新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記-第58課

1、新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)筆記-第58課Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise 【Text】The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in re

2、cent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has re

3、fused. He has pointed out that the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting thei

4、r names on the tree-trunk. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!【課文翻譯】據(jù)說(shuō)弗林利這個(gè)小村里有一棵“該詛咒的樹”。就因?yàn)閳?bào)上提到過(guò)這棵樹，所以現(xiàn)在來(lái)弗林利參觀的人越來(lái)越多。該樹是50年前栽在教堂附近的，但只是近幾年才得到了一個(gè)壞名聲。據(jù)說(shuō)，誰(shuí)要是觸摸了這棵樹，誰(shuí)就會(huì)交上惡運(yùn)；如果誰(shuí)摘了一片樹葉，誰(shuí)就會(huì)死去。很多村民相信此樹已經(jīng)害了不少人。人們?cè)?qǐng)求教區(qū)的牧師叫人把樹砍掉，但他直到現(xiàn)在也沒有同意。他指出，由于人們從全國(guó)各地紛紛前來(lái)參觀這棵樹，它成了一個(gè)有用的財(cái)源。盡管有上述種種說(shuō)法

5、，但游客們還是照常摘樹葉和把他們的名字刻在樹干上。然而到目前為止，還沒有一個(gè)人暴死呢！【New words and expressions】bleessingn福分，福氣disguisen偽裝tinyadj極小的possessv擁有cursedadj可恨的increasev增加plantv種植churchn教堂eviladj壞的reputation名聲claimv以為其后果victimn受害者，犧牲品vicarn教區(qū)牧師sourcen來(lái)源incomen收入trunkn樹干 一 單詞講解： Blessing (single) 神恩，福氣，福分，神的保佑；禱告ask for Gods blessi

6、ng 求神保佑say a blessing 做禱告a blessing in disguise 初看似乎不幸，過(guò)后看來(lái)卻是幸運(yùn)的事；禍中福。塞翁失馬焉知非福count ones blessing 知足(數(shù)自己的福分）bless v 求神賜福于某人或某事；賜予某人健康，幸福及成功eg egBless those who are hungry, lonely or sick.求神賜福于那些饑餓，孤獨(dú)或患病的人。Mrs. White is blessed with 12 children. 太太有12個(gè)孩子，真有福氣。egGod bless you! 上帝保佑你！（用作感嘆詞，表示謝意或情義，或當(dāng)人

7、打噴嚏的時(shí)候人打噴嚏時(shí)說(shuō)）egYouve bought me a present Bless you! 你給我買了個(gè)禮物是嗎？太感謝你了。 Disguise n 偽裝wear a beard as a disguise 帶個(gè)絡(luò)腮胡子來(lái)偽裝eg He was in disguise , so I couldnt recognize him. 他喬裝打扮過(guò)了，所以我沒能辨認(rèn)出來(lái)。eg She made no disguise of her contempt. 她毫不掩飾的表示輕蔑之意。v 偽裝，假扮eg I couldnt disguise my anger. 我無(wú)法掩飾自己的憤怒。eg He d

8、isuised himself as a woman for fun. 他男扮女裝只為了好玩。disguise ones voice 改變說(shuō)話的強(qiáng)調(diào)，發(fā)假聲音 Tiny adj 極小的 tinytinertinestSmall adj 小的little adj 小的（含有可愛之意）mini-(構(gòu)成復(fù)合詞)minibus n 小公共汽車miniskirt n 超短裙minicab n 小的出租車puny adj (貶義)弱小的，瘦小的，發(fā)育不全的，未充分發(fā)揮的eg A tiny little girl was singing very well in TV.一個(gè)纖小的女孩在電視上唱的很好。 po

9、ssess v 擁有eg They possess three cars. 他們有三輛小汽車。possess patience 有耐性possess courage 有勇氣be possess with sth/be possess by sth (尤指人的思想） 被控制，支配She suddenly possessed with fear. 她突然被恐懼的情緒所控制。eg She was suddenly possessed by fear. 她突然感到非常的害怕。possession n u(ownership) 領(lǐng)有，持有，具有eg Ive had possession of this

