2019-2020年高中英語Unit3FairnessforallReading

1、2019-2020年高中英語Unit3FairnessforallReadingAimsTohelpstudentsdeveloptheirreadingabilityTohelpstudentslearnaboutfairnessProceduresWarmingupbylearningabouthowtobeafairpersonHello,class.WehaveetoUnit3Fairnessforall.Butwhatisfairness?Whatdoesafairpersondo?Howdofairnessandunfairnessaffectourrelationshipswit

2、hothers?Haveyoueversaid,thatsunfair?Howdoyouknowwhensomethingisunfair?Hasanybodyevertrickedyouorcheatedyou?Howdidyoufeelaboutit?Letsdiscusshowtobeafairpersonourselves.Treatpeoplethewayyouwanttobetreated.TakeTurns.Tellthetruth.Playbytherules.Thinkabouthowyouractionswillaffectothers.Listentopeoplewith

3、anopenmind.Dontblameothersforyourmistakes.Donttakeadvantageofotherpeople.Dontplayfavorites.WarmingupbylearningaboutthesixpillarsofcharacterGoodmorning,class!Doyouknowthewords“character”?Howisyourcharacterformed?Yourcharacterisdefinedbywhatyoudo,notwhatyousayorbelieve.Therearesixpillarsorsupportingst

4、onesofourcharacter.Andtheyare:TrustworthinessRespectResponsibilityFairnessCaringCitizenshipWarmingupbylearningaboutsomeofthegreatmenMartinLutherKingisknownthroughouttheworldasafamouscivilrightsactivist.Hedidnotbelieveitwasfairthatblacksdidnothavethesamerightsaswhites.Herearesomeexamplesofwaysblacksw

5、eretreatedunfairlyinMLKstime.SeparatedrinkingfountainsColoredbalconiesinmovietheatersMandatoryseatsinthebackofbusesSoldierswereneededtohelpyoungAfricanAmericansattendschoolsafely.I. Pre-reading-AmericanCivilRightsMovement(1896-1954)ThecivilrightsmovementintheUnitedStateshasbeenalong,primarilynonviol

6、entstruggletobringfullcivilrightsandequalityunderthelawtoallAmericans.ThemovementhashadalastingimpactonUnitedStatessociety,bothinitstactics,theincreasedsocialandlegalacceptanceofcivilrightsitbroughtaboutanditsexposureoftheprevalenceandcostofracism.Ithasbeenmadeupofmanymovements,thoughitmostoftenrefe

7、rstothestrugglesbetween1945and1970toenddiscriminationagainstAfrican-Americansandtoendracialsegregation,especiallyintheU.S.South.Thisarticlefocusesonanearlierphaseofthatparticularstruggle,usingtwoUnitedStatesSupremeCourtdecisionsPlessyv.Ferguson,163U.S.537(1896),whichenshrinedseparatebutequalracialse

8、gregationasconstitutionaldoctrine,andBrownv.BoardofEducation,347U.S.483(1954)whichoverturnedPlessyasmilestones.Thisisaneraofstopsandstarts,inwhichsomemovements,suchasMarcusGarveysUniversalNegroImprovementAssociation,achievedgreatsuccessbutleftlittlelastinglegacy,whileothers,suchastheNAACPslegalassau

9、ltonstate-sponsoredsegregation,achievedonlymodestresultsinitsearlyyearsbutgraduallybuilttoakeyvictoryinBrownv.BoardofEducation.AftertheCivilWartheUnitedStatesofferedcivilrightsandlawsprivledgestoAfro-Americans.TheGovernmentoftheUnitedStatespassedanamendmentendingslaveryin1865,itwastheThirteenAmendme

10、ntoftheUnitedStatesConstitution.Thisamendmentonlyoutlawedslavery,itdidnotprovidecitizenshipandequalrights.ThegovernmentoftheUnitedStatespassedanotheramendmentgivingAfro-AmericansresidingintheUnitedStatescitizenship.In1868,theFourteenAmendmentoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionwaspassed,offeringAfro-Americ

