最新中考初中英語被動語態(tài)專題復習學案

1、中考初中英語 被動語態(tài) 專題復習學案1 .定義：語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，用來說明句中主語和謂語動詞的關系。如果主語是動詞的執(zhí)行者，則使用主動 語態(tài)，如果主語是動作的承受者，則使用 被動 語態(tài).2 .英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)3 .主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)：主動：The boy broke the window yesterday.動作執(zhí)行者動詞主動形式動作承受者被動：The window was broken by the boy.動作承受者動詞被動形式動作執(zhí)行者練習：劃出動作的執(zhí)行者與承受者.主動：Bell invented the telephone in 1876.被動:The pho

2、ne was invented by Bell in 1876.4 .結(jié)構(gòu)：be(am/is/are/was/were) + V 及過分eg:1.English is spoken by many people.2.A book is written by him.注：不及物動詞 和系動詞沒有被動語態(tài).5 .各種時態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)：am/is /are+V 及過分eg:The classroom is cleaned every day.(2) 一般過去時被動語態(tài)：was/were+V及過分eg:The bike was bought yesterday. 含有情態(tài)動

3、詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞(can/may /must/should/need)+be+ V 及過分2.Treeseg:1.It can be done in one hour.must be planted every year.(4) 一般將來時被動:will/ shall be+V及過分eg:The meetingwill be held tomorrow.(5)現(xiàn)在進行時被動:am/is/are+being+V及過分 eg:An English talkis being given by MrWang.(6)現(xiàn)在完成時被動:have/has+been+V及過分 eg:Many buildi

4、ngshave been built in ourcity.(7)過去完成時被動:had been+V 及過分eg:Lots of treeshad been plantedin the past few years.6 .被動語態(tài)的基本用法:1 .強調(diào)或突出動作的執(zhí)行者時用by+執(zhí)行者.eg:Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.2 .沒必要或無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者.eg:1.Cars are made in Shanghai.2.Sweaters are used for keeping warm注：1.

5、漢語中的“被，受，由”等詞在翻譯英語時常用被動語態(tài)2.含有hear/make/see的句子變?yōu)楸粍訒r，需要加 to.eg:1.I often hear her sing in the next room.She often singin the next room.2 .The boss made his brother work 18hours a day.His brother work 18 hours a day.3 .用于詞組的被動語態(tài)，常用于表示"據(jù)說"或"相信"，eg： It is said that.(據(jù)說)It is reported

6、that (據(jù)報道 )It is well-known that (眾所周知)4 .有些動詞用主動表被動：write/sell/ clean/wash/want(need)+ doing/want(need)+ to be done/be worth doingeg: (1)這種食物嘗起來好賣的也好.This food tastes and well.(2)這支筆寫的很糟/流暢.This pen badly/smoothly.即學即練：一.用括號中動詞被動結(jié)構(gòu)的適當形式填空.1 .English widely(use)in the world.2 .She(fall) ill last nig

7、ht ,and she(take) to the hospital at once.3.The Great Wall(know)all over the world.4.Three children(take) goodcare of by the nurse.5.Some new houses(build)by the villagers themselves.6 .What language(speak)in Japan ?7 .The black bike(buy)in that shop three days ago.8 .The big tree(blow)down in the s

8、torm last night.9 .Computer science(teach) nowalmost in all universities.10 .The first railway in the world(design) in the last century.11 .The window(not break)by the boy just now.12 .Visitors (ask) notto touch the exhibits( 展覽品).13 .A beautiful horse(draw) by John yesterday.14 .The pictures(take)

9、byJack tomorrow.15 .School football game(hold) last Friday evening.16 .A number of the trees(plant) around Dalian every year.17 .This book(write) for Chinese children at that time.18 .He(invite) to the party by his friends last Monday.19 .The sports meeting(hold) next Friday.二.單項選擇.1 .a new library

10、in our school last year?A.Is; builtB.Was; builtC.Does; build D.Were,built2 .An accident on this road last week.A.was happenedB.is happenedC.happenedD.was happening3 .Cotton in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grownC.grows D.grow4 .A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week.A.is gi

11、venB.has been givenC.will be given D. will given5 .Your shoes. You need a new pair.A.wear outB.worn outC.are worn out D. wears out6 .It is reported that more teachingbuildings in our school next term.A.will be builtB.will buildC.was builtD.built7 .Mary show me her new dictionary just now.A.has asked

