高考強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考點(diǎn)面面觀

1、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考點(diǎn)面面觀強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考點(diǎn)面面觀 句型結(jié)構(gòu)：句型結(jié)構(gòu)： It is / was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that / who +句子剩余句子剩余部分部分 本文我們著重探討該句型的創(chuàng)新變化形式。隨著本文我們著重探討該句型的創(chuàng)新變化形式。隨著高考考點(diǎn)的不斷深入變化，該句型總是以新的面高考考點(diǎn)的不斷深入變化，該句型總是以新的面孔出現(xiàn)，或本身發(fā)生變化，或與其他句式結(jié)構(gòu)相孔出現(xiàn)，或本身發(fā)生變化，或與其他句式結(jié)構(gòu)相結(jié)合，然而萬(wàn)變不離其宗，總是脫不掉結(jié)合，然而萬(wàn)變不離其宗，總是脫不掉it，be，that/who這一框架結(jié)構(gòu)。筆者結(jié)合近幾年有關(guān)高這一框架結(jié)構(gòu)。筆者結(jié)合近幾年有關(guān)高考題的特點(diǎn)，將其變化形

2、式歸納如下：考題的特點(diǎn)，將其變化形式歸納如下：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句形式。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句形式。一一. 句式特征：句式特征：Is/ Was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that；1（1994 上海）Was it in 1969 _ the American astronauts succeeded _ landing on the moon ?A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in簡(jiǎn)析：比較It was in 1969 that the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the

3、moon 我們不難看出該題干實(shí)質(zhì)上是該陳述句的一般疑問(wèn)句形式。答案選D。2Could it be in the restaurant in _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your handbag?A. that; which B. which; that C. where; that D. that; where這是一個(gè)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句形式，第一空格所在的句子成分應(yīng)為定語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合介詞in應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which；第二個(gè)空格所在部分應(yīng)為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that分句。故答案為B。二、二、 結(jié)合特殊疑問(wèn)詞構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。

4、結(jié)合特殊疑問(wèn)詞構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句形式。句式特征：特殊疑問(wèn)詞句式特征：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was it that？3_ is it _has made Peter _he is today?A. What; that; that B. That; that; whatC. What; what; that D. What; that; what簡(jiǎn)析：本題結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，乍看難以理清，請(qǐng)看下面兩句：It is determination that has made Peter what he is today.對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)What is it that has made Peter what he is t

5、oday?對(duì)照原題，則答案為D。依此為據(jù)擴(kuò)展開(kāi)來(lái)可為：依此為據(jù)擴(kuò)展開(kāi)來(lái)可為：4How is it that she turned down our help? 什么原因使得？5Where was it that you met Tom yesterday? 究竟在哪？6When was it that you met him in the park? 究竟何時(shí)？7When and where was it that you got to know Mary? 究竟在何時(shí)何地？8Who was it that that came up with the bright idea? 究竟是誰(shuí)？9Wh

6、ich book is it that you want to buy? 究竟是哪一本書(shū)？10Whose umbrella was it that you took away? 到底是誰(shuí)的傘？ 三、三、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反意疑問(wèn)句形式強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的反意疑問(wèn)句形式 句式特征為：句式特征為：It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that，isnt / wasnt it？ 11It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, _? A. do they B. didnt they C. wasnt it D. was

7、it 簡(jiǎn)析：答案C. 此種情況下疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的主語(yǔ)it保持一致，不能和被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中的名詞或代詞保持一致，并要遵守“前肯定后否定”的原則。 四、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的感嘆句形式。四、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的感嘆句形式。 句式特征為：句式特征為：what/ how it is (that) +主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！謂語(yǔ)！ 12What a beautiful picture it is (that) you have drawn! 13How beautiful it is (that) your daughter is! 五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的“讓步含義讓步含義”。 句式特征為：含有句式特征為：含有“讓步