10、house for 7 years. 我擁有這座房子已經(jīng)7年了。c 財(cái)產(chǎn)eg He lost all his possessions in the fire. 他在大火中喪失所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)。be in possession of sth 擁有某物eg He is in lawful possession of a shotgun. 他合法地?fù)碛幸恢ЙC槍。13possessor n 擁有者（owner）possessed adj (被強(qiáng)烈的感情，惡魔等)纏附的，瘋狂的eg He studied like one possessed. 他拼命的用功。eg He fought like a man po

11、ssessed. 他進(jìn)行了殊死的戰(zhàn)斗。eg Possession is nine points of the law. 現(xiàn)實(shí)占有，敗一勝九（占有或控制某物者打起官司來(lái)總占上風(fēng)）  cursed adj 可恨的，討厭的（常做定語(yǔ)）相當(dāng)于 hateful, unpleasanta cursed person 一個(gè)可恨的人curse n 咒罵的話，咒語(yǔ)be under a curse 被咒罵的eg The witch laid a curse upon the princess. 那個(gè)巫婆詛咒這個(gè)公主。The witch laid the princess under a curse.v

12、詛咒eg He cursed (at) his bad luck . 他詛咒他的壞運(yùn)氣。eg I cursed her for spoiling my plans. 因?yàn)樗茐奈业挠?jì)劃所以我詛咒她。 Increase V 增加Increase ones speed 加速eg The population has increased greatly. 人口急劇的增長(zhǎng)。increased profits 增大的利潤(rùn)increase 'inkri:s n 增加的量a wage increase 工資增加額eg an increase of nearly 50% over last year

13、比去年差不多了50%。a 50% increase50%的增長(zhǎng)add to增加，增加到raisevt提高，增加growv增加，成長(zhǎng)enlargedeclinedecreasevv v變大，擴(kuò)大，增大(數(shù)量，力量，權(quán)利等)削減變少，變小reducev減少 Plant n. 樹木，植物1 n 植物，樹木wilde plant野生植物garden plant花園里的植物plants and animals動(dòng)植物2. n 工廠，生產(chǎn)a chemical plant化工廠a power plant電廠3 v 種植，栽種eg We are going to plant trees around the h

14、ouse. 我們打算在房子周圍種滿樹。eg Farmers should know the time to plant. 農(nóng)民應(yīng)該知道種植的時(shí)間。4 v 布置，安頓，固定eg Policemen were planted along the route of the parade. 警察被部署在游行的路線上。planter n 種植者或花盆 Church n 教堂， 禮拜，禮拜儀式，去教堂 （church之前不加the）Churchgoer n 按時(shí)去教堂做禮拜的人 Attend church 去做禮拜 At church / in church 在做禮拜eg Church begins at

15、 9 oclock. 禮拜在9:00開始。eg They are at church. 他們?cè)谧龆Y拜。as poor as a church mouse. 像教堂的老鼠一樣窮，一文不名在church之前不加定冠詞the,類似的短語(yǔ)有：go to school 去上學(xué)go to university /go to collage 去上大學(xué)be out of hospital 出院be sent to prison 入獄be at work 在上班，在工作著 Evil 1. adj 道德敗壞的， 邪惡的an evil reputation 一個(gè)惡名聲2 adj 令人不快的，壞的，有害的an evi

16、l smell 難聞的氣味an evil temper 壞脾氣evil weather 惡劣的天氣give sb the evil eye 惡毒的目光an evil tongue 說(shuō)人壞話的惡習(xí) reputation1 c 名聲 eg He has a good reputation as a doctor. 他是一個(gè)名聲很好的醫(yī)生。eg He has a bad reputation as a doctor. 他是一個(gè)名聲很差的醫(yī)生。eg She has a reputation for generosity. 她以慷慨大方而出名。have a reputation for laziness

17、 以懶惰出名eg He has the reputation of being spiteful. 他的壞心眼是出了名的。2 信譽(yù)establish a reputation/build up a reputation/make a reputation 樹立聲譽(yù)eg He is eager to win a reputation. 他渴望獲得聲譽(yù)。eg If the fact is published , it will ruin your reputation.要是事實(shí)被公開的話，會(huì)毀了你的名聲的。live up to ones reputation 不負(fù)盛名，行為與聲望相符 claim1

