕。的蛋糕。 屋子是杰克蓋的。屋子是杰克蓋的。 n英漢定語結(jié)構(gòu)的特點英漢定語結(jié)構(gòu)的特點n英語英語 右開放結(jié)構(gòu)右開放結(jié)構(gòu)n漢語漢語 在封閉結(jié)構(gòu)在封閉結(jié)構(gòu) Transaltion of Restrictive Attributive Clauses 限制性定語從句譯法限制性定語從句譯法 1. Combination合并法合并法 在句式較短的情況下，譯成在句式較短的情況下，譯成“的的”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。 例例

5、1. Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 污染是污染是我們必須解決我們必須解決的一個迫切間題。的一個迫切間題。 例例2. July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天氣七八月是天氣很熱很熱的月份。的月份。nIn the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all. 在在存放電子計算機的存放電子計算機的房間里，不能有一點灰塵。房間里，不能有一

6、點灰塵。nMr. Taylor, who had been silent before, spoke out suddenly. 剛才一直沉默不語的剛才一直沉默不語的泰勒先生突然開口了。泰勒先生突然開口了。Practice2. Division 分譯法分譯法 化整為零，分別翻譯，獨立成句。對于長而復(fù)雜的定語結(jié)化整為零，分別翻譯，獨立成句。對于長而復(fù)雜的定語結(jié)構(gòu)可用此法。構(gòu)可用此法。 例：例：They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past

7、, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他們正在為實現(xiàn)一個埋想而努力，他們正在為實現(xiàn)一個埋想而努力，這個理想是每個中國這個理想是每個中國人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國人為了這個理想而犧牲了自人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國人為了這個理想而犧牲了自已的生命。已的生命。PracticenThis is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists. 這是一所科技大學(xué)，這是一所科技大學(xué)，該校學(xué)生該校學(xué)生將培

8、養(yǎng)成工將培養(yǎng)成工程師或科學(xué)工作者。程師或科學(xué)工作者。 3. Mixture混合法混合法 打破原文的定語結(jié)構(gòu)，譯者根據(jù)自己的打破原文的定語結(jié)構(gòu)，譯者根據(jù)自己的理解，譯出原文的意思。理解，譯出原文的意思。 例例1.There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 樓下樓下有人要見你有人要見你。 例例2.There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized. 某些金屬某些金屬既能導(dǎo)電，又能被磁化既能導(dǎo)電，又

9、能被磁化。Translation of Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses非限制性定語從句譯法非限制性定語從句譯法1. Division分譯法分譯法 1) Translating into Compound Sentences by Repeating the Antecedents 例：例：This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists. 這是一所科技大學(xué)，這是一所科技大學(xué)，該校學(xué)生將被培

10、養(yǎng)成該校學(xué)生將被培養(yǎng)成工程師或科學(xué)工作者。工程師或科學(xué)工作者。2) Translating into Compound Sentences by Omitting the Antecedents 例例1：After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 飯后，四個主要談判人物繼續(xù)進行會談，飯后，四個主要談判人物繼續(xù)進行會談，一直談到深夜。一直談到深夜。例例2：This type of meter is called a multimeter, whic

11、h is used to measure electricity. 這種儀表稱為萬用表，這種儀表稱為萬用表，用來測量電流。用來測量電流。2. Combinationn The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 整天躲在云層里的太陽整天躲在云層里的太陽 ，現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面，現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面 了。了。 nHe liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant. but he did not like his brother, who was aloof an

12、d arrogant. 他喜歡他喜歡熱情洋溢的妹妹熱情洋溢的妹妹 ，而不喜歡，而不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥冷漠高傲的哥哥。3) Translating into Independent Sentences nOne time there was a violent thunderstorm，the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. 有一次是暴風(fēng)驟雨，猛烈的程度實為我平生所僅見。這場有一次是暴風(fēng)驟雨，猛烈的程度實為我平生所僅見。這場暴風(fēng)雨遮住了我的目標。暴風(fēng)雨遮住了我的目標。nNevertheless the problem was

13、 solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate. 不過，問題還是圓滿地解決了。不過，問題還是圓滿地解決了。這說明計算很準確。這說明計算很準確。 Translation of Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials 兼有狀語功能的定語從句兼有狀語功能的定語從句 英語定語從句英語定語從句尤其是非限制性定語從句尤其是非限制性定語從句有時兼有狀語從句的職能，可以表示時間、條件、原有時兼有狀語從句的職能，可以表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、目的、結(jié)果等等關(guān)系。因、

14、讓步、目的、結(jié)果等等關(guān)系。 在翻譯的時候，應(yīng)盡量從英語句子的意義上發(fā)現(xiàn)在翻譯的時候，應(yīng)盡量從英語句子的意義上發(fā)現(xiàn)這些邏輯上的關(guān)系這些邏輯上的關(guān)系, 然后翻譯成漢語中相對應(yīng)的邏輯然后翻譯成漢語中相對應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系來。關(guān)系來。1.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Cause nWe know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes. can see clearly in the night. 我們知道我們知道, 由于貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嘤捎谪埖?/p>

15、眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€的光線，所以貓在黑夜也能看得很清楚，所以貓在黑夜也能看得很清楚，nYou must grasp the concept of work“ which is very important in physics. 你必須掌握你必須掌握“功功”的概念，的概念，因為它在物理學(xué)中很重要因為它在物理學(xué)中很重要。 2.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of ResultnThere was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that ple

16、ased all of them. 這個方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨具一格，很有魄力，這個方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨具一格，很有魄力，因此他們都很喜歡，因此他們都很喜歡，n Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance. 銅的電阻很小，銅的電阻很小，所以廣泛地用來傳輸電力所以廣泛地用來傳輸電力。3.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of ConcessionnHe insisted on building another house

17、, which he had no use for. 他堅持要再造一幢房子，他堅持要再造一幢房子，盡管他并無此需要盡管他并無此需要。nThe scientist, who was dog-tired, went on with the experiment. 那位科學(xué)家那位科學(xué)家雖己筋疲力盡雖己筋疲力盡，但還是繼續(xù)進行實驗。，但還是繼續(xù)進行實驗。4.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of ConditionnMen become desperate for work, any work，which will help them to keep

18、 alive their families. 人們拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，人們拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能維持只要能維持一家人的生活就行。一家人的生活就行。nA body that contains only atoms with the same general properties is called an element. 物質(zhì)物質(zhì)如果包含的原子性質(zhì)都相同如果包含的原子性質(zhì)都相同，則稱之為元素。，則稱之為元素。 5.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Purpose nThey have built up a new

19、college here, where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists. 他們在這里建了一所學(xué)院，他們在這里建了一所學(xué)院，以培養(yǎng)科技人才以培養(yǎng)科技人才。n Ill try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical terms, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly. 我要設(shè)法弄一本有插圖的技術(shù)名詞詞典，我要設(shè)法弄一本有插圖的技術(shù)名詞詞典，以便把科學(xué)文獻譯以便把科學(xué)文獻譯得更準確。得更準確。E-C Translation 1. The claim should have been