氧化還原反應(yīng)方程式大全

1、非金屬單質(zhì)F2,C12,02,S,N2,P,C,Si1,氧化性：F2+H2=2HFF2+Xe（過量）二二二XeF22F2過量+Xe=XeF4nF2+2M=2MFn（表示大局部金屬）2F2+2H20=4HF+022F2+2Na0H=2NaF+0F2+H20F2+2NaCl=2NaF+Cl2F2+2NaBr=2NaF+Br2F2+2NaI=2NaF+I2F2+C12（等體積）二=2ClF3F2（過量）+C12=2C1F37F2（過量）+12=2IF7Cl2+H2=2HCl3Cl2+2P=2PCl3Cl2+PCl3=PCl5Cl2+2Na=2NaCl3Cl2+2Fe=2FeCl3Cl2+2FeCl2

2、=2FeCl3Cl2+Cu=CuCl2Cl2+2NaI=2NaCl+I25Cl2+I2+6H2O=2HIO3+10HClCl2+Na2S=2NaCl+SCl2+H2S=2HCl+SCl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HClCl2+H2O2=2HCl+O22O2+3Fe=Fe3O4O2+K=KO2S+H2=H2S2S+C=CS2S+Fe=FeSS+2Cu=Cu2S3S+2Al=Al2S3S+Zn=ZnSN2+3H2=2NH3N2+3Mg=Mg3N2N2+3Ca=Ca3N2N2+3Ba=Ba3N2N2+6Na=2Na3NN2+6K=2K3NN2+6Rb=2Rb3NP2+6H2=4PH3.wor

3、d.zl.P+3Na=Na3P2P+3Zn=Zn3P22復(fù)原性S+O2=SO2S+O2=SO2S+6HNO3（濃）二二二H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O3S+4HNO3（?。?3SO2+4NO+2H2ON2+O2=2NO4P+5O2二二二P4O10（常寫成P2O5）2P+3X2=2PX3X表示F2,C12,Br2PX3+X2=PX5P4+20HNO3（濃）=4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2OC+2F2=CF4C+2Cl2=CCl42C+O2（少量）二=2COC+O2（足量）二=CO2C+CO2=2COC+H2O二二二CO+H2（生成水煤氣）2C+SiO2二二二Si+2CO（制得粗硅）Si（粗）+

4、2Cl=SiCl4（SiCl4+2H2=Si（純）+4HCl）Si+C二二二SiC（金剛砂）Si+2NaOH+H2O=Na2SiO3+2H23，堿中歧化Cl2+H2O=HCl+HClO加酸抑制歧化，加堿或光照促進(jìn)歧化Cl2+2NaOH=NaCl+NaClO+H2O2Cl2+2CaOH2=CaCl2+CaClO2+2H2O3C12+6KOH熱，濃=5KC1+KC1O3+3H2O3S+6NaOH=2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O4P+3KOH濃+3H2O二二二PH3+3KH2PO211P+15CuSO4+24H2O=5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO43C+CaO=CaC2+CO3C+SiO

5、2=SiC+2CO二，金屬單質(zhì)Na,Mg,Al,Fe的復(fù)原性2Na+H2=2NaH4Na+O2=2Na2O2Na2O+O2=2Na2O22Na+O2=Na2O22Na+S=Na2S爆炸2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H22Na+2NH3=2NaNH2+H24Na+TiC14熔融=4NaCl+Ti.word.zl.Mg+Cl2=MgCl2Mg+Br2=MgBr22Mg+O2=2MgOMg+S=MgSMg+2H2O=MgOH2+H22Mg+TiC14熔融二二二Ti+2MgC12Mg+2RbCl=MgCl2+2Rb2Mg+CO2=2MgO+C2Mg+SiO2=2MgO+SiMg+H2S=MgS+H2M

6、g+H2SO4=MgSO4+H22Al+3Cl2=2AlCl34A1+3O2=2A12O3鈍化4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O=2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg4Al+3MnO2=2Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O3=Al2O3+2Cr2Al+Fe2O3=Al2O3+2Fe2Al+3FeO=Al2O3+3Fe2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H22Al+3H2SO4=Al2(SO4)3+3H22A1+6H2SO4(濃)二二二A12(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2OA1+4HNO（?。┒嗀1（NO3）3+NO+2H2O2Al+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H22Fe+3Br2=

7、2FeBr3Fe+I2=FeI2Fe+S=FeS3Fe+4H2O（g）=Fe3O4+4H2Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2Fe+CuCl2=FeCl2+CuFe+SnCl4=FeCl2+SnCl2（鐵在酸性環(huán)境下,不能把四氯化錫完全復(fù)原為單質(zhì)錫Fe+SnCl2=FeCl2+Sn）三，非金屬氫化物（HF,HC1,H2O,H2S,NH3）1, 復(fù)原性:4HC1（濃）+MnO2二二二MnC12+C12+2H2O4HCl（g）+O2=2Cl2+2H2O16HCl+2KMnO4=2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O14HCl+K2Cr2O7=2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O2H2O+2F

8、2=4HF+O22H2S+3O2（足量）二=2SO2+2H2O2H2S+O2（少量）二=2S+2H2O2H2S+SO2=3S+2H2OH2S+H2SO4（濃）二二二S+SO2+2H2O.word.zl.3H2S+2HNO(稀)=3S+2NO+4H2O5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4=Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2OH2S+4Na2O2+2H2O=Na2SO4+6NaOH2NH3+3CuO=3Cu+N2+3H2O2NH3+3Cl2=N2+6HCl8NH3+3Cl2=N2+6NH4Cl4NH3+3O2

