【牛津譯林版】（江蘇專用）2012屆高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品學(xué)案：語(yǔ)法部分第2講冠詞

1、第2講 冠詞（要點(diǎn)透視）一、不定冠詞(a/an)規(guī)則1：當(dāng)緊挨著不定冠詞的單詞的第一個(gè)音素為輔音音素時(shí)，用a；而當(dāng)緊挨著不定冠詞的單詞的第一個(gè)音素為元音音素時(shí)，用an?！咎貏e提醒】判斷a還是an的依據(jù)是其后的詞的發(fā)音，而不是單純判斷是否元音字母。a university student, a unique style, a European writer, an honest boy, an xray, an 800metrelong bridge規(guī)則2：“a/an 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”常用來表示泛指。I only know it was a dog not a cat that bit me. 我

2、只知道是狗咬了我而不是貓。The boy was very pleased to have caught a fish. 這男孩很高興抓住了一條魚。規(guī)則3：序數(shù)詞前面加不定冠詞a/an表示“再一，又一”。She didn't like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one. 她不喜歡這兩個(gè)包的顏色，又要了一個(gè)。They have a second house in the country. 他們?cè)卩l(xiāng)下還有一間房子。規(guī)則4：在“of a/an 名詞單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定冠詞a/an表示“同一，相同”，相當(dāng)于the same。T

3、hey are all songs of a type. 它們是同類型的歌曲。Birds of a feather flock together. 物以類聚，人以群分。規(guī)則5：不定冠詞a/an用在姓氏和星期名稱前表示“某一個(gè)”，“有一個(gè)”；也可指與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事物，相當(dāng)于“a certain”。We all regard him as a living Lei Feng.我們把他當(dāng)做活雷鋒。A Mr. Li died on a Saturday. 有個(gè)李先生死于某個(gè)星期天。規(guī)則6：a/an 在表示時(shí)間和度量單位的名詞前，表示“每一”。He walks twenty miles an

4、hour.他每小時(shí)走20英里。規(guī)則7：不定冠詞a/an用在某些抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前，表示“一種，一件，一個(gè)”之意；如果這些名詞前有形容詞修飾，則不定冠詞通常不可少。She was a beauty when young. 她年輕的時(shí)候是個(gè)美人。He received a good education. 他接受過很好的教育。規(guī)則8：moon, sky, world等表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物被形容詞修飾時(shí)前面要加不定冠詞。When can we enjoy a new moon? 我們何時(shí)才能欣賞到一彎新月呢？規(guī)則9：用于most 前表示程度，意為“非常，十分”。It's a most i

5、nteresting book. 這是一本非常有趣的書。二、 定冠詞(the)定冠詞(the)主要用于特指，但也可以用于泛指。所謂特指，是指上文已提到的人和物，或是被限制性修飾語(yǔ)加以限定的人和物，也可指說話雙方心目中所默認(rèn)的特定的人和物。規(guī)則1：方位名詞east, west, south, north, left, right, front, middle 和時(shí)間名詞present, past, future前都要用定冠詞the。He lives in the north. 他生活在北方。We learn from the past, experience the present, and h

6、ope for the future. 我們學(xué)習(xí)過去，體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在，展望未來?！咀⒁狻孔鞲痹~用時(shí)不加冠詞。He was then heading east for the school farm.他當(dāng)時(shí)正朝東向?qū)W校農(nóng)場(chǎng)走去。規(guī)則2：定冠詞用于姓氏名稱的復(fù)數(shù)前，表示“一家人或夫婦倆”。The Smiths live in the apartment above ours. 史密斯一家住在我們上面的一個(gè)公寓里。規(guī)則3：by 和計(jì)量單位名詞連用時(shí)，名詞前要用冠詞the；但如果該名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，則不用冠詞。例如：by the yard/the meter/the dozen/the month/ the

7、 year/the hour, 但是要說：by weight/volume/area。He pays the rent by the month. 他按月付房租。They got their pay by weight. 他們按重量取酬。規(guī)則4：當(dāng)西洋樂器名稱作play的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞前必須加定冠詞the。She is good at playing the piano. 她鋼琴?gòu)椀煤?。?guī)則5：名詞由短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句修飾而成為特指時(shí)要加定冠詞the；但是，修飾以后仍然是泛指時(shí)就不能用定冠詞。This morning I saw a woman who looked like your aunt.