18、 v要求，索要（應(yīng)得的權(quán)利或財(cái)物）索賠claim the insurance索取保險(xiǎn)金claim the reward要求獎(jiǎng)賞2 事故，災(zāi)難造成的人員傷亡現(xiàn)象eg The earthquake claimed thousands of victims.地震造成成千上萬(wàn)的人死亡3 v 聲稱，聲言，斷言claim to do (某人)聲稱曾經(jīng).eg He claimed to have seen the Mona Lisa. 他宣稱他曾經(jīng)看過(guò)蒙娜麗莎(那幅畫)。claim that(賓語(yǔ)從句）eg The lawyer claimed that the defendant was not guil

19、ty. 那個(gè)律師聲稱被告是無(wú)罪的。4 n 索賠5 n 權(quán)利，資格eg They have no claim to this property. 他們沒有資格取得這些財(cái)產(chǎn)。 victim 1 n 犧牲者，受害者 （同義詞：sufferer)the victims of a plane crash 空難事件的受害者the victims of a swindler 受騙者eg Those children aer the sad victims of their parents divorce. 那些孩子是父母親離婚的受害者。2 n (祭神的)祭品，犧牲品fall (a) victim to 成為

20、的犧牲品eg A man like you easily falls victim to the greed of others. 像你這樣的人很容易成為別人貪婪的犧牲品。 vicar教區(qū)牧師vicar minister(英國(guó)國(guó)教的)教區(qū)牧師 基督教的牧師priest基督教會(huì)的神職人員，牧師，神父rector curate(英國(guó)國(guó)教的)牧區(qū)長(zhǎng)；(天主教的)教區(qū)首席神甫(英國(guó)國(guó)教會(huì)的)助理牧師black coat牧師 source1 n 河流的發(fā)源地 (starting point of a river）the source of the Nile 尼羅河的發(fā)源地eg This stream h

21、as its source in Qinghai.這條河起源于青海。2 n 來(lái)源，出處a limited source of income 有限的收入來(lái)源news from a reliable source 來(lái)源可靠的消息eg Idleness is the source of all evil. (諺) 懶惰是萬(wàn)惡之源。eg Idleness is the root of all evil. (諺) 懶惰是萬(wàn)惡之源。the source of the trouble 紛爭(zhēng)的原因3 n 消息來(lái)源，出處，可靠的根據(jù)historical source 史料eg I got the news fr

22、om a reliable source. 我的消息非?？煽?。a source book 原始資料 income收入（最通用的詞） eg whats your income 你的工資怎么樣？eg I have an income of 200 dollars a week. 我每周的收入是200美元。earned income 工作所得unearned income 非工作所得eg My income isnt enough to support my family.我的收入不夠養(yǎng)家糊口。wage n 周薪salary n 月薪bonus n 獎(jiǎng)金，紅包 trunk 1 n 樹干eg The

23、trunk of that fir is about 2 meters thick. 那顆冷杉的樹干有2米那么粗。2 n 軀干eg He had a powerful trunk. 他身材偉岸。3 n 衣箱eg She packed her trunk. 他把衣箱填滿了。4 n 干線，主流the trunk of the Nile尼羅河的主流trunk call (英）長(zhǎng)途電話 （long distance call）二 Key structures：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1 有些動(dòng)詞置于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，可采用兩種形式。這兩種形式在含以上沒有差別，但由于不定式結(jié)構(gòu)更為簡(jiǎn)單，所以經(jīng)常用不定式。1） to-不定式即

24、： be done to2） that從句即： it is said thateg People say that he is a genius. 人們說(shuō)他是天才。eg He is said to be a genius. 他被說(shuō)是個(gè)天才。eg It is said that he is a genius. 據(jù)說(shuō)他是一個(gè)天才。2 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中任何一個(gè)都可做被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，但間接做主語(yǔ)(指人的賓語(yǔ))較為常見eg The manager offered the vacant post to him . 經(jīng)理把空缺職位給了他。這句話有2個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是空缺職位，另一個(gè)是他。eg

