新視野大學(xué)英語2unit1

1、Unit 1Time-conscious AmericansIndex Preview and Warm up New Words Phrases and Expressions Text structure analysis Text key points ExpansionWarm up Time flies. 時(shí)光易逝 Time is money. 一寸光陰一寸金 Time lost can not be recalled.光陰一去不復(fù)返 Time and tide wait for no man. 歲月不待人 Time cannot be won again. 時(shí)間一去不再來 Time

2、 is , time was , and time is past. 現(xiàn)在有時(shí)間，過去有時(shí)間，時(shí)間一去不復(fù)返 Time lost can not be recalled.光陰一去不復(fù)返New words budget v. plan carefully how much of sth. will be needed （為.）作出安排 She has learned how to budget her time carefully. 她已學(xué)會了怎么精心安排自己的時(shí)間。The government has budgeted 10 million dollars for education spen

3、ding. 政府在預(yù)算中撥款一千萬美元作為教育經(jīng)費(fèi)。vi. plan the spending of money carefully 制定預(yù)算 As a student, you have to learn how to budget. 作為學(xué)生，你得學(xué)會如何制定開支計(jì)劃。n.C the amount of money a person or organization has to spend on sth. 預(yù)算It is important to balance ones budget. 使收支平衡十分重要。They are preparing the companys advertisi

4、ng budget for 2007. 他們正在制定公司2007年的廣告預(yù)算。New words charge v. ask sb. for an amount of money for a service 向.收費(fèi)，要價(jià) We do not charge for delivery. 我們免費(fèi)送貨上門。 The doctor charged us 400 dollars for a five-minute examination. 醫(yī)生做一次5分鐘的檢查要了我們400美元。New words acute a. 1. quick to notice sth. 敏感的；敏銳的 Dogs have

5、an acute sense of smell. 狗有靈敏的嗅覺。The critical professional requires unusually acute observation. 評論家需要非常敏銳的觀察力。 2. very serious or severe 嚴(yán)重的The president suffered acute embarrassment from this news. 這一新聞使總統(tǒng)十分難堪。He felt acute pain on his back. 他感到背部很疼。New words hourglass n.C （計(jì)時(shí)用的）沙漏 The use of the

6、hourglass dates back to almost two thousand years ago in China. 沙漏的使用在中國可追溯到差不多2千年前。New words restless a. unable to keep still because one is nervous, bored, or impatient 煩躁的；不安靜的After one month in the job, he felt restless and decided to leave. 這工作他干了一個月就感到厭倦，于是決定不干了。The children grew restless with

7、 the long wait. 等的時(shí)間一長，孩子們就逐漸躁動不安起來。 restlesslyad. in a restless manner; impatiently 煩躁地；不安靜地She walked back and forth restlessly in her room. 她焦躁不安地在房間里走來走去。He moved about restlessly, lighting a cigarette. 他焦躁不安地走來走去，點(diǎn)燃了一支煙。New words elbow vt.push sb. with the elbows 用肘推（或撞）人 He elbowed me out of t

8、he way. 他用肘把我推開了。 She elbowed her way forward. 她用胳膊肘推擠著向前走。 The old brands have been elbowed out of the home market. 老品牌已經(jīng)被擠出了國內(nèi)市場。 n.C the joint where the arm bends 肘 He sat with his elbows on the table. 他坐著，雙肘架在桌上。 His arm was wrapped from the elbow to the fingers. 他的胳膊從肘部一直包扎到手指。New words abrupt

9、a. 1.(of behavior) rough; offensive粗魯?shù)?，無禮的 The manager was offended by his abrupt reply. 經(jīng)理被他的粗魯?shù)幕卮鸺づ恕?The head teacher is very abrupt with parents. 主任老師對家長們的態(tài)度很粗魯。 2. sudden and unexpected 突然的，意外的 The road is full of many abrupt turns. 這條路有許多急轉(zhuǎn)彎。 His abrupt departure surprised everyone. 他突然離去，使大家都

10、很吃驚。New words opening a. beginning; starting 開始的 the opening words開場白 He left after the opening speech of the debate. 辯論會的開場白之后他就走了。 The queen attended the opening night of the theatre. 女王觀看了這家劇院的首夜演出。New words opening n. 1. C an occasion when a new building, road, etc. is used for the first time, e