11、anscitizenship.BlacksbornintheUnitedStateshadequalprotectionunderthelawsoftheConstitution.andthe15thAmendment(1870),whichprovidedtherighttovotetoallcitizens,regardlessofrace.DuringReconstruction(1865-1877),NortherntroopsoccupiedtheSouthandenforcedthesenewconstitutionalamendments.Manyblackstookpromin

12、entpositionsinsociety,includingelectedoffice.Reconstructionendedfollowingthepromiseof1877betweenNorthernwhiteelitesandSouthernwhiteelites.ThepromisecalledforthewithdrawalofNortherntroopsfromtheSouth,givingSouthernwhitesafreehandtoreinstitutediscriminatorypractices,inexchangefordecidingthecontentious

13、PresidentialelectioninfavorofRutherfordB.Hayes,supportedbyNorthernstates,overhisopponent,SamuelJ.Tilden.TheRadicalRepublicanswhospearheadedReconstructionhadattemptedtoeliminatebothgovernmentalandprivatediscriminationbylegislation.ThateffortwaslargelyendedbytheSupremeCourtsdecisionintheCivilRightsCas

14、es,109U.S.3(1883),inwhichitheldthattheFourteenthAmendmentdidnotgiveCongresspowertooutlawracialdiscriminationbyprivateindividualsorbusinesses.II. ReadingOnpage22thereisanarticleentitled“THESTARTOFTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENT”Youaregoingtoreadittotherecording.Nowreadthetextagainto:cut/thesentenceintothought

15、groups,blackenthepredicative,darkentheconnectivesandunderlinealltheusefulexpressions.THESTARTOFTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENTSunday,December4th,1955Today/wewenttochurch/whereourminister,MartinLutherKing,Jr,announcedthat/aboycottofthebuses/andtrolleybuseswillbegintomorrow.Ivealwayshatedhavingtosit/intheworst

16、seats/onthebus/so/Imhappytosupportit.DrKingencouragesus/tofightagainstthisunfairsystem/whichprohibitsus/blacks/fromsitting/wherewelike.Itisregardedasanoffence/ifwesit/atthefrontofabus/and/ifwebreakthislaw,wereceiveaheavypunishment.But/onThursday.Imgladtosay,thisunjustseparationofpeople/onthebasisofs

17、kincolor/waschallenged.Ablacklady,RosaParks,gotonboardacitybus/andsatinthefifthrow/withthreeotherblacks.Gradually/theseats/forwhites/filleduntilonewhitemanremainedstanding.Bylaw/hecouldnotsitwithRosa/andbytradition/blackswereexpectedtomove.Allfour/wereaskedtostand.Theotherthree/submitted/butRosawasu

18、nwillingtodoso/andsherefused.Shewasarrested.Howbrave/shewas!Imnotsure/ifIwouldhavehadenoughcourage/torefuse/likethat.King/andtheotherblackleaders/inMontgomery/haveseizedonthisincident/anddecidedonacollisioncourse/tochangethelaw.Theyrehopefulthat/theycannegotiateafairersituation/ifalltheblacks/suppor

19、tthem.ButIdoworryaboutwhatwillhappentomorrow.Willitbechaos?December5th,1955Thismorning/Iyawned/asIwoke/evenearlier/thanusual,butmysister,Serenawasalreadyup.Sheurgedme/todressquickly/andtowearmymostfortablesandals.Immediately/Ijumpedoutofbed.Iliketobepunctual/forwork/andnoboycottisgoingtomakemelate.B

20、ycoincidence/abusarrived/aswereachedtheemptybusstop,butweignoredit.Normally/wewouldhavebeenonlytoohappy,asitwouldhaveguaranteedusaseat/forthewholejourney.But/nottoday!Taxispassed/allfullofpassengers/aswepedestriansmarchedonthepavement.Those/inthecars/waved/and/wesalutedthemback.Thewhites,ontheotherh