8、含義讓步含義”的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型在翻譯成漢的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)時(shí)要注意“反譯反譯”。 14It is a wise father that knows his own child. 再英明的父親也不會(huì)理解他自己的子女。（莎士比亞名言） 15It is a wise man that never makes mistakes. 再聰明的人也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。六、在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中考察主謂一致與比較結(jié)構(gòu)。六、在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中考察主謂一致與比較結(jié)構(gòu)。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，有時(shí)也考察用rather than，not but等連接的平行對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)既要注重比較結(jié)構(gòu)，又要注意主謂一致，屬于較復(fù)雜的句式。句式特征為：句式特征為

9、：It is/was notbutthat ; 不是不是而是而是（that后的動(dòng)詞與后的動(dòng)詞與but后的名詞或代詞后的名詞或代詞保持一致）保持一致）It is /was not that ; 或者：或者：It is/wasthat not ; 是是而不是而不是（that后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與not前的名詞或代前的名詞或代詞保持一致）詞保持一致）It is/was rather than that ;是是而不是而不是 ( that后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與rather than前的前的名詞或代詞保持一致名詞或代詞保持一致) 16It is not help but obstacles that

10、make a man. 簡(jiǎn)析：本句譯為“使人成才的，不是助力，而是阻力”。注意obstacles和make形成主謂一致關(guān)系。 17Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, _ to blame. A. is B. that is C. are D. who are 簡(jiǎn)析：此句被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分中的the sales manager，通過(guò)rather than與the sales girls形成比較結(jié)構(gòu)，再考慮到主謂一致的原則，應(yīng)選B。 18(NMET 2000, 24) It is the abil

11、ity to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it 簡(jiǎn)析：本題答案選B。在本題中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分the ability to do the job 與 not where you come from or what you are形成比較結(jié)構(gòu)，the ability to do the job與matters形成主謂一致關(guān)系。當(dāng)然本題還可說(shuō)成：It is the ability to do the job not where you come from or

12、 what you are that matters. 但這樣就顯得句子重心不穩(wěn)，結(jié)構(gòu)不合理。19It is the prevention of disease rather than its successful treatment that has led to the rapid increase of the worlds population.簡(jiǎn)析：本句中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)，含義為“導(dǎo)致世界人口快速增長(zhǎng)的原因是對(duì)疾病的預(yù)防而非對(duì)疾病的成功治療。”當(dāng)然has led to的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是the prevention of disease。七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的七、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的

13、結(jié)合。動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)合。句式特征句式特征: It may be+ 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that It must have been+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that Would/ Could it be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that? 20It might have been John _bought a new book for Mary yesterday.A. what B. since C. that D. then 該題答案為C，許多考生誤選其他的原因在于be的復(fù)雜化而看不出本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。再如：21It may be next week that she leaves

14、for Tokyo.八、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和名詞性從句的結(jié)合。八、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和名詞性從句的結(jié)合。句式特征為句式特征為: 整個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用作名詞性從句整個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用作名詞性從句; 或者在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有名詞性從句?；蛘咴趶?qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有名詞性從句。22 Ive already forgotten _you put the dictionary.A. that it was there B. where was it thatC. that where it was D. where it was that簡(jiǎn)析：本題是經(jīng)過(guò)變形的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用作賓語(yǔ)從句的體現(xiàn)，為了更好地理解，我們分三步對(duì)其進(jìn)行討論。第一步，復(fù)原It w

15、as on the desk that I put the dictionary.第二步，對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)Where was it that you put the dictionary?第三步，變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序，將其用作forgotten的賓語(yǔ)從句則變?yōu)椋篒ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.與原題對(duì)比，答案應(yīng)為D。再看一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中含有同位語(yǔ)從句的例子：23It was at the very beginning _Mr. Fox made the decision _ we should send more

16、 firefighters there.A. when; which B. where; what C. then; so D. that; that簡(jiǎn)析：本題答案為D。 第一個(gè)that為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that；第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明the decision的內(nèi)容。九、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)合。九、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)合。句式特征為句式特征為: 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分或其他部分在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分或其他部分中找出一個(gè)先行詞，附上修飾該部分的定語(yǔ)從句，中找出一個(gè)先行詞，附上修飾該部分的定語(yǔ)從句，這樣整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就變得非常復(fù)雜。應(yīng)特別注意不這樣整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就變得非常復(fù)雜。應(yīng)特別注意不