11、sp. one that involves a ceremony 開業(yè)典禮；落成典禮 the opening of a new highway 一條新公路的通車典禮 Many attended the opening of the new sports center. 很多人參加了新體育中心的落成典禮。 2. C a position that is available in a business or firm 空缺職位 There are few openings in publishing for new graduates. 出版行業(yè)能為新畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生提供的空缺職位極少。 Im try

12、ing to apply for an opening in an advertising firm. 我正在申請廣告公司的一個空缺職位。New words ritual a. done regularly and in the same way 例行的；慣常的 Every day the work begins with the ritual greetings. 每天的工作以例行的問候開始。 They made ritual apology and left. 他們做了程式化的道歉，然后就離開了。 n.C, U sth. done regularly and in the same way

13、 慣例 Wives make a ritual of their household duties. 家庭主婦每天都是一成不變地操持家務(wù)。 Ive wound up the clock so many times that it has become a ritual. 我經(jīng)常給鐘上發(fā)條，以致這已成了我的習(xí)慣。New words interaction n.1. C, U communication 交流 The interaction of the two groups produced many good ideas. 兩個組通過相互交流提出了許多不錯的見解。 If there was m

14、ore interaction between the two, their problems would be solved. 如果雙方有更多的溝通，他們的問題會得到解決。 2. C, U a process by which two or more things affect each other 相互作用；相互影響 the interaction of two medicines 兩種藥之間的相互作用 The interaction between different police forces would improve the rate of solving crimes. 警方相互

15、合作可以提高破案率。 New words conventionn.1. C, U general, usu. unspoken agreement about how people should act or behave in certain situations 習(xí)俗；慣例By convention, the leader is always a man. 按照慣例，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)總是由男性擔(dān)任。Wearing a coat and tie is an accepted convention on such an occasion. 在那種場合，穿外套系領(lǐng)帶是約定俗成的穿著要求。2. C a mee

16、ting of members of a profession, political party, etc. 會議；大會They hold the annual convention in July. 他們每年7月召開年度會議。The convention decided on a new rule. 大會就一項(xiàng)新規(guī)定作出決議。New words leisure n.1. U time free from work or other duties; spare time 空閑，閑暇 Weve been working all week without a moments leisure. 我們

17、已整整干了一周，無一刻閑暇。He has some leisure from his studies. 他在學(xué)習(xí)之余有些空閑時(shí)間。2. U ease 悠閑，安逸A life of easy leisure makes a man less adventurous. 安逸的生活會使人變得不思進(jìn)取。After she retired, she lived in leisure at home. 她退休后閑居在家。 leisurelya.without hurrying 從容的；不匆忙的walk at a leisurely pace 邁著從容的步伐行進(jìn)Her walked at a more le

18、isurely pace. 他慢悠悠地走著。New words assess vt.judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of sb. or sth. 評價(jià)，評估 They assessed the value of the house at $600,000. 他們估算這幢房子值60萬美元。 They say they can assess intelligence from these tests. 他們聲稱通過這些測試能對智力進(jìn)行評估。New words surroundings n.(pl.) all the

19、 objects, conditions, etc. that are around and may affect sb. or sth.; environment 周圍的事物；環(huán)境 pleasant surroundings 令人愉快的環(huán)境 The new surroundings made the children very happy. 新的環(huán)境讓孩子們很開心。New words probe v. try to find out the truth about sth. 調(diào)查；探究 The matter must be probed to the bottom. 這件事必須徹底調(diào)查。 S

20、he tried to probe his mind to find out what he was thinking. 她試圖探究他的心思，以便知道他在想些什么。 n.C 探針（醫(yī)生檢查傷口用的鈍頭細(xì)長工具） The doctor lost the probe during the operation. 手術(shù)過程中，醫(yī)生弄丟了探針。New words social a.1. relating to society and peoples lives in general 社會的 Governments have made efforts to improve womens social an

21、d economic status. 政府已作出努力以提高婦女的社會地位和經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。 Not least important, marriage is a great social stabilizer of men. 很重要的是，婚姻是促使男子穩(wěn)定的一大社會因素。 2. relating to meeting people and spending time with them 社交的 She often attends social gatherings. 她常出席社交聚會。 His reasons for calling were purely social. 他來訪的原因純粹是為了社交

22、。New words socially ad.與社會 (或社交) 相關(guān)地 We have known each other socially for a long time. 我們相交已久。 For socially ambitious couples this is a problem. 對社交上雄心勃勃的夫婦來說，這是一個問題。New words tick vi.(of a clock or watch) make a short repeated sound （鐘、表等）滴答響The old clock ticked noisily. 那口老鐘的滴答聲很響。My watch doesnt

