新視野大學英語3Unit5gracefulhands

1、Graceful HandsLead-inLead-inBackBackPrinter Benjamin Franklin 印刷工人本杰明富蘭克林BackBack Good friend, for Jesus sake forbear (克制，忍耐，容忍 ) To dig the dust enclosed here Blest be the men that spares these bones And curst be he that moves my bones 朋友，看在上帝的情分上， 千萬別掘此墓， 動土者將受災， 保護者會得福。 BackBack Pardon me for not

2、 getting up. 請原諒我，我不起來了。BackBackThomas Jefferson Here was burned Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence, of the statute of Virginia for religious freedom and father of the University of Virginia. 這里安葬著托馬斯杰弗遜。他是獨立宣言的起草人 弗吉尼亞宗教自由法案的起草人和弗吉尼亞大學的創(chuàng)始人。BackBackThe most perfect contracti

3、on.最完美的壓縮。BackBack Here lies Maggie, the mule who in her time kicked a general, two colonels, four majors, ten captains, twenty-four lieutenants, forty sergeants, two hundred and twenty privates, and a bomb. 軍騾馬吉葬在這里。在她的一生中，她踢過一個上將，兩個上校，四個少校，十個上尉，二十四個士官，二百二十個士兵和一枚炸彈。BackBackThink If you are allowed

4、to choose one word to describe your whole life on your epitaph, which word would you choose? Why?diligent, beautiful, graceful, intelligent, wise,BackBackProverbs on Death Death frees us from ills. Death pays all debts. Death is common to all. Death is inevitable. Human beings are mortal. Every one

5、has the right to die with dignity.Pre-reading Pre-reading ActivitiesActivitiesBackBackMore are mens ends marked than their lives More are mens ends marked than their lives before: The setting sun, and music at the close, before: The setting sun, and music at the close, as the last of sweets, is swee

6、test last, writ in as the last of sweets, is sweetest last, writ in remembrance more than things long past. remembrance more than things long past. ShakespeareShakespeare人在臨終的時候總比他們以往要引人注目。正如夕陽的余輝、人在臨終的時候總比他們以往要引人注目。正如夕陽的余輝、樂曲的終了、杯底的美酒一樣，留給人的記憶最溫馨、最甜蜜樂曲的終了、杯底的美酒一樣，留給人的記憶最溫馨、最甜蜜、也最久遠。、也最久遠。 莎士比亞莎士比亞B

7、ackBackHospiceHospiceHospice, in the earliest days, was a concept rooted in the centuries-old idea of offering a place of shelter and rest, or hospitality to weary and sick travelers on a long journey. (（宗教團體開辦的）旅客招待所（宗教團體開辦的）旅客招待所 )Dame Cicely Saunders at St. Christophers Hospice in London first ap

8、plied the term hospice to specialized care for dying patients in 1967. (（晚期病人的）安養(yǎng)院；收（晚期病人的）安養(yǎng)院；收容所，救濟院容所，救濟院 )Today, hospice care provides humane and compassionate care for people in the last phases of incurable disease so that they may live as fully and comfortably as possible. BackBack What role c

9、an volunteers play in the great cause of end-of-life care giving?References 1.at the heart of hospice 2.the backbone of the hospice movement 3.an indispensable part of any hospice programBackBack What can volunteers do for the terminally ill patients?Referencesa. Support services - companionship, fr

10、iendly visiting, active listening, bedside sitting, letter writing. b. Sharing hobbies and special interests - reading, gardening, listening to music, sports, travel, crafts, etc. c. Assisting with errands - grocery shopping, picking up prescriptions and supplies, banking. d. Transport patient/famil

11、y- appointments, shopping, social outings.e. Homemaking tasks - light housekeeping, dishes, laundry, meal preparation, child care.BackBack What can volunteers gain from this special experience?Referencesa blessinga constant source of inspirationan honor and a privilegeBackBack1.precede v. 1)在之前發(fā)生（或出

12、現(xiàn)）；先于eg: She preceded me in the job. precede sth. with sth. 以開始（或引導）eg: She preceded her speech with a smile.3.decay v. 1)（使）腐爛；腐朽eg: decaying leaves / teeth / food 2)（建筑、地方等）破敗，衰落，衰敗eg: The inner city has decayed. 3)（力量、影響等）衰弱，衰減。減退eg: The standards of morality have slowly decayed. asasconj.conj.ad