21、and,shoutedabuseatus.Wefelttheirhostility/butitonlymadeusfirmer/inourresolve.Luckily/whenIfelt/Icouldwalknofurther,ablacktaxidriver/offeredusalift.Itseemedlikeananswer/toaprayer!Nochaos/afterall/andIevenarrivedatwork/ontime!Theboycottcontinuedverysuccessfully/forayear.MaryannJonesbecameaccustomedtot

22、ravellingtowork/withoutthebus.Meanwhile/thehostilityofthewhites/grew.January25th,1956Whatexcitement!Serenacamehome/tosaythat/thenews/thattheboycottwasover/wasgoingtobealloverthenewspapers/tomorrow.Iwaseagertoknowtheresult.“Itsnottrue,sheshoutedatme.“Itsjustastory/madeupbythewhites/tostopourcampaign.

23、Wevebeentoosuccessful/forthem.MartinLutherKing,Jrcame/andtoldme/himself/thatitwasjustatrick.Wemustcontinue/tillwewin.Iveneverseenher/asangryasthat,soIkeptquiet.Maybe/whitebusinessesaresufferingnow/sincewedontshopdowntown/anymore.Butitmustmean/werewinning.Iwontmindmytiredfeet/tomorrow.Iwonderwhether/

24、theylltryothertricks?Theydid.ThehousesofMartinLutherKing,Jr/andtheotherleaders/werebombed.But/thisdidnotstoptheboycott.EncouragedbyaSupremeCourtdecision/thatpubliceducation/mustbemixednationwide,theleaderswenttocourt/toargueagainstseparation/onbuses.ItwasnotuntilNovember13,1956/thattheUSSupremeCourt

25、/declaredseparation/onbuses/wasnotconstitutional.November13也1956Todayisaredletterday!Incourt/wewonafundamentalvictory/inthebattle/forourcivilrights.Ifblack/andwhitestudents/mustnowbeeducatedtogether,whyshouldpeoplebeseated/inbuses/accordingtothecoloroftheirskin?TheSupremeCourtagreed/itwaswrong,so/fr

26、omnowon/wellbeabletosit/wherewelike/onbuses.Myhappinessisplete!Wemayonlyhavestruckonesmallblow/forliberty/but/whoknows/whereitlllead?MaryannJoneswasright.Thesuccess/oftheMontgomerybusboycott/begantheCivilRightsMovement/thatledtotheimprovement/ofconditions/forblackpeople/ineducation,housing,jobs,voti

27、ng/andhotels/throughouttheUSA.III. Copyingexpressionsandmakingsentencesgotochurch,hatedoingsth.,onthebus,encouragesb.todosth.,fightagainst.,prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.,beregardedassth.,atthefrontofsth.,breakthelaw,receiveaheavypunishment,begladtodosth,separationofpeople,onthebasisof.skincolor,getonboar

28、dabus,filltheseat,bylaw,bytradition,beexpectedtodosth.,beaskedtodosth.,beunwillingtodosth.,haveenoughcouragetodosth.,decideonsth.,acollisioncourse,changethelaw,negotiateafairersituation,earlierthanusual,beup,urgesb.todosth.,jumpoutofbed,bepunctualforwork,makeonelate,bycoincidence,anemptybusstop,guar

29、anteesb.sth.,marchonthepavement,ontheotherhand,shouteabuseatsb.,befirminonesresolve,offeresb.alift,arriveatworkontime,beeaccustomedtosth.,bealloverthenewspapers,beeagertodosth.,knowtheresult,shoutatsb.,makeupastory,keepquiet,tryanothertrick,publiceducation,gotocourt,theUSSupremeCourt,aredletterday,i