12、 to B.was asked toC.is askedD.asked8 .The monkey was seen off the tree.A.jump B.jumpedC.to jump D.jumping9 .He some pieces of advice, but he to them.A.gave, didn ' t listenB.was given, wasn ' t listenedC.was given, didn ' t listenD.gives, doesn ' t listen10 .A strange thing in our sc

13、hoolyesterday.A.was happenedB.has been happenedC.happenedD.happens11 .Jim wasn ' t at school because he to stay at home.A.is toldB.toldC.was toldD.will be told12 .The teacher told his students that they to be useful men to the country.A.were all expectedB.were all expectingC.all were expectedD.e

14、xpected13.that Susan can ' t go to theparty because she.A.It'ssaid , didn't inviteB.It'ssaid , wasn't invitedC.I was told , wasn't invitedD.It'ssaid, doesn't invite(3) According to the passage, the scholar must be11A. a stupid manB. a lazy、英語閱讀理解專項練習試卷manC. a wise man

15、D. a funnyman1 .閱讀理解A wealthy man asked an old scholar to tell his son away from his bad habits. The scholar took the young man for a walk through a garden. Stopping suddenly, he told the boy to pull out a tiny plant growing there.(4) This passage mainly talks about.A. we need exercise more to pull

16、trees outB. how to get away from bad habitsC. talking with a scholar is very importantD. the earlier getting away from bad habits, the better 【答案】(1) C(3) C(4) D【分析】短文大意：一個富人請求一位智The young man made it easily. The old man then(2) Aasked him to pull out a little bigger plant. The young man pulled hard

17、 and the plant came out with its roots.Now pull out that one, “ said the old man, pointing to【解析】said the old man.a little tree. The boy had to use all his strength to pull it out.“Now take this one out, “said the old man, pointing at a big orange tree. The young man held the trunk (樹干)and tried to

18、pull it out. But it would not move. " It'smpossible said the boy, panting (喘息) with the effort.So it is with bad habits, they are young, it is easy to pull them out. But whenthey go deeply, they cannot be uprooted.”The conversation with the old man changed the boy's life.(1) The scholar

19、 asked the young man to take a walk with him in the.A. forestB. parkC.gardenD. school The scholar asked the young man to pull out plants for times.A. fourB. twoC. threeD. five者去除兒子的壞習慣。智者把這個孩子帶到了公園，要求這個年輕人先后四次拔出植物，由易到難，去除壞習慣也是如此，當它們還不明顯的時候，去 除它們很容易，但是當它們深深扎根的時候，就難 以去除了。智者的這堂特殊的課改掉了孩子的壞習 慣，改變了男孩的一生。(

20、1)C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段中的句子“The“ Whenscholar took the young man for a walk through agarden.可知，智者讓青年人在花園里與他一起散步，故答案為Co(2) A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文中出現(xiàn)的句子to pullout a tiny plant , to pull out a little bigger plant.Now pull out that one, said the old man, pointing to a _little tree ." Now take this one out, " sai

21、d the old man,pointing at a big orange tree. 可知，智者要求這個年 輕人先后四次拔出植物。故答案為Ao(3) C推理判斷題。智者要求這個年輕人先后四次 拔出植物，由易到難，去除壞習慣也是如此，當它 們還不明顯的時候，去除它們很容易，但是當它們A.呼吸日B.呻吟般的聲C息D聲深深扎根的時候，就難以去除了。智者的這堂特殊 的課改掉了孩子的壞習慣，改變了男孩的一生，足 以說明智者的聰明之處，故答案選C。(4) D主旨大意題。根據(jù)短文倒數(shù)第二段智者的話： “Sdt is with bad habits, said the old man. "Whe

22、n they are young, it is easy to pull them out. But when they go deeply, they cannot be uprooted. 可知，壞習 慣要及早的去除，越早遠離壞習慣，越好。故答案 為Do【點評】主旨大意題（主題、標題）在閱讀理解中 經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)。第四小題適合用捕捉主旨大意來解 題。所謂主旨大意，也就是文章的中心思想，主題 思想，中心觀點，它常常針對文章的主題，作者的 寫作意圖，文章段落的中心思想進行提問，這類題 也叫歸納概括題。文中智者用拔植物的難易來類比 壞習慣的去除也是如此。當它們還不明顯的時候， 去除它們很容易，但是當

