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1、成人學(xué)位英語(yǔ)詞匯容易混淆的詞成人本科學(xué)位英語(yǔ)考試,除了成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)詞匯手冊(cè)列出的詞之外,我們學(xué)習(xí)詞匯時(shí)還應(yīng)注意容易混淆的詞。英語(yǔ)中有些詞,詞形和讀音相近,但意義卻不同;有些同義詞,基本意義相同,但內(nèi)涵的意義有很大差異。我們必須在廣泛閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上,仔細(xì)觀察每一個(gè)詞在不同上下文中的含義和用法,從而學(xué)會(huì)正確使用它。1 able, capable, competentable為常用詞,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知識(shí)與時(shí)間等,一般下效率無(wú)關(guān),用作定語(yǔ)表示能力超出平均水平。如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (貓?jiān)诤诎抵心芸匆?jiàn)東西。)capable 指滿足一般要求的
2、能力,可以是表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的,也可是潛在的,搭配是be capable of +doing。用作定語(yǔ),表示的能力沒(méi)有able表示的能力強(qiáng)。如:He is capable of running a mile in a minute. (他能在一分鐘內(nèi)跑完一英里。)He is a very capable doctor. (他是一位很好的大夫。)competent 指“勝任”,“合格”,或受過(guò)專業(yè)技術(shù)等訓(xùn)練的,但不是超群的能力。如:A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. (醫(yī)生應(yīng)該能治多種病。)2 aboard, abroad, boar
3、d, broadaboard 在船(或飛機(jī),車)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.abroad 副詞,在國(guó)外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.board 為動(dòng)詞,上(船,飛機(jī),車)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.broad 為形容詞,寬廣的。如:He has very broad shoulders.3 accept, receiveaccept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didnt ac
4、cept it. (昨天我收到了一個(gè)請(qǐng)柬,但并沒(méi)有接受邀請(qǐng)。)4accident, incident, eventaccident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)incident“附帶事件”,在政治上特指引起國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端或戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的事件,事變。event “事件”,指特別重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,也指國(guó)家和社會(huì)的事件。5. accomplish, complete, finish, achieve, attainaccomplish表成功,強(qiáng)調(diào)完成的結(jié)果而不是過(guò)程。如:Because of his hard word, things are accompl
5、ished. (由于他的努力,事情都已完成了。)complete 表示積極的完成,更具體地指建筑、工程等的完成。如:Has he complete his novel yet? (他的小說(shuō)寫完了嗎?)finish 最常用,后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式,表示在一個(gè)活動(dòng)的連續(xù)過(guò)程中完成了最后的一步或階段。如:Ill finish the job alone. (我要獨(dú)自完成這項(xiàng)工作。)achieve 完成,實(shí)現(xiàn),強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)努力而達(dá)到目的。如:You will achieve success if you work hard.Attain達(dá)到,實(shí)現(xiàn),常用于一般人的能力不易達(dá)到的目的。如:Greater ef
6、forts are needed before we can attain our goals.6. accurate, correct, exact, preciseaccurate準(zhǔn)確的,精確的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火車站的鐘應(yīng)該是準(zhǔn)確的。)correct“正確的”,指符合一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或準(zhǔn)則,含有“無(wú)錯(cuò)誤的”意味。它的反義詞是incorrect, wrong.exact“精確的”,“恰好的”,比“大體上正確”更進(jìn)一步,表“絲毫不差”。它的反義詞是inexact。precise強(qiáng)調(diào)“精確”,“精密”。7. accus
7、e, charge, sueaccuse 指責(zé),指控,常與of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.charge 常與with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.sue 常與for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.8. achieve, acquire, require, inquireachieve(成功地)完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)。如:He will never achieve anything unless
8、 he works harder. (如他不努力工作,將會(huì)一事無(wú)成。)acquire取得,獲得,學(xué)到。如:acquire knowledge (獲得知識(shí))inquire打聽(tīng),詢問(wèn)。如:inquire a persons name(問(wèn)一個(gè)人的姓名)require需要。如:We require more help. (我們需要更多的幫助。)9. act, action, deedact 用作名詞時(shí),與action, deed均可表“行為”,“舉動(dòng)”。Act指時(shí)間較短的個(gè)人行動(dòng)或行為,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。如:The farmer caught the boys in the act of stealing h
9、is apples. (農(nóng)夫在孩子們正偷他的蘋果時(shí)把他們抓住了。)action較正式,往往指不止包含一個(gè)步驟,且持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的行為或行動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)行為的過(guò)程。如:Actions are more important than words. (行動(dòng)比語(yǔ)言更重要。)deed為正式用語(yǔ),多指?jìng)ゴ蟮?,顯著的,感人的行為。如:They thanked him for his good deeds. (他們感謝他做的好事。)10actual, true, real, genuineactual 意為“實(shí)際的”,“現(xiàn)實(shí)的”,指所形容的事物在事實(shí)上已經(jīng)發(fā)生或存在,而不是僅在理論上可能發(fā)生或存在的。true“真實(shí)的