23、 tick because its electronic. 我的表不滴嗒作響，因?yàn)樗请娮颖怼.sing. the short repeated sound that a clock or watch makes （鐘、表的）滴答聲The continual tick of the clock got on my nerves. 鐘不斷地作響，令我心煩。The ticks seem to be coming from that bag over there. 滴答聲似乎是從那邊的袋子里發(fā)出的。New words consequently ad. as a result 因此，所以 My ca

24、r broke down and consequently I was late. 我的汽車半路上出了毛病，所以來晚了。 I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently had very little to spend on food during the last few days of the holidays. 我在假期第一周就用掉了大部分錢，因此最后幾天幾乎沒什么錢買吃的了。New words device n.1. C a machine or tool for a special purpose 器械，裝置 H

25、e made a device to make the door shut by itself. 他制作了一種能使門自動關(guān)閉的裝置。A computer is a device for processing information. 計(jì)算機(jī)是一種處理信息的裝置。2. C a way of doing sth. 方法，手段Her illness is only a device to escape seeing him. 她所謂生病只是回避見他的一種策略。By various devices he was able to make a huge fortune. 他通過各種手段賺了一大筆錢。Ne

26、w words fax n.C 傳真；傳真機(jī) Ill send you a fax with the details of the meeting. 我會把會議的細(xì)節(jié)用傳真發(fā)給你。 Ill send you the agreement by fax. 我會把合同用傳真發(fā)給你。New words email n.C, U (also e-mail) 電子郵件 Nowadays people send far more emails than letters by post. 現(xiàn)今人們發(fā)送的電子郵件遠(yuǎn)多于信件。 They keep in touch by email. 他們通過電子郵件保持聯(lián)系。N

27、ew words given prep.taking sth. into account; considering 如果考慮到 Given the uncertainty over my husbands future I was left with little other choice. 鑒于我丈夫前途的不確定性，我別無選擇。 Given the circumstances, youve done really well. 考慮到環(huán)境因素，你做得已經(jīng)很出色了。New words gathering n.C a meeting 集會，聚會 I met him once or twice at

28、 family gatherings. 我在家庭聚會上遇到過他一兩次。 Soon afterwards, the gathering broke up and the guests took their leave. 不多久，聚會結(jié)束，客人告辭。New words impersonality n. U the quality of not showing or including personal feelings 不牽涉?zhèn)€人感情；無人情味 It was a system of impersonality; it made no difference who you were, so long

29、 as you could master its rules. 這是一項(xiàng)不牽涉?zhèn)€人感情的制度，只要你掌握規(guī)則，你是誰都無關(guān)緊要。New words electronic a.1. using devices such as radios, televisions, computers, etc. 使用電子設(shè)備的 This dictionary is available in electronic form. 這部詞典有電子版本。 Ive only now become familiar with the benefits of electronic banking. 我現(xiàn)在才熟悉電子銀行的優(yōu)點(diǎn)

30、。 2. produced or operated by a flow of electrons 電子的 an electronic address book 電子地址簿 an electronic game 電子游戲 New words significance n. sing., U the importance of an event, action, etc. 重要性；重要意義 Could you explain to me the significance of this part of the agreement? 請把合同中這部分的含義給我解釋一下好嗎？ Few people r

31、ealized the significance of the discovery. 幾乎沒人意識到這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性。New words conduct /kndkt/ vt. 1. carry out 進(jìn)行；實(shí)施 conduct an experiment 做實(shí)驗(yàn) We have been conducting a survey of the region. 我們對該地區(qū)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。 2. act as the path for electricity, heat, etc. 傳導(dǎo)（電或熱） Copper conducts electricity well. 銅具有良好的導(dǎo)電性能。 He w

32、asnt sure if rubber conducted electricity. 他不能肯定橡膠是否導(dǎo)電。New words conduct /kndkt/ n.U the way sb. behaves 行為，舉止 The prisoner was set free early because of good conduct. 那個囚犯因表現(xiàn)好而被提前釋放。 Nobody can stand such shameless conduct. 沒有人能容忍如此不知羞恥的行為。New words increasingly ad. more and more 日益；愈加 Increasingly