17、要混淆定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的要混淆定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that/who部分。部分。 24 It was in the small house _was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood. A. which; that B. that; where C. which; which D. that; which 簡(jiǎn)析：本題含義為“是在這間小房子里他度過(guò)了童年”，the small house作先行詞，其后的定語(yǔ)從句缺做主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞；第二空所缺的應(yīng)是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的結(jié)構(gòu)詞that, 故答案選A。再如： 25

18、 It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time that he ought to have spent doing his lessons. 簡(jiǎn)析：劃線(xiàn)部分作定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞time。本題中有兩個(gè)that，最大的誤會(huì)就是把二者弄混，第一個(gè)that是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的；第二個(gè)that是關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的。因其作spent的賓語(yǔ)，可以省去。 26Is _three hours _the boy _family is poor to come to school on foot? A. it; that; whose B

19、. it; that it takes; whose C. it for; that it takes; whose D. it; when; that; 簡(jiǎn)析：本題結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，是定語(yǔ)從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般問(wèn)句形式和句式It takes sb some time to do sth.的糅合。我們也分幾步來(lái)看這個(gè)句子： 第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot. 第二步：以the boy為先行詞，后面附上定語(yǔ)從句，則變?yōu)椋?It takes the boy whose family is poor three hou

20、rs to come to school on foot. 第三步：用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)上句中的劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，則變?yōu)椋?It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot. 第四步：將上句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句即是該題，經(jīng)對(duì)比可知答案應(yīng)為B。 十、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和（十、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和（not）until句型的結(jié)合。句型的結(jié)合。句式特征為句式特征為:It is/ was until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that +延續(xù)動(dòng)詞延續(xù)動(dòng)詞It is/ was not until+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+

21、that+短暫動(dòng)詞短暫動(dòng)詞如：用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型對(duì)I didnt leave until it got dark.中的劃線(xiàn)部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，則變成：27 It was not until he came back that I knew the result. 簡(jiǎn)析簡(jiǎn)析：注意此種情況下否定詞：注意此種情況下否定詞not要從原題的主句上轉(zhuǎn)移到要從原題的主句上轉(zhuǎn)移到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的從句上，這也是否定轉(zhuǎn)移的一種形式。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的從句上，這也是否定轉(zhuǎn)移的一種形式。28 It was until last year that he _.A. left school for a new startB. came to reali

22、ze the importance of learning EnglishC. worked as an English teacher at a middle schoolD. set out to build a new house of his own簡(jiǎn)析：本題不含否定詞not，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞work為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，答案C。十一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略形式。十一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略形式。句式特征為句式特征為: 在一定的上下文中，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的某個(gè)部分可以省在一定的上下文中，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的某個(gè)部分可以省略。作題時(shí)要特別注意將其復(fù)原并加以比較。略。作題時(shí)要特別注意將其復(fù)原并加以比較。29Who is

23、making so much noise in the garden?_ the children.A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are簡(jiǎn)析：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型在具體的語(yǔ)境中省略，其完整形式應(yīng)是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。答案為A。30He was nearly drowned once. When was _?_ was in 1998 when he was in middle school. (NMET 2002北京春季，30)A. that; I

24、t B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This簡(jiǎn)析：在第三句話(huà)中when he was in middle school.為定語(yǔ)從句，修飾1998，其后省去了that he was nearly drowned once. 此題如把關(guān)系副詞when 也挖空，則很容易誤選that。十二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的形近句型。十二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的形近句型。 (1) It be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+ 是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。去掉是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。去掉it，be，that后，剩余部分仍能組成一個(gè)完整的句子。如：后，剩余部分仍能組成一個(gè)完整的句子。如： 31It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions. 本句去掉去掉it，be，that后后可轉(zhuǎn)化成：Probably due to these skills they have been offered a wide variety of positions. (2) It+ be+ adj. / n