13、n.prep.prep.固定用法固定用法引導定語從引導定語從句句引導引導時間時間狀語從狀語從句句引導引導原因原因狀語狀語從從句句引導引導讓步讓步狀語從狀語從句句引導引導方式方式狀語狀語從從句句引導引導比較比較狀語從句狀語從句PRACTICEPRACTICE2.As的用法一、作副詞 “相同地”，“同樣地”。They dont have as many airplanes. 他們沒有同樣多的飛機。 As before he remained unmoved. 他和以往一樣無動于衷. The “h” is silent as in “hour”. 在hour這個詞中, h

14、不發(fā)音.1.1.引導時間狀語從句引導時間狀語從句John was having his dinner when I saw him. 當我看到約翰的時候，他正在吃飯。當我看到約翰的時候，他正在吃飯。She can write only when the baby is asleep. 只有嬰兒睡著的時候，她才能寫作。只有嬰兒睡著的時候，她才能寫作。We must strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。趁熱打鐵。While we were reading, the teacher came in. 我們正在讀書的時候，老師我們正在讀書的時候，老師走了進來。走了進來

15、。The girl dances as she sings on the stage.那個女孩在舞臺邊唱歌邊跳舞。那個女孩在舞臺邊唱歌邊跳舞。 He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. 當他朝前走時，不時地向后看。當他朝前走時，不時地向后看。 As time went on / by, she became more and more worried. 隨著時間的流逝，她變得越來越焦慮。隨著時間的流逝，她變得越來越焦慮。 As he grew older, he became more intelligent. 隨著他年齡的增

16、長，他變得更有才智了。隨著他年齡的增長，他變得更有才智了。 I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. 恰好在你開口時，我想到了它。恰好在你開口時，我想到了它。2. 2. 引導原因狀語從句引導原因狀語從句 because 語氣最強語氣最強, 用于回答用于回答why 提出的或人們不知道的問題；提出的或人們不知道的問題； as，一般放句首，語氣弱，口語化，說明比較明顯的原因；，一般放句首，語氣弱，口語化，說明比較明顯的原因； since書面語中，表對方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有時譯書面語中，表對方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，有時譯作

17、作“既然既然”。 for 表附加的解釋、說明或推理。不放句首表附加的解釋、說明或推理。不放句首 I do it because I like it. He didnt go to school because he was ill. As she has been ill perhaps shell need some help. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.3. 3. 引導讓步狀語從句引導讓步狀語從句“雖然，盡管雖然，盡管”，although語氣稍正式些，可放在句首，句中，不能再用語氣稍正式些，可放在句首，句中，

18、不能再用but，但可以用，但可以用yet；as所表示的語氣較強，引導的讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序；所表示的語氣較強，引導的讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序；however引導讓步狀語從句時，后面可跟形容詞或副詞，也要用倒裝語引導讓步狀語從句時，后面可跟形容詞或副詞，也要用倒裝語序。序。Although they are poor they are happy.Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly. However hard the question is, he can answer it. 注意：當as引導讓步狀語從句時，句子的倒裝語序有以下三種形式：(1

19、). 形容詞或副詞+as+主語+連系動詞be或實義動詞。例如：Rich as he is, he never spends a cent on clothes. Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely. (2). 名詞+as+主語+連系動詞be (注意句首的名詞不帶冠詞)。Child as he is, he knows a lot. Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 。(3). 實義動詞+as+主語+助動詞Try as he may, he never succeeds.Chan

20、ge your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support. 4. 4. 引導方式狀語從句，引導方式狀語從句， “如如”，“像像”，“按照按照的方式的方式 Remember, you must do everything as I do. 記住，你必須按照我做的那樣做一切。記住，你必須按照我做的那樣做一切。 注意：注意：like在非正式語體中可以有與在非正式語體中可以有與as相同的用法相同的用法. I cant sing like I used to. 我不能像以前那樣唱歌了。我不能像以前那樣唱歌了。 He writes just

21、 like his brother did when he was young. 他現(xiàn)在寫文章正像他哥哥年輕時寫文章一樣。他現(xiàn)在寫文章正像他哥哥年輕時寫文章一樣。5.5. 引導比較狀語從句引導比較狀語從句用于用于“as.as.或或not so/ as.as.”中中,前一個前一個as是副詞是副詞,后一個后一個as是連詞，是連詞， “如如(不如不如)一樣一樣”。 I dont speak English so/ as well as he does. 注意：句中連詞注意：句中連詞as后面的代詞實際是省略了與主句相同的部分，后面的代詞實際是省略了與主句相同的部分，At your age you ca