25、He was offered the vacant post. 他被給了那個(gè)空缺的職位。間接賓語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)eg The vacant post was offered to him. 空缺職位被給了他。直接賓語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)。Exercise: 把句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1 She gave me a pen.I was given a pen.The pen was given to me .2 People say that there is oil under the North Sea. 人們說(shuō)在北海下面有石油。 There be 句型There is said to be oil under the N

26、orth Sea.據(jù)說(shuō)北海下面有石油。把there be 句型改為there is saidIt is said that there is oil under the North Sea.據(jù)說(shuō)北海下面有石油。3 They are sending him abroad. 他們正在送他出國(guó)。He is being sent abroad.他正在被他們送出國(guó)。Be being done是正在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。4 He asked me to wait for him.他讓我等他。me是賓語(yǔ)， 后面動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這樣的句型該為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)提前，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)要保留下來(lái)。 I was ask

27、ed to wait for him. 我被要求等他。was/were done是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)5 The police has found your wallet. 警察已經(jīng)找到你的錢包了?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Your wallet has been found (by the police).你的錢包被警察找打了。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)has/have been done三 課文講解1. The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a' cursed tree'.is said to possess是個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)it is

28、 said后面出現(xiàn)不定式 to possess.這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以換成that從句表達(dá)：It is said that the tiny village of Frinley possesses a 'cursed tree'. 據(jù)說(shuō)Frinley這個(gè)小村莊有一顆受了詛咒的樹.2. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.mentionv對(duì)說(shuō)，提到，提及mention to sb對(duì)某人說(shuō)eg He mentioned to me

29、 that he was going to sell his car. 他對(duì)我說(shuō)他打算把車賣了。eg He mentioned to event,but didnt go into details. 他提到過(guò)這件事情，但沒有細(xì)說(shuō)。increase vt vi (在規(guī)模，數(shù)量和程度上)增加，增長(zhǎng)grow vi (動(dòng)植物)成長(zhǎng)，生長(zhǎng)，在表示數(shù)量上增加時(shí)，可以代替increaseeg The number of visitors has now increased. 游客的人數(shù)增長(zhǎng)了The number of visitors has now grown.eg She has grown so mu

30、ch, she is nearly as tall as I am. 她長(zhǎng)了這么多了，差不多和我一樣高了。the number of+(pl.)n 的數(shù)量，當(dāng)這個(gè)短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式eg The number of people who own color TVs is increasing every year.擁有彩電的人的數(shù)量逐年在增加。 主語(yǔ)是the number of people,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is increasing,留意是單數(shù)形式。a number of +pl.(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))，表示許許多多eg A number of books have been stolen

31、 from the library. The number of stolen books is large. 圖書館里很多書被盜了，被盜書的數(shù)量很大。注意2個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是a number of books 許多書時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)have been stolen；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是the number of stolen books 被盜圖書的數(shù)量時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式is.3. The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an

32、evil reputation.it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. it is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that從句/who從句， 這是一種強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。中間是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，可以是主語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)等成分。eg It is yesteday that I saw you.是昨天我看到你的。Yesterday 是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)我強(qiáng)調(diào)昨天的時(shí)候，把yesterday放在it isthat中間起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。eg It is Henry that was fined a large sum of money. 是Hen

33、ry被罰了一大筆錢。Henry是主語(yǔ)，對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，把主語(yǔ)放在it isthat 中間。eg It is cathy that I like best.我最喜歡的就是在句中做賓語(yǔ)成分，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，把賓語(yǔ)放在it isthat中間eg It is in a small city that I spent my childhood.在一個(gè)小城市里我度過(guò)童年的。In a small city 是個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)也放在it isthat的中間。eg It is Lesson 59 that we will begin with. 我們將從59課開始。Lesson 59 做with的介詞賓

34、語(yǔ)也放在it isthat 中間起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)人的時(shí)候的句式是： it iswhogaingain timev獲得，得到（不能用于錢）（get, obtain)獲得時(shí)間gain knowledge獲得知識(shí)gain favour獲得寵愛4. It is siad that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die.it is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)it is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道it is believed that 據(jù)相信 it is eastimat