8、今天上午我看到了一位婦女，她很像你的阿姨。You'd better ask the woman who sits in front of you to help you. 你最好請(qǐng)坐在你前面的婦女幫你。規(guī)則6：“the 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”表示泛指時(shí)通常是在談?wù)摪l(fā)明物和科技問題，而“the 表人的形容詞或表國(guó)籍的形容詞(以sh或ch結(jié)尾的)”表示泛指時(shí)是指“某一類人和全體某國(guó)人”。Do you know who invented the telephone? 你知道是誰(shuí)發(fā)明了電話嗎？Her job was to take care of the wounded. 她的工作就是照顧傷員。The

9、 British are very proud of their sense of humor. 英國(guó)人為自己的幽默感而自豪。規(guī)則7：用于某些介詞短語(yǔ)中指身體的某個(gè)部分。We caught him by the arm. 我們抓住了他的胳膊。He patted me on the back. 他輕輕地拍了拍我的背。規(guī)則8：另外，獨(dú)一無二的名詞、江河湖海(山脈、群島、海灣、海峽)等地理名詞、形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)及某些含有普通名詞的專有名詞(國(guó)名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、建筑物、報(bào)紙雜志、會(huì)議條約等)前要用定冠詞。He looked up at the stars in the sky. 他抬頭看了看天上的星星。

10、Of the four of us, I sang the worst. 我們4個(gè)當(dāng)中，我唱得最差。The Yellow River flows into the Bohai Sea. 黃河流入渤海。We visited the Great Wall yesterday. 昨天我們參觀了長(zhǎng)城。規(guī)則9：用在習(xí)慣語(yǔ)中。in the end, on the whole, by the way三、零冠詞 (即不用冠詞)規(guī)則1：物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞都是不可數(shù)名詞，泛指總稱時(shí)不用冠詞。Wealth does not always bring happiness. 財(cái)富不總是會(huì)帶來幸福。I love musi

11、c, while my brother likes art. 我喜歡音樂，而我兄弟卻愛好藝術(shù)。規(guī)則2：class, school, church, college, university, hospital, prison, court, bed, table等名詞，當(dāng)我們?nèi)∷鼈兊墓δ芤饬x作某一目的用時(shí)，不加冠詞；如果這些名詞表示“場(chǎng)所”時(shí)，要加冠詞。He left school at the age of 18. 他18 歲學(xué)校畢業(yè)。They live near a school. 他們靠一所學(xué)校居住。Parents should tell children to behave well a

12、t table. 父母應(yīng)教育孩子注意餐桌禮儀。A bowl fell off the table. 一只碗從桌子上掉了下來。規(guī)則3: society表示“我們居住的社會(huì)”時(shí)， space表示“星球間的距離即太空”時(shí)， nature表示“大自然”時(shí)， most表示“大多數(shù)”， man 表示“人類”，word表示“消息”時(shí)都不用冠詞。Racism exists at all levels of society.種族主義存在于社會(huì)各階層。規(guī)則4：“kind of 名詞”中的名詞不用冠詞，類似的名詞還有：type, sort, species。Today's vehicles use two

13、kinds of fuel petrol and diesel.如今的車輛使用兩種燃料汽油和柴油。He's a fine type of Chinese gentleman. 他是中國(guó)紳士的典范。規(guī)則5: 在動(dòng)詞turn之后作表語(yǔ)的名詞前不用冠詞。在as(雖然)引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句前面的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。He used to be a teacher till he turned writer. 他在成為作家以前一直是老師。Quiet student as he may be, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after clas

14、s.雖然他是個(gè)安靜的學(xué)生，下課后他經(jīng)常談?wù)撍貏e喜歡的歌星。 規(guī)則6：三餐，球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和棋類游戲名詞前不用冠詞。play football 踢足球play chess 下國(guó)際象棋規(guī)則7：表示職位、身份、頭銜和季節(jié)、年份、日期的名詞前不用冠詞。President was holding the meeting. 董事長(zhǎng)在主持會(huì)議。Spring is at hand. 春天即將來臨。規(guī)則8：多數(shù)街名、廣場(chǎng)名、車站、機(jī)場(chǎng)、公園、橋梁名、大學(xué)名、節(jié)日名、雜志名前不用冠詞。Time Square 時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)St. Valentine's Day 情人節(jié)Reader's Digest 讀者文摘

15、規(guī)則9：一些慣用成語(yǔ)中常使用零冠詞。at table 在吃飯on purpose 故意的by letter/mail/telephone/land/sea 通過書信/郵件/電話/陸路/海路第2講 冠詞（考點(diǎn)突破）() 1. If I were in _ position of the mayor, I wouldn't allow _ factory like this standing on the bank of the Yangtze River.(2010·重慶高三模擬)A. a; the B. the；/ C. the; a D. /; the() 2. Mrs.