22、nt expect to play football as well as me (= as I do). You hate her as much as you hate me. 你恨她像恨我一樣深你恨她像恨我一樣深.三、作代詞三、作代詞(1). 用于用于the same.as結構中結構中(2). 用于用于such.as結構中結構中(3). 用于用于“so +adj. + a/an + n. (單數(shù)單數(shù)) + as ”This is the same watch as I have lost. 這塊手表跟我丟失的那塊一樣。這塊手表跟我丟失的那塊一樣。I dont like such nove

23、ls as you recommend. 我不喜歡你推薦的那些小說。我不喜歡你推薦的那些小說。I am not so strong a man as I was. 我已經(jīng)沒有從前那么強壯了。我已經(jīng)沒有從前那么強壯了。2. as單獨引導定語從句單獨引導定語從句 as單獨引導定語從句時，單獨引導定語從句時，先行詞先行詞可以是一個可以是一個詞詞，也可以是一個，也可以是一個句句子子或或短語短語。 She is late, as is often the case. 她遲到了，這是經(jīng)常的事。她遲到了，這是經(jīng)常的事。(先行詞是整個主句先行詞是整個主句) To shut your eyes to facts

24、, as many of you do, is foolish. 對事實視而不見對事實視而不見-你們好多人都是如此的愚蠢。你們好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行詞是不定式先行詞是不定式)四、作介詞，四、作介詞， 1. 1. 表示表示 “好像好像( (某人某人) )” 2. 2. 表示表示“作為，當作作為，當作”， 3. 3. 表示表示“當某人是當某人是( (某身份某身份) )時。時。 4. 4. 表示表示“因某人是因某人是( (某身份某身份) )”， They entered the building disguised as cleaners. 他們化裝成清潔工人的模樣進入大樓。他們化裝成清潔工人

25、的模樣進入大樓。 I found a job as a teacher. 我找了一份教師的工作我找了一份教師的工作 As a child, she was sent to three different countries. 她兒時去過三個不同的國家。她兒時去過三個不同的國家。 As her private secretary he has access to all her correspondence. 他是她的私人秘書，能接觸到她所有的信件。他是她的私人秘書，能接觸到她所有的信件。 as引導的介詞短語大多用引導的介詞短語大多用作狀語作狀語，as譯為譯為“作為作為”， As a Party

26、 member, Ill take the lead in everything. (狀語狀語) Tom has me as one of his best friends. (引起賓語補足語引起賓語補足語) as “以實際的身份或地位以實際的身份或地位”。 like “與與相似，以與相似，以與相類似的方式相類似的方式”。 He spoke as a teacher. 他作為老師發(fā)言他作為老師發(fā)言./他以老師的身份發(fā)言他以老師的身份發(fā)言. He spoke like a teacher. 他講話很像是老師他講話很像是老師”。五、用于一些固定搭配五、用于一些固定搭配 1. as good as差

27、不多，幾乎差不多，幾乎 2. suchas, such as 像像這樣的這樣的 3. such as 例如例如 4. as for=with regard to sb/ sth. 至于某人（某事物）至于某人（某事物） 5. as to=as regards sth. 至于某事物；提到某事物至于某事物；提到某事物 6. so as to 以便以便, 為了為了 7. as a matter of fact 事實上，其實事實上，其實 8. as a result 作為結果作為結果 9. as a result of 由于由于/作為作為的結果的結果 10.as a rule 通常；一般說來通常；一般說

28、來 11.as a whole 總體上總體上 as far as 那么遠，直到；達到那么遠，直到；達到程度；程度； as far as I know/can see 就我所知就我所知/依我看依我看 so/as far as sb/sth. is concerned 就就sb/sth.而言而言 as follows 如下如下 as if /though 好象，仿佛好象，仿佛 as long as 達達之外，長達之外，長達 as long as 只要只要 as much as 盡盡那樣多；差不多那樣多；差不多 as soon as 一一就就 as soon as possible 盡快盡快 as