35、ed that 據(jù)估計(jì)it is found that 據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)it is well-known that 眾所周知含有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)eg It is reported that President Bush is visiting Canada these days. 據(jù)報(bào)道 Bush 總統(tǒng)近期正在訪問(wèn)加拿大。eg It is estimated that there will be half of the students tomorrow. 據(jù)估計(jì)明天只有一半的學(xué)生了。eg It is said that he was put into prison. 據(jù)說(shuō)他被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄了。eg it is we

36、ll-known that he is innocent.眾所周知他是清白的。pick v 采摘eg She has picked a lot of flowers.她摘了許多花。cut v 砍，切，割eg She cut the apple into two. 她把蘋果切成2半了。die v 死die for 為戰(zhàn)死die for ones country 為祖國(guó)而死，殉國(guó)die for ones post 為職位而死，殉職die of/die from/die by 因而死，后面加原因eg She died of canser. 她死于癌癥。eg She died of old age.

37、她因?yàn)槟昀隙馈ie from overwork因過(guò)度勞累而死亡（外因）die from wound由于受傷而死亡（外因）die by drowning 淹死die by fire 燒死die by ones own hand 自殺be dying for (口) 渴望eg He was dying for a drink.他渴望喝點(diǎn)什么東西。die away (聲音，光線，風(fēng)等)減弱，漸息dead adj 死的，無(wú)生命的dead leaves 枯葉the dead 死人（指一類人）2 adj 完全的，絕對(duì)的a dead silence 一片死寂come to a dead stop 完全停

38、業(yè)3 n 最黑暗，最寒冷的時(shí)候in the dead of night 在深夜in the dead of winter 在隆冬death n 死亡put someone to death 處死，殺死starved to death 餓死deadly adj 致命的，不共戴天的a deadly wound 致命的傷口a deadly weapon 兇器5. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of victims.claimv索取某人性命，造成某人失蹤或死亡a number of victims許多

39、犧牲者=many victims6. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.have+賓語(yǔ)+(過(guò)去分詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)) 表示動(dòng)作不是have的主語(yǔ)完成的，而是別人執(zhí)行的eg Youd better have the dangerous building pulled down. 你最好找人把這個(gè)危樓推到。eg I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天理發(fā)了。（不是我自己理的，而是請(qǐng)理發(fā)師幫我理的)eg Id like to have the package

40、weighed.我想請(qǐng)你幫我把這個(gè)包裹稱一下。（即包裹被別人稱）eg I had my bike repaired. 我找人把車修了一下。so far 到目前為止eg He has written three books so far. 到目前為止他寫了三本書了。eg I can only help him so far. 我能幫他的僅止于此。go far 1 成功eg He is hardworking and will go far.他工作和努力，會(huì)成功的。2 (錢，衣物等)經(jīng)用，有價(jià)值的（用于否定句）eg A dollar doesnt go far these days.最近一美元不管

41、用了。go as far as/go so far as +不定式 竟然eg He went so far as to call me an idiot.他竟然管我叫白癡。7. He has pointed out that the tree is a usuful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of country to see it. point v 指eg Its rude to point. 指手畫腳是不禮貌的。eg Thats the man who did it,' she sai

42、d pointing at me .“那事是他干的，”她指著我說(shuō)。Pointing at 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。point out 指出point sth out 使注意某事物point the finger(at sb) 公開指責(zé)某人point the way to sth/point the way towards sth 指出發(fā)展的可能性tourist n 游客tour n 旅游-ist 后綴，B2302以-ize結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞結(jié)合，構(gòu)成名詞dramatist n 劇作家，戲曲家 publicist n 國(guó)際法學(xué)家；評(píng)論家-ist 后綴，以-ism結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)合 ，“的信仰者；主義者；實(shí)

43、行者”have been coming 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，“一直”8. In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.in spite of 盡管，相當(dāng)于 despite(prep)that has been said 定語(yǔ)從句，修飾all (現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)has/have been done）have been picking/have been cutting 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示不停的重復(fù)做某事9. So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!not of 相當(dāng)于 none of 一個(gè)都沒有strike down 將擊倒stricke-struckstruckeg Most people in the town were struck down with the strange fever. 鎮(zhèn)上大多數(shù)人被一種及怪的病魔擊垮了 stricke 1 n 罷工on stricke/ go out on stricke 罷工2 v 打，擊，撞，罷工，鬧罷工