16、Hanson, a housewife bent on getting _ higher education, has been going to college, a few courses at _ time, for 7 years. (2010·江蘇寧海外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校高三月考)A. a; a B. /; the C. the; a D. /; /【解析】1. C第一空后的position 后有限定語(yǔ)，表示特指，所以用定冠詞；第二空后的factory為可數(shù)名詞，且表示泛指，所以加不定冠詞。2. Aeducation為不可數(shù)名詞，但前面有修飾語(yǔ)，具體化了，加定冠詞；at a time

17、為固定搭配，表示“一次”。() 3. There is _ small temple on the island, which can only be reached by _ water. (2011·云南昆明一中高三月考)A. a; / B. a; the C. the; the D. the; /() 4. Excuse me, where can I get _ application form? Go to _ Window 10, please. (2010·北京市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三考前預(yù)測(cè))A. an; / B. an; the C. /; / D. the; th

18、e () 5. It is reported that a car went out of _ control on a high way _ north of Tangshan and three people got killed. (2010·河北唐山一中高考模擬)A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /() 6. Department of Homeland Security and CIA produced _ joint report on Monday warning that _ next 9·11 could in f

19、act occur on _ different date. (2011·河南鄭州四中高三調(diào)考)A. the; a; the B. a; the; a C. the; the; a D. a; /; the () 7. What _ disappointment to see Liu Xiang quit his game in _ 29th Beijing Olympic Games! But I still support him. After all, he is in poor health.(2011·江蘇白塔高級(jí)中學(xué)高三月考)A. /; the B. a; th

20、e C. the; / D. the; the () 8. When the ship was on _ point of sinking, people on _ board rushed to the bank. (2011·四川成都市三校高三聯(lián)考)A. the; / B. a; a C. the; the D. /; the() 9. With its rising economy in China, _ car is becoming _ common means of transportation. (2011·浙江衢州市杜澤中學(xué)高三第一次模擬)A. a; the

21、 B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the ()10. Do you know your cousin plays _ piano all day even on the National Day? I know he wants to be _ Lang Lang.(2011·四川成都七中學(xué)情檢測(cè))A. the; the B. the; a C. /; a D. /; the ()11. If you grow up in _ large family, you are more likely to develop _ ability to get on well

22、 with _ others. (2011·福建福州三中高三月考)A. /; an; the B. the; an; the C. a; the; / D. a; the; the ()12. Mr. White, who comes from _ European country, has formed _ habit of attending _ church on Sundays.(2010·浙江杭州西湖高級(jí)中學(xué)高三月考)A. an; /; the B. a; the; / C. an; the; / D. a; a; a()13. On April 14th, re

23、sidents of China's remote Yushu County, located on _ Tibetan plateau, were awoken by _ strong earthquake. (2010·江蘇南京一中高三模擬)A. the; the B. a; the C. a; / D. the; a ()14. I've heard that most schools have banned _ junk food and brought out new menus. “That's cool”， said Andrew, _ 11th

24、 grader. (2010·江蘇宿遷市高三模擬)A. /; an B. /; the C. the; a D. the; / ()15. The driver was at _ loss when _ word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding. (2010·江蘇建湖二中高三模擬)A. a; / B. a; the C. the; the D. /; / ()16. Did Susanna visit you again _ next year? No, it was almost ten years bef

25、ore she came to see me _ second time.(2010·江蘇省泰州/南通市高三模擬)A. the; a B. the; / C. a; the D. a; a()17. Hunger is _ number one global health risk, so the WFP has organized a lot of programmes, which targets people most at _ risk. (2010·江蘇鹽城中學(xué)高三期中考試)A. the; / B. a; /C. the; the D. a; a17. A第一空用定冠詞，特指“第一位的威脅”；at risk 為固定短語(yǔ)，表示“處于危險(xiǎn)中”。()18. In recent years, _ problem of global warming has become very serious. That's right. People are facing _ diversity of natural disasters now.(2010·江蘇南京十三中高三考前模擬)A. /; a B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a ()19. In recent years, _