29、usual 像往常一樣，照例像往常一樣，照例 as well 也，同樣，不妨也，同樣，不妨(句尾）句尾） as well as (除除之外之外)也，既也，既又又 as.as. 象，如同，與象，如同，與一樣一樣 as many as / as much as think of as treatas consideras work as act as be well-known as4.sour adj. 1)酸的；有酸味的 n. sournesseg: sour apples 2)酸腐的；餿的eg: to turn / go sour 3)（人）陰郁的；悶悶不樂的；沒好氣的eg: a sour

30、face / smile v.（使）變壞；惡化eg: The disagreement has soured their friendship. vinegar 醋 vinegary adj. 醋的；酸的；有醋味的5.reach for 伸出以觸及6.pit n. 1)深洞；深坑; 煤礦；礦井eg: We dug(dig) a deep pit in the yard. 2) the pit of your / the stomach 心窩；心底 v. pit sb./sth. against sth. 使競爭；使較量；使經(jīng)受考驗7.switch v. 1)（使）改變；轉變；突變eg: swi

31、tch sth.( over / from sth.) to sth. 2)交換；掉換；轉換；對調(diào) switch sth. with sth.eg: I switch my glass with hers. 3)調(diào)班；換班eg: Will you switch with me? n. 1)開關；閘； eg: a light switch8.skeleton n. 1)骨骼；骨架；骨骼標本eg: The disease has reduced her to a skeleton. 2)梗概；提綱；提要；輪廓 3) staff, crew, etc. 基干人員eg: There will only

32、 be a skeleton staff on duty over the holiday.9.loose adj. 1)未固定的；松動的；松散的；零散的eg: a loose button / tooth / hair 2)不結實的；不堅固的；疏松的eg: loose soil v. 1)釋放；放任；不受約束 2)松開；放開10.tape v. 1)把錄在磁帶上 tape sth. 2)用膠帶粘??；用帶子系緊 tape sth. up 3)用繃帶包扎 tape sth. up11.secure v. 1)獲得；取得；實現(xiàn)eg: secure a contract / a place / vo

33、tes 2)栓牢；扣緊；關嚴 secure sth. to sth.eg: She secured the rope to the back of bike. 3)保護；保衛(wèi)；使安全 secure sth. (against sth.)eg: secure ones future12.fluid adj. 1)流動的；液體的 2)流暢優(yōu)美的 fluid dancing / piano playing / song13.sunken (sink v.) adj. 1)沉沒的；沉入水底的； a sunken ship 2)凹陷的；深陷的 sunken eyes14.even adj. 1)平的；平

34、滑的；平坦的 2)均勻的；均等的；相等的eg: Our scores are even now. 3)鎮(zhèn)靜的；穩(wěn)重的；平和的；溫和的eg: She has a very even temperature.15.feel for 摸索著尋找；對（某人）產(chǎn)生某種感情 16.scarce adj. 缺乏的；不足的；稀少的 eg: scarce resources scared adj. 害怕的；恐懼的；擔心的 be scared of sb. / sth. (doing sth.) sacred adj. 宗教的；神圣的；受崇敬的，值得崇敬的；有宗教性質(zhì)的 17.moisture n.水分；濕氣；潮

35、濕 moist adj.濕潤的；潮濕的 moisten v.（使）變得潮濕；變得濕潤18.slide v. 1)（使）滑行；滑動eg: We slid down the grassy slope. 2)降低；衰落 slide from to n.幻燈片過去式：slid 過去分詞：slid slidden 19.ease v. 1)（使）寬慰；減輕；減緩eg: This should help ease the pain. It would ease my mind to know that she was safe. 2)緩和；放松20.procedure n. 程序；手續(xù)；步驟 proced

36、ure for sth.21.manage v. 1)處理；解決；應付; 設法做到; 成功完成 eg: manage with sth. / manage to do sth. 2)湊活著活下去；支撐 manage on sth.eg: He has to manage on 50 yuan a week. 3)管理；負責22.liquid n. 液體 adj.1)液體的；液態(tài)的； eg: liquid soap 2)清澈的，明亮的，晶瑩的；清脆的；流暢的eg：liquid blue eyes / the liquid sound23.go about (sth.)繼續(xù)做某事；忙于做某事，著手

37、/開始做某事eg: Lets go about the work vide v.1)提供；供應；給予 provide sb.(with sth.) / provide sth. (for sb)eg: The goverment should provide free service for the public. 2)規(guī)定；法律；規(guī)則（that）eg: The final principle provides that 25.famine n. 饑荒；饑餓；極度缺乏eg: a severe famine / famine relief / widesprea