9、(純氧)二=2N2+6H2O4NH3+5O2=4NO+6H2O4NH3+6NO=5N2+6HO(用氨去除NO)NaH+H2O=NaOH+H24NaH+TiCl4=Ti+4NaCl+2H2CaH2+2H2O=Ca(OH)2+2H2H2S+Fe=FeS+H22NH3+2Na=2NaNH2+H2(NaNH2+H2O=NaOH+NH3)4，不穩(wěn)定性：2HF=H2+F22HCl=H2+Cl22H2O=2H2+O22H2O2=2H2O+O2H2S=H2+S2NH3=N2+3H2四，非金屬氧化物低價(jià)態(tài)的復(fù)原性：2SO2+O2=2SO32SO2+O2+2H2O=2H2SO4這是SO2在大氣中緩慢發(fā)生的環(huán)境化學(xué)

10、反響SO2+Cl2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HClSO2+Br2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HBrSO2+I2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HISO2+NO2=SO3+NO2NO+O2=2NO2NO+NO2+2NaOH=2NaNO2用于制硝酸工業(yè)中吸收尾氣中的NO和NO22CO+O2=2CO2CO+CuO=Cu+CO23CO+Fe2O3=2Fe+3CO2CO+H2O=CO2+H2氧化性：SO2+2H2S=3S+2H2OSO3+2KI=K2SO3+I2NO2+2KI+H2O=NO+I2+2KOH不能用淀粉KI溶液鑒別溴蒸氣和NO24NO2+H2S=4NO+SO3+H2O2NO2+Cu=4CuO+N2C

11、O2+2Mg=2MgO+C（CO2不能用于撲滅由Mg,Ca,Ba,Na,K等燃燒的火災(zāi)）SiO2+2H2=Si+2H2OSiO2+2Mg=2MgO+Si五,金屬氧化物1,低價(jià)態(tài)的復(fù)原性:6FeO+O2=2Fe3O4FeO+4HNO3=Fe（NO3）3+NO2+2H2O2, 氧化性:Na2O2+2Na=2Na2O此反響用于制備Na2OMgO，Al2O3幾乎沒有氧化性，很難被復(fù)原為Mg，Al.一般通過電解制Mg和Al.Fe2O3+3H2=2Fe+3H2O（制復(fù)原鐵粉）Fe3O4+4H2=3Fe+4H2O3, 與水的作用:2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2（此反響分兩步:Na2O2+2H2O=

12、2NaOH+H2O2;2H2O2=2H2O+O2.H2O2的制備可利用類似的反響:BaO2+H2SO4（?。┒﨎aSO4+H2O2）MgO+H2O=Mg（OH）2（緩慢反響）2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2六,含氧酸1,氧化性:4HClO3+3H2S=3H2SO4+4HClHClO3+HI=HIO3+HCl3HClO+HI=HIO3+3HClHClO+H2SO3=H2SO4+HClHClO+H2O2=HCl+H2O+O2（氧化性:HC1O>HC1O2>HC1O3>HC1O4,但濃,熱的HClO4氧化性很強(qiáng)）2H2SO4（濃）+C二二二CO2+2SO2+2H2O

13、2H2SO4（濃）+S=3SO2+2H2OH2SO4+Fe（Al）室溫下鈍化6H2SO4（濃）+2Fe二二二Fe2（SO4）3+3SO2+6H2O2H2SO4（濃）+Cu二二二CuSO4+SO2+2H2OH2SO4（濃）+2HBr二二二SO2+Br2+2H2OH2SO4（濃）+2HI二二二SO2+I2+2H2OH2SO4（稀）+Fe二二二FeSO4+H22H2SO3+2H2S=3S+2H2O4HNO3（濃）+C二二二CO2+4NO2+2H2O6HNO3（濃）+S二二二H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O5HNO3(濃)+P二二二H3PO4+5NO2+H2O6HNO3+Fe=Fe(NO3)3+3NO2

14、+3H2O4HNO3+Fe=Fe(NO3)3+NO+2H2O30HNO3+8Fe=8Fe(NO3)3+3N2O+15H2O36HNO3+10Fe=10Fe(NO3)3+3N2+18H2O30HNO3+8Fe=8Fe(NO3)3+3NH4NO3+9H2O2,復(fù)原性:H2SO3+X2+H2O=H2SO4+2HX(X表示Cl2,Br2,I2)2H2SO3+O2=2H2SO4H2SO3+H2O2=H2SO4+H2O5H2SO3+2KMnO4=2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2SO4+3H2OH2SO3+2FeCl3+H2O=H2SO4+2FeCl2+2HCl七，堿低價(jià)態(tài)的復(fù)原性：4FeOH2+O2+2H

15、2O=4FeOH3與酸性物質(zhì)的作用：2NaOH+SO2少量二二二Na2SO3+H2ONaOH+SO2足量二二二NaHSO32NaOH+SiO2=NaSiO3+H2O2NaOH+Al2O3=2NaAlO2+H2O2NaOH+Cl2=NaCl+NaClO+H2ONaOH+HCl=NaCl+H2ONaOH+H2S足量二二二NaHS+H2O2NaOH+H2S少量二二二Na2S+2H2O3NaOH+AlCl3=AlOH3+3NaClNaOH+AlOH3=NaAlO2+2H2OAlCl3和AlOH3哪個(gè)酸性強(qiáng)？NaOH+NH4Cl=NaCl+NH3+H2OMgOH2+2NH4Cl=MgCl2+2NH3.H2OAl(OH)3+NH4Cl不溶解八,鹽1,氧化性:2FeCl3+Fe=3FeCl22FeCl3+Cu=2FeCl2+CuCl2(用于雕刻銅線路版)2FeCl3+Zn=2FeCl2+ZnCl2FeCl3