10、”,指與實(shí)際相符,而非虛假。genuine “真的”,“非冒充的”,“貨真價(jià)實(shí)的”,強(qiáng)調(diào)正宗而非冒牌。11adequate, enough, sufficientadequate 足夠的,指數(shù)量多,適合需要的數(shù)量。enough足夠的,指數(shù)量多,足夠滿足某種目的或愿望。sufficient同enough,常可互換使用。但sufficient指數(shù)量多,足夠滿足某種需要,在口語(yǔ)中常用enough,在書面語(yǔ)中常用sufficient,在不易肯定時(shí)多用enough。Enough可放在被修飾名詞后,且可作副詞,sufficient則不可這么用。12admit, confess兩者都表“承認(rèn)”。admit指
11、大膽地承認(rèn)以前試圖不論或推諉的壞事。如:John has admitted to breaking the window. (約翰已承認(rèn)打破了窗玻璃。)Confess常指承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,罪行等。如:The thief confessed his crime to the police. (小偷向警察承認(rèn)了罪行。)13advice,adviseadvice勸告(名詞)。如:I want to give you some advice.advise勸告(動(dòng)詞)。如:What do you advise me to do?14adopt, adaptadopt ()收養(yǎng)。如:Since they have
12、 no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他們自己沒(méi)有孩子,所以決定收養(yǎng)一個(gè)小女孩。)()采納,采用,通過(guò)。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采納了我們的建議。)adopt與adapt詞形相近,后者的意思是“使適合”,“改編”等。15advance, proceed, progress均可表“前進(jìn)”。advance表向一個(gè)特定的目的地,在一定的時(shí)間或空間內(nèi)穩(wěn)定地向前運(yùn)動(dòng)。如:Napoleons army advanced on Moscow. (拿破侖的軍隊(duì)向莫斯科挺進(jìn)。)proc
13、eed強(qiáng)調(diào)從一處向另一處的運(yùn)動(dòng),常表停頓后繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。如:They proceeded from London to Paris. (他們從倫敦往巴黎前進(jìn)。)peogress 多表自然過(guò)程,指生長(zhǎng),發(fā)展等穩(wěn)定地或循環(huán)往復(fù)地前進(jìn)。如:The year is progressing, it will soon be summer. (光陰似箭,很快又是夏天了。)16advantage, benefit, profitadvantage 常指一種使某人處于比其他人相對(duì)有利的地位,機(jī)會(huì)或時(shí)機(jī)。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受過(guò)良好的教育對(duì)他十分有利
14、。)profit 多指報(bào)償或報(bào)償性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年賺錢了嗎?)benefit 指物質(zhì)利益或精神方面的好處。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我個(gè)人從這家企業(yè)中并不獲益。)17advise, convince, persuade均可表“勸說(shuō)”。advise表建議,規(guī)勸某人應(yīng)該做某事或如何做。如:He advised me to put my money in the bank. (他勸我把錢存入銀行。)convince指向某人陳述事實(shí),運(yùn)用推理或邏輯證明使某人信服。
15、如:We convinced Smith to go by train rather than plane. (我們說(shuō)服了史密斯乘火車而不乘飛機(jī)前往。)persuade指用感情說(shuō)服某人去做某事。如:I persuaded him to go back to work. (我說(shuō)服他回去工作了。)18affect, effectaffect影響(動(dòng)詞)。如Smoking affects health.effect效果,影響(名詞)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.19afford, provide, supply都有“提供,供給
16、”的意思。afford一般只用于抽象事物。provide 和supply意思相同,兩個(gè)詞都和with連用,構(gòu)成provide /supply somebody with something的結(jié)構(gòu)。20agree, consentagree 為常用詞。如:Do you agree to the condition? (你同意這個(gè)條件嗎?)consent為正式用詞,多用于上下級(jí)的關(guān)系,表示同意別人的要求或請(qǐng)求。如:Did the king consent to your plan?(國(guó)王同意你的計(jì)劃嗎?) 21aid, help, assist用作動(dòng)詞均可表“幫助”。aid為正式用詞,help最常
17、用。assist最正式,表示協(xié)助某人做某事,尤指在體力上或具體事務(wù)上幫助和扶持。如:She employed a woman to assist her with the housework. (她雇了一名婦女幫她做家務(wù)。)22alive, living, livealive 指雖有死的可能,但仍活著,一般只作表語(yǔ)。living可用于人或物,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可前可后。live只做前置定語(yǔ),用于動(dòng)物和個(gè)別事物前。23almost, nearly一般說(shuō)來(lái),almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“開(kāi)始”、“完成” (目標(biāo))等。在all, every, always 前,兩者都可用。如:He is al
18、most (nearly) smoking. (他幾乎每天抽煙。)almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 連用,而nearly卻不能。如:Almost no one believed her. (幾乎沒(méi)人相信他。)24alone, lonelyalone只表“獨(dú)自”的客觀狀態(tài),沒(méi)有感情色彩,只作表語(yǔ);lonely表“孤獨(dú)”,:“寂寞”,能作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如:When she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人時(shí)她就感到寂寞。)alone, only均可表“只有”,但alone須置于被修飾詞之后,only往往置于
19、被修飾詞前。如:He alone (Only he) can remember the story. (只有他才能記起這段經(jīng)歷。)25already, all readyalready已經(jīng)(副詞)。如:The plane had already landed before we got to the airport.all ready準(zhǔn)備好的(作表語(yǔ))。如:We were all ready to leave when the telephone rang.26alter, change作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),兩者可通用。作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),alter是對(duì)局部,表面的改變,而change則是對(duì)本質(zhì)的,全面的
20、,徹底的改變。如:Can you alter the dress? (你會(huì)改做這件衣服嗎?)Can you change the dress?(你能給我更換這件衣服嗎?)27altogether, all togetheraltogether總計(jì),總共。如:Altogether there are six of us. (我們總計(jì)六人。)all together 全都在一起。如:We played the game all together. (我們大家都一起來(lái)玩游戲吧。)28amaze, astonish, surprise都可作及物動(dòng)詞,意思相近,一