33、, people are realizing that our basic problems are not economic ones. 人們逐漸認(rèn)識到我們的根本問題并不是經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。 The country became increasingly rich and successful. 這個國家日趨富足昌盛。New words conference n.C a formal meeting （正式）會議 The Institute of Accountants is holding its conference in Edinburgh this year. 會計(jì)師協(xié)會正在愛丁堡舉行今年的

34、會議。 Shes an organizer of the International Conference on AIDS that the university has every year. 她是大學(xué)每年召開的愛滋病國際會議的組織者。New words teleconference n. C （通過電話、電視等手段召開的）遠(yuǎn)程會議 Holding a teleconference can save time and money. 召開遠(yuǎn)程會議既省時(shí)又省錢。 The technicians were busy preparing for todays teleconference. 技術(shù)人員

35、正忙著為今天的遠(yuǎn)程會議做準(zhǔn)備工作。New words obtain vt. get sth. that one wants 獲得，得到 He always manages to obtain what he wants. 他想要的他總能弄到。 Further information can be obtained from our head office. 可以從我們的總部獲得更多的資料。New words superb a. extremely good 極好的 The sports center is superb. 這個體育中心是一流的。 The view from my window

36、is superb. 從窗外看去，景色壯麗。New words whereas conj.in contrast; while 然而；但是 He earns $8,000 whereas she gets at least $20,000 every year. 他一年只掙八千美元；而她卻至少掙兩萬美元。 She is hard-working, whereas he is lazy. 她很勤快，而他卻懶惰。New words postal a. relating to post; sent by post 郵政的；郵寄的 Domestic postal services will be re

37、viewed this year. 今年將對國內(nèi)郵政系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行評估。New words efficient a. working well and without wasting time, money, or energy 效率高的 a very efficient secretary 辦事效率高的秘書 Lighting is now more energy efficient. 現(xiàn)在的照明更節(jié)能。New words impolite a. not polite 無禮的，失禮的 It would be impolite to leave in the middle of the meeting

38、. 在會議中途離開會是失禮的。 She had no wish to appear impolite but there was something about the man that made her so. 她并不想表現(xiàn)出有失禮儀，但那個男子的舉止使她不得不如此。New words elapse * vi. (of time) pass （時(shí)間）過去，逝去 Three years have elapsed since we last met. 自我們上次見面以來，已經(jīng)過去三年了。 Four years had elapsed since he left college and still

39、 he hadnt found a job. 他大學(xué)畢業(yè)已四年了，卻仍未找到工作。New words skillful a.(BrE skilful) having or showing ability to do sth. well 熟練的；有技巧的He is skillful at inventing excuses. 他善于編造借口。Soon they became very skillful in answering such questions. 他們很快變得善于回答這類問題。 skillfulnessn. U ( BrE skilfulness) 熟練；技巧He was admir

40、ed by all for his skillfulness. 他技術(shù)精湛，贏得眾人交口稱贊。His performance tonight speaks volumes for his skillfulness. 他今晚的表現(xiàn)充分說明他技巧之熟練。New words competent a.having the necessary ability, skill, knowledge, etc. 有能力的；能干的；勝任的 Hes not competent to look after young children. 他不太會照管孩子。 My secretary is perfectly com

41、petent, but she doesnt have much patience. 我的秘書完全能夠勝任工作，只是耐心不夠。New words fulfill (BrE fulfil) vt.1. do what one must do 履行；執(zhí)行 fulfill an obligation 履行義務(wù) A nurse has many duties to fulfill in caring for the sick. 護(hù)士在護(hù)理病人時(shí)要履行許多職責(zé)。 2. achieve sth. one wanted to do 實(shí)現(xiàn)；完成 I have fulfilled many of my yout

42、hful aims. 我已實(shí)現(xiàn)了我年輕時(shí)的許多目標(biāo)。 Visiting Disneyland has fulfilled a boyhood dream. 游玩迪斯尼實(shí)現(xiàn)了他兒時(shí)的夢想。New words capital n. sing., U money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business 資本；資金 Our return on capital has more than doubled since 2000. 2000年以來, 我們的投資收益翻了一番還多。 Since the stock market crash,

43、companies have been trying to raise capital by selling new stock. 股市崩潰以來，不少公司一直在設(shè)法通過銷售新股籌集資金。Phrases and Expressions fall behind move more slowly than other people so that one is behind them 落在.后面 She hurt her ankle and fell behind the others. 她的腳踝受傷了，所以落在了其他人后面。 His mother was chatting and didnt no