30、ncourt,winafundamentalvictory,inabattleforsth.,civilrights,accordingto.,fromnowon,strikeasmallblow,thesuccessofsth.,theCivilRightsMovement,leadtosth.,theimprovementofconditionsforsb.IV.TransferringinformationTHESTARTOFTHECIVILRIGHTSMOVEMENTSunday,December4th,1955WhatdidMartinLutherKing,Jr,announceon

31、eday?MartinLutherKing,Jr,announcedthataboycottofthebusesandtrolleybuseswillbegintomorrow.December5th,1955WhatdidIfeelinthewhites?Wefelttheirhostilitybutitonlymadeusfirmerinourresolve.January25th,1956WhatdidMartinLutherKing,Jr,etotellus?MartinLutherKing,Jrcameandtoldmehimselfthatitwasjustatrick.Wemus

32、tcontinuetillwewin.”November13th,1956Whatdidwinincourt?Incourtwewonafundamentalvictoryinthebattleforourcivilrights.V.Closingdownbygettingtoknow-whatisfairness?Oneofthemajorcausesofconflictisthattwopeoplethinkthingsarenotfair.Byfair,wecanalsoincludetheideasofjust,equal,good,ethicalormoral,andthemecha

33、nismsofhowweachievethisstate.Iamremindedofthefollowingproblem.Youhavetwochildren,andadeliciousicecreamcakesitsbeforethem.Thetaskis,howtodivideit,sothatthereisntafightoverwhogetsthelargerhalf.AmostremarkablesolutionesfromGameTheory.Theoptimumstrategy:letonechildcutthecake,whiletheotherchooseswhichpie

34、cetotake!Thus,inordernottogetcheated,thecutterismotivatedtodividethecakeintotwohalvesthatareasnearlyequalaspossible.Greedinsuresfairdivision.Eachchildanticipateswhattheotherwilldo,(thecutteranticipatesthechooserwilltakethelargerpiece)andthisiswhatmakesitsuchaninterestinggame.Thechildrendonothavetoev

35、enthinkaboutgenerosityorwhatisfair,justself-interest,andtheouteisfair!Andifthechildrencannotdecidewhoisgoingtocut,wellthen,itwilljustmeltaway!AdditionalMaterialsAdditionalreadingFairnessforAllByScottBaanrudTomyfellowman,IamawhiteAmericanlivinginMinnesota.Iam29yearsoldandfeelthepainoftheMuslimplighto

36、fthepastdecades.IamahumblemanwhowillbethefirsttotellyouthatIdonothaveapleteunderstandingofthehistoryoftheMuslimpeople.Idohaveadesiretounderstandmorefully.Thatiswhatbroughtmetoyoursite.Ibelieveinhumanityandfairnessforallofman.Idonotbelongtoaparticularfaithorsubscribetoaparticularpoliticalparty.Iguess

37、whatIamsayingisthatItrytobeateachertothepeopleIknoworhaveconversationswith.Itisuptousaspeopletofosteranunderstandingofhowthishateanddistrusthasbeenbuildingformany,manyyears.Themainstreammediainmycountryhasdeliveredabiginjusticetoallwhodesiretoknowthetruthoftheworldandourforeignpolicies.WeasAmericans

38、havetheabilitytoputinpowerajustgovernmentthatwilldealwiththerestoftheworldinatrulyfairandhonorablefashion.Iwillcontinuetoteach.ItisourdutyasAmericancitizenstobefullyawareofhowourgovernmentdealswiththerestoftheworld.IhaveweptforthelossofinnocentlivesinNewYork.ButIhavebeenweepingforthelossofinnocentli

39、vesintheMiddleEastforoveradecade.Maypeacebewithyou.ScottBaanrudOneWorldOnePeacepletethesummaryofthetextwithonewordineachblank.TheMontgomeryBusBoycottofficiallystartedonDecember1,1955._1wastheday2_theblacksofMontgomery,Alabama,decided_3theywouldboycottthecitybuses_4theycouldsit_5theywanted,insteadofb