38、d famine26.lid n.蓋；蓋子eg: I cant get the lid off this cup. keep the lid on sth.守口如瓶；遮掩；隱瞞 / 控制；抑制 lift the lid on sth. / take the lid off sth.27.rub v.1)擦；磨；搓；（使）相互摩擦 rub sth. (with) sth.eg: She rubbed her chin thoughtfully. 2)涂；抹；搽eg: She rubbed lotion into her skin.28.free adj. 不受限制的；不受約束的；無阻礙的；暢通的

39、 freely adv.29.outline n. 1)概述；梗概 eg: This is a brief outline of the event. 2)略圖；草圖 eg: an outline map / sketch v.1)概述；略述 eg: We outlined our proposals to the committee. 2)勾勒；描畫 eg: I briefly outlined the huge building.30.perfectly adj. 1)完美的；完備的；完全的； 2)完全正確的；準確的；地道的 3)優(yōu)秀的；最佳的；極好的；很好的 adv. 1)完全地；非常；

40、十分eg: Its perfectly normal to feel like this. 2)完美地；完好地；圓滿地eg: It fits perfectly.31.not until用法總結用法總結 基本結構 強調(diào)句結構 倒裝句結構We did not get off the bus until it stopped.基本結構：基本結構：主句主句從句從句直到車停了，我們才下了公交車。直到車停了，我們才下了公交車。Not until 的基本結構not 主句句 + + untiluntil +從句句Not until 在強調(diào)句中It was not until _that _We did no

41、t get off the bus until it stopped.it stoppedwe got off the bus主句主句從句從句肯定形式肯定形式強調(diào)句結構：It is/was not until + 從句從句 + +that +主句主句例：直到我成為我們班的班長，我才意識到團隊合作的重要性。例：直到我成為我們班的班長，我才意識到團隊合作的重要性。1、用not until的基本結構翻譯I did not realize the importance of team work until I became monitor of our class.2、用It is/was not u

42、ntil 從句 that.結構表示It was not until _that_Not until 在倒裝句中倒裝結構：Not until +從句 + 倒裝的主句 We did not get off the bus until it stopped.Not until _ _it it stoppedstopped did wedid we get off get off the busthe bus倒裝倒裝 we did get off we did get off the busthe bus從句主句Not until two days after earthquake _(她發(fā)現(xiàn))he

43、r mother alive. (find)解題步驟：判斷句型： Not until 在句首考倒裝。2.回憶結構：Not until 從句+倒裝的主句she found she found her mother aliveher mother alivedid she find did she find her mother aliveher mother alive倒裝倒裝Not until 用法總結基本結構： not + 主句+ until + 從句 強調(diào)句結構：It is/was not until + 從句+that + 主句倒裝句結構: Not until + 從句 + 倒裝的主句主

44、倒從不倒主倒從不倒直到她摘掉眼鏡，我才認出來她是明星。直到她摘掉眼鏡，我才認出來她是明星。I did not realize she was a star until she took off her glasses.強調(diào)句結構強調(diào)句結構It was not until she took off her glasses that I realized she was a star.倒裝句結構倒裝句結構Not until she took off her glasses did I realize she was a star.主句倒裝主句倒裝32.hint n. 1)暗示；提示； eg: Ca

45、n you give me a hint? 2)征兆；跡象； eg: At the first hint of trouble, they left. 3)一絲；少量； eg: a hint of smile 4)秘訣；竅門； eg: a hint / hints on sth33.as though 和as if : as though 是書面語比as if正式，意思上沒有區(qū)別。eg: He treats me as if /as though I were a stranger.34.sense v. 感覺到；意識到；覺察到eg: Sensing danger, they started

46、to run.35.curl v. 1)卷；（使）卷曲； curl upeg: She curled up and closed her eyes. 2)撅起（嘴唇） eg：curl ones lip / ones lip erval n. （時間上的）間隔；間隙；間歇eg: The interval between two classes is 10 minutes.37.shallow adj. 1) 淺的 eg: The water is quite shallow. 2)(指人、作品、思想)淺薄的；膚淺的 3)（呼吸）淺的；微弱的eg: He was breath