44、tice that he had fallen behind. 他媽媽一直在和別人聊天，都沒發(fā)現(xiàn)他落在了后面。Phrases and Expressions result inmake sth. happen; cause 導(dǎo)致；造成.的結(jié)果 Our efforts resulted in success. 我們的努力取得了成功。 If left untreated, the condition will eventually result in blindness. 這種情況如果不治療，最終會導(dǎo)致失明。Phrases and Expressions run out 1. (of food,

45、money, etc.) there is none left 用完；耗盡 Their supplies soon ran out. 他們的供給很快就用完了。 We must act quickly because time is running out. 時(shí)間所剩無幾，我們得趕快行動。 2. use all of sth. and not have any left 用完；耗盡 We can see that the manager is running out of his patience. 我們可以看出，經(jīng)理快沒耐心了。 The printer has run out of paper

46、. 打印機(jī)的紙用完了。 Im afraid weve run of gas. 我們的汽油恐怕已經(jīng)用完了。Phrases and Expressions in a rush in a hurry 匆忙地 Im in such a rush that I cant stop. 我忙得手腳不閑，停不下來。 Everybody is always in a rush to get ready in the mornings. 早上，每個人的準(zhǔn)備工作都總是很匆忙的。 表示匆忙的詞 race through:do sth. in a hurry The child raced through his ho

47、mework in order to watch TV. 為了看電視，那孩子匆匆做完了作業(yè)。 Phrases and Expressions take . personally feel that a failure or unpleasant situation is your fault and be upset about it. You mustnt take her negative comments of your plan personally. 你不應(yīng)該把她對你的計(jì)劃的批評當(dāng)作對你個人的攻擊。Phrases and Expressions go with exist or ta

48、ke place at the same time with sth. else 同時(shí)發(fā)生；伴隨 Money does not always go with happiness. 有錢并不一定就幸福。 Responsibility goes with becoming a father. 做父親就得有責(zé)任。Phrases and Expressions small talk light informal conversation for social occasions閑聊 I am not a social person and stink at small talk. 跟讀 我不是個喜歡社

49、交的人，不善于和人閑聊。Phrases and Expressions work at put effort into sth. or doing sth. 致力于；從事 Ive been working at my essay all day. 我整天都在不停地寫文章。 You will have to work at the weak points in your English if you want to pass the examination. 你如果想通過考試，就得在你英語薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)上下功夫。Phrases and Expressions in person doing sth.

50、 by oneself 親身；親自 The winner will be there in person to collect the prize. 獲勝者將親自去那里領(lǐng)獎。 I had seen her before on TV, but she looked very different when I met her in person. 我以前在電視上見過她，但當(dāng)面相見，她卻看上去很不一樣。Phrases and Expressions due to because of sth. 由于 His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on

51、the way. 他遲到是因?yàn)槁飞宪囕v太多。 His hunger was due to not eating for the entire day. 他整天沒吃東西，因此感到餓。Phrases and Expressions pour into give a lot of effort, money, etc. to sth. 大量投入（精力或金錢等） Theyve poured thousands of dollars into developing the business. 他們已投入數(shù)千美元開展業(yè)務(wù)。 A lot of his time was poured into his res

52、earch. 他的很多時(shí)間用在了研究上。Text Structure Analysis Part one:General statement:Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.(Para.1)Time is a precious resource for Americans. Reasons: Manay people hace a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the s

53、ands have run out of a persons hourgalss, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.(Para.2)Text Structure Analysis Part two: How do Americans treat time?Details about how Americans are in a rush-often under pressure of time. Reason: People value time highly, and they resent someone els

54、e wasting is beyond a certain approriate point.(Para.3)In business life,Americans starttalking businessvery quickly in-stead of takingtime leisurelybusiness chats in arestaurant or cof-fee house, assess-ing and developinga sense of trust intheir business partners in relexedsorroundings.Reason: Time

55、is therefore, alwaysticking in their inner ear.(Para.4)They produce a flow of labor -saving devicies such as faxes,phone calls, or emails to savetime.(Para. 5)Americans believe the impersonality of electronic communication has no relation to the significance of the matterat hand. Americans are meeti

56、ng on televisions screens, etc. to settle problems both at home and abroad.(Para. 6)Almost every American uses the telephone to do everything suchas business, chats with friendsshopping, obtaining all kinds ofinformatin, etc.Reason: Telephones save endless amounts of time.(Para.7)Text Structure Analysis Part three:Cultural differences: People of different cultures believe that it is impolite to work too quickly and that assig