40、eingrelegatedtotheback_6awhiteboarded.Itwasnot,however,theday7_themovementtodesegregatethebusesstarted.Perhapsthemovementstartedonthedayin1943_8ablackseamstressnamedRosaParkspaidherbusfare_9thenwatchedthebusdriveoffasshetriedtore-enterthroughthereardoor,_10thedriverhadtoldhertodo.Perhapsthemovements

41、tartedonthedayin1949_11ablackprofessorJoAnnRobinsonabsentmindedlysatatthefrontofanearlyemptybus,thenranoffintears12_thebusdriverscreamedatherfordoingso.Perhapsthemovementstartedonthedayintheearly1950s_13ablackpastornamedVernonJohnstriedtogetotherblackstoleaveabusinprotest_14hewasforcedtogiveuphissea

42、ttoawhiteman,onlytohavethemtellhim,Yououghttoknowedbetter.(key:1.That2.when3.that4.until5.anywhere6.when7.that8.when9.and10.as11.when12.when13.when14.after)Notestothespecialsentences1. Ivealwahatedhavingtositintheworstseatsonthebus.我一直討厭坐在公交車最糟糕的座位上。havingtositintheworstseatsonthebus是動(dòng)名詞作賓語。有些動(dòng)詞須用動(dòng)名

43、詞來做賓語,它們是begin,mind,suggest,finish,stop,need,enjoy,miss,keep.比如：Pleasestopsmokinginthehouse.請不要在家里抽煙。Ilikereadingintheforest.我喜歡在樹林里讀書。Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?你介意我打開窗戶嗎？Sheisfoundofcollectingstamp.她喜歡集郵。2. BylawhecouldnotsitwithRosaandbytraditionblackswereexpectedtomove依法，他不能和羅仕坐在一起，依傳統(tǒng)，黑人得起身離去

44、。句中bylaw和bytradition是表示“方法”的介詞短語。由by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語還有：byaccident，byallmeans方法，byparison,byfar,bymeansof,bymistake，bynomeans，byreasonof,bytheway,byvirtueof:由于，bywayof3. Theyrehopefulthattheycannegotiateafairersituationifalltheblackssupportthem.他們希望他們可以協(xié)商獲得一個(gè)更好的形勢，如果所有黑人都支持他們。句中that引導(dǎo)的是形容詞的賓語從句。它例：Iamafraid(t

45、hat)Ivemadeamistake.That引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：Anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以將此類詞后的that從句的看作原因狀語從句。4. Normallywewouldhavebeenonlytoohappy,asitwouldhaveguaranteedusaseatforthe

46、wholejourney.正常情況下我們會(huì)很高興的，因?yàn)槲覀冇斜Ｕ狭苏麄€(gè)旅途有座位了。本句是主從復(fù)合句，主句和從句謂語動(dòng)詞都是與過去事實(shí)相對應(yīng)的虛擬語氣。5. MaryannJonesbecameaccustomedtotravelingtoworkwithoutthebus.瑪麗安鐘斯習(xí)慣上班不坐公共汽車了。beaccustomedto和beusedto都表示“習(xí)慣于。這個(gè)“to是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，比如：Iamnotaccustomedtogettingupearly.我不習(xí)慣早起。Grandfatherwasaccustomedtotakeawalkafterdinner.爺爺習(xí)慣在

47、晚餐后散步。Iamusedtogettingupearlyandgoingtobedearly.Heisusedtobeingpraisedbyothers.6. Pveneverseenhenngryasthat,soIkeptquiet.我從未見過她生氣生的如此厲害，因此我保持安靜。句中asangryasthat作賓語補(bǔ)語，quiet作半系動(dòng)詞的表語。半系動(dòng)詞后可用名詞、不定式、分詞和形容詞等作表語，這類詞有：表感觀的系動(dòng)詞：look,sound,taste,smell,feel（這些詞用形容詞作表語），seem,appear表變化的系動(dòng)詞：bee,get,turn,grow,make,e