23、它們深深扎根的時候，就 難以去除了。也就是說越早遠離壞習慣越好。答案 為Do2 .閱讀理解It was a full moon night. A thief was getting ready to steal something from a villager's house. He got to the house, and then went inside quietly. By the moonlight outside, he entered a dark room.He could not even see his own hands or feet. But on the

24、 wall near the roof, there was a ventilator （通風設備）.The moon created a circle of light on it. The thief brought a cloth with him in order to get together all the things he hoped to steal. He spread it out on the floor and went inside the storeroom, where all the things were kept.He didn't know th

25、at the owner of the house was awake and watching. As soon as the thief went inside the storeroom, he got up quickly from his bed, and picked up the cloth which the thief had spread out. He came back to his bed, which was in one dark corner of the room, and waited for the thief to come out.At the sam

26、e time, the thief went on collecting the things he wanted and threw them on the floor where he knew he had spread out the cloth. Soon there was a little mountain in the center of the room. Then the thief looked around for the end of the cloth to tie up the stolen things. At that time, the house owne

27、r let out a big groan-a deep groan. The thief was so scared that he hurried to run away. The thief not only failed to steal. But also lost his cloth.(1) )From the passage we can learn that the thief was to steal something from a villager's house .A. in the afternoonB. in themorningC. at nightD.

28、at noon(2) The underlined word “groan" means .(3) What of the following statements is not true according to the passage?A. The thief spread the cloth out on the floor and went inside.B. The thief was so scared after the house owner let out a big groan.C. The owner of the house asleep .D. The th

29、ief not only failed to steal, but also lost his cloth.【答案】(1) CB(3) C【解析】【分析】文章講述了一個小偷半夜溜進一 家房子，準備偷東西后來主人醒了，小偷被嚇跑， 什么也沒偷到的故事。(1)細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù) It was a full moon night. A thief was getting ready to steal something from a villager's house.可知小'偷是晚上才進去偷東西的， 故選c(2)細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù) "Atthat time, the house

30、 owner let out a big groan-a deep groan. The thief was so scared that he hurried to run away. 可知小偷 是聽得到了一聲呻吟，才嚇跑了，故選 b(3)細節(jié)推理推題。通讀全文可知，主任沒有睡 著，后來發(fā)現(xiàn)了小偷，才嚇跑小偷。故選 c【點評】這種故事閱讀類的文章，重點在于讀懂故 事講得大概內(nèi)容，找到題干和選項對應的重點句 子，比較分析，逐一排除3 .根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正誤。I was 15 months old, a happy and carefree kid, until the day I fell.

31、 It was a bad fall. I landed on a piece of glass that cut my eye badly. From then on, my injured, sightless, cloudy gray eye lived on with me.Sometimes people asked me embarrassing (使人 難堪的)questions. Whenever kids played games, I was the "monster". I was always imagining that everyone look

32、ed down on(瞧不起)me. Yet mum would say to me, "Hold your head up high and face the world." I began to depend on that saying. As a child, I thought mum meant, "Be careful , or you will fall down or bump into something because you are not looking. "As a teenager, I usually looked dow

33、n to hide my shame. But I found that when I held my head up high, people liked me.In high school, I even became the class president, but inside I still felt like a monster. All I really wanted was to look like everyone else. When things got really bad, I would cry to my mum and she would look at me

34、with loving eyes and say," Hold your head up high and face the world. Let them see the beauty that is inside instead of your appearance(夕卜貌)."My mum's love was the sunshine that made me bright. I had faced hard times, and learned not only to be confident(自信的)but also to have deep “comp

35、assion(同情)for others. "Hold your head up high "has been heard many times in my home. I say it to my children. The gift my mum gave me will live on.(1) The writer imagined that everyone looked down on her because of her appearance.(2) People always asked her embarrassing questions.(3) The w

36、riter's mum said "Hold your head up high" to her to make her more confident.(4) The writer understood the saying very well as a child.(5) The writer is living with a warm and brave heart now.【答案】(1)1(6) 0(7) 1(8) 0(9) 1【解析】【分析】本文講了作者小時候因眼睛受傷 導致外貌變丑而心情低落，在媽媽的幫助之下改變 自己并變得自信的故事。(1)細節(jié)理解題。根