47、ing shallowly.38.swell（swelled, swolen） v. 1)膨脹；腫脹 swell upeg: Her arm was beginning to swell up where the bee had stung her. 2)（使）凸出；鼓出 swell sth. outeg: The wind swelled out the sails 3)（使）增加；增大；擴大eg: Membership has swelled to over 2000. 4)充滿（激情） swell with sth.39.privilege n. 1)特殊利益；優(yōu)惠待遇；特權；特殊待遇e

48、g: Education should be a universal right and not a privilege. 2)榮幸；榮耀；光榮eg: It was a great privilege to hear her sing.40.spare adj. 1)不用的；閑置的eg: Im afraid I havent got any spare cash. 2)備用的；外加的eg: a spare key / tyre / clothes 3)空閑的；空余的eg: He is studying music in his spare time. v. 1)抽出；撥出；留出；勻出eg: C

49、an you spare a feww minutes for me? 2)省去；免去eg: She wants to spare her mothers pain. 3)饒??；赦免；放過；41.equip v. 1)裝備；配備 equip sth. with sth. 2)使有所準備；使具備能力 equip sb. with sth. for sth.eg: This course is designed to equip students for a job.42.have sb. do sth. (make/let sb do sth. ) 讓某人做某事,強調(diào)一次性的動作。 have s

50、b / sth. doing sth是指讓某人一直做某事，強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性、連續(xù)性或者動作的反復性 have sth. done 讓被做eg: I will have someone repair the bike for you. Youd better have your car runing slowly.eg: We just had the machine repaired.43.associate v. 聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系 eg: associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. n.同事；伙伴 eg: business associate adj.非正式的；副的 eg:

51、associate director / membership44.concert n. 音樂會；演奏會 in concert with sb. / sth. 與合作（或同心協(xié)力） concerted adj.努力的；共同籌劃決定的；同心協(xié)力的；eg: a concerted approach / attack / campaign / effort謝謝觀賞1.promising adj.有前途的，有希望的，前景很好的2.vigorous adj.精力充沛的；充滿活力的；活躍的；積極的 vigor n.體力;精力;活力 3.screw n. 螺絲釘4.go up to 進；入；去 eg: Go

52、 up to your room! / go up to London 5.deliberate adj. 故意的；蓄意的；深思熟慮的；慎重的6.vapor n. 水汽，水蒸氣7.so that 以便；結果，以致；8.germ n.細菌；病菌9.license v. 同意；批準；許可 10.startle v. (使)震驚; (使)大吃一驚; (使)驚嚇11.approach v. 1)靠近；接近；走近 2)探討；處理；對待 3)（某事）臨近；來臨 sth. approaches 4)與接洽；找商量 approach sb. about sth. n.1)路徑;途徑;道路 the approa

53、ch to sp.2)方法;態(tài)度;手段 the approach to (doing) sth.12.confident adj. 確信的，深信的；有信心的，沉著的；13.regardless adv. 不顧后果地;不管怎樣;無論如何;不顧一切地 regardless of 不顧；不管；不論 eg: regardless of religion, colour, race14.survive v. 比活得久;比長壽 surrvive sb.15.set about (doing) sth. 開始做某事e about 產(chǎn)生;發(fā)生 come across 偶然發(fā)現(xiàn);偶然遇見17.lifespan

54、n. （人、動植物的）壽命; （產(chǎn)品等的）預期使用期限；18.desirable adj. 令人滿意的；稱心的；受歡迎的19.call for 要求；需求；號召；呼吁 20.divide v.（使）分開；（使）分散;（使）分裂 divide into 21.thank to 幸虧， 多虧， 由于 due to 由于；因為；應歸功于；應歸咎于；22.in part 在某種程度上，部分地； in short 簡而言之，總之；一句話；23.take place 發(fā)生，舉行 take effect 生效，奏效 take back 收回;退回;歸還 take away 拿走;奪走24.absent-minded adj. 健忘的，心不在焉的，漫不經(jīng)心的25.withdrawn adj. 孤僻的，離群的；偏僻的26.promptly adv. 敏捷地；迅速地；立即地；27.unfavorable adj. 不利的；令人不快的；不吉利的；相反的；反對的28.customary adj.習慣的；通常的；習俗的，慣例的29.it is expected that 預計；預估30.inferiority n. 劣勢；下等；自卑 inferior adj. 低劣的；下級的；下等的；下面的31.unlike adj. 不