48、,go,fall,run表依舊的系動(dòng)詞：remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold可帶名詞作表語的系動(dòng)詞：be,bee,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn（該詞后接的單數(shù)名詞前多不用冠詞。如：Heturnedteacher.）（91高考）Theseorangestaste.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell7. Todayisaredletterday!今天是一個(gè)好日子!Doyouknowtheoriginandmeaningofthetermred-letterday?Th

49、etermisfrequentlyusedbytelevisionnewsreadersinreferencetoaparticularlyfavorableoccurrence.Red-lettermeanssimplymemorableorimportant,esp.inahappyorfavorableway.Theexpressionesfromthelong-establishedpracticeofusingredinktoindicateholydaysinecclesiasticalcalendars.Ared-letterday-literallyadaywritteninr

50、edletters-wasaholyday,orchurchfestival,andthuscametomeananymemorableorhappyday.Redlettermeaningaredletterthatindicatesaholydayonacalendardatesatleasttothefifteenthcentury;theexpressionred-letterdayisfirstfoundintheearly1700s.8.Wemayonlyhavestruckonesmallblowforlibertybutwhoknowswhereitlead?我們只是為自由進(jìn)行

51、了一次小小的打擊，但誰又知道它將把我們引向何方？由strike構(gòu)成的短語還有：strikeablowagainst/atsomething/someone，strikeablowforsomething/someone,意思是：todosomethingtosupportanideaortochangeasituationtosomethingwhichyoubelieveisgood.例如：Thecourtsdecisionstrikesablowagainstminorityrights.Heclaimstobestrikingablowforgenderequalitybyemployi

52、nganequalnumberofmenandwomen.ThislatestagreementwillstrikeablowforfreetradewithintheEU.相關(guān)高考鏈接英語語法：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)本單元全面復(fù)習(xí)英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。漢語的時(shí)態(tài)大多是通過副詞來表達(dá)的，而英語的時(shí)態(tài)是靠動(dòng)詞的變化和時(shí)間狀語來表達(dá)的。英語中的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種，但是?？嫉幕蜉^常用的只有9種，而且重點(diǎn)測試完成時(shí)態(tài)。要掌握英語的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，必須掌握好英語中的助動(dòng)詞(do,be,have)和時(shí)間狀語這兩個(gè)核心問題。1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often,alwa

53、ys,fromtimetotime等時(shí)間狀語；表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。Heusuallygoestoworkat7oclockeverymorning.ShehasabrotherwholivesinNewYork.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.GuangzhouissituatedinthesouthofChina.考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時(shí)間：

54、when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday;條件：if,unless,provided.Ifheacceptsthejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.考點(diǎn)三：在makesure（certain）,seetoit,mind,care,matter+賓語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。Solongasheworkshard,Idontmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時(shí)候做完試驗(yàn)?？键c(diǎn)四：在themore.themore.遨越）

55、句型中，若主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultsyouwillget.2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表說話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)：或表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語氣。與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。WearehavingEnglishclass.Thehouseisbeingbuiltthesedays.Thelittleboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Look

56、outwhenyouarecrossingthestreet.Dontwakehimupifheisstillsleepingat7tomorrowmorning.考點(diǎn)二：表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語）。MarryisleavingonFriday.3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語：考點(diǎn)一：for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.Ihavel

57、earnedEnglishfortenyears.考點(diǎn)二：常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語：lately;recently,just,already,yet,uptonow;tillnow;sofar,thesedays,Hasitstoppedrainingyet?考點(diǎn)三：在表示最近幾世紀(jì)/年/月以來”時(shí)間狀語中，謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days；overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthist

58、ory等考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在“Itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名詞+that”后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.Thatistheonlybookthathehaswritten.4. 一般過去時(shí)表在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時(shí)間連用，如:yesterday;lastweek;in1945,atthattime;once;duringthewar;before;afewdaysago;when,注意：考點(diǎn)一：usedto+do,表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。to