37、據(jù)第二段Whenever kids played games, I was the "monster". I was always imagining that everyone looked down on me , 可知作 者總是想象每個人會因為她的外貌而瞧不起她，故 答案為正確。(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Sometimes peopleasked me embarrassing questions, 可知有時候人們 會問使人難堪的的問題，而always意為總是，故答案為錯誤。(3)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段 My mum's love was the suns

38、hine that made me bright. I had faced hard times, and learned not only to be confident but also to have deep compassion for others ,媽媽的愛是 照亮我的陽光，我面對困難，不僅學會了自信而且 學會了深切的同情別人，可知媽媽讓作者抬頭是為 了讓她更自信，故答案為正確。(4)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段 As a child, I thought mum meant, "Be careful, or you will fall down or bump into s

39、omething because you are not looking." 小時候，我認為媽媽的意思是：要小心，否則你會 摔倒或者碰到什么東西因為你沒有在看路，可知作 者小時候不理解這句諺語，故答案為錯誤。(5)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Hold your head up high "has been heard many times in my home.I say it to my children. The gift my mum gave me will live on , 抬起你的頭”這句話在我家聽到過很多次，我也跟 我的孩子們說，我媽媽給我的禮物將會

40、永存，可知 作者現(xiàn)在帶著一顆溫暖并勇敢的心生活，故答案為 正確?！军c評】考查閱讀理解，注意理解文章大意，根據(jù) 題目去文章找到對應的信息，進行理解判斷。4 .閱讀材料，然后從各題所給的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案。Every year, more than 26,000 children arrive inBritain. We ask some new arrivals what they like best about their new lives and what's different from home.Jarek, PolandDaisy & Luck,the USA

41、LiI don't know anybody from Poland here, but I'm luckybecause theEnglish boy next door is very friendly and kind. We are in the same class! I like teachers here. At home, the teachers seem a bit strict and serious. There are a lot of rules, too. Here, teachers are patient and don't give

42、much homework. We students go out of school and buy pizza or burgers at lunchtime. We can't do that in Poland.My sister and I like living here. It's cool! My sister loves the British accent （口音）.Everybody here is very polite. But we don't understand all your strange words-we say "ya

43、rd" not garden, and "apartment"not flat.The food is better here. There's Chinese, Indian and Thai. At home we eat too much fast food.Zinah, IndiaIt's too cold here! I hate doing sports, especially outside in winter. The teacher here is very serious about sports. I prefer scien

44、ce and maths. I love themaths class because the teacher is really funny, ustlike my mathsteacher in India. The school is so big and some studentsseemunfriendly. I'm from a small village school. I think it's hard to communicatewiththem.maths teacher in India.理解可知，Zinah認為他的數(shù) 學老師比較滑稽，幽默，故選Do(3)

45、理解歸納題。通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要 介紹了四個到英國學習的學生自己的學習體會，應 該與教育有關，故選 B?！军c評】考查閱讀理解。本文考查細節(jié)題和主旨題 等?？碱}型，細節(jié)題要注意從文中抓住關鍵詞尋找 答案；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出主 題句。5.閱讀理解(1 ) Among the above four children, probably likes the new school life best.A. LuckB. ZinahWant to enjoy some extreme sports(極限運動)？Here are a small number of the extre

46、me sport clubs across universities in the UK.Octopush(水中曲棍 球)Oxford,YorkAberdeen and Warwick are only some of the universities that offer thisratherunusual sport. Anyone who is able to swim can play. It is played by two teams of six players. Everyone wears a mask and carries a small wooden stick.C.

47、JarckD. Daisy(2) In Zinah's eyes, her maths teacher in India might be.A. coldB. strictC. patientD. humorous3 3) The passage is probably taken from.A. a travel magazineB. an education websiteC. a geography textbookD. a business newspaper【答案】(1) CD(3) B【解析】【分析】文章大意：介紹了Jarek, Daisy,Lucy和Zinah來到英國以后

48、自己的學習生活體驗。(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第一個方框中的語句Ilike teachers here.可知，Jarek喜歡這里的學校生活， 故選C。(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的語句I love the mathsclass because the teacher is really funny, just like mySkiingandsnowboarding Nearlyeveryuniversity in the UK has a skiing andsnowboarding club. Forexample,BASE jumping The University of Lincoln offers BAS jumping. In BAS jumping, players jump from fixed objects and use a parachute(降落傘)to break their fall. They go on weekly trips to Skydive Hibaldstow.Brumski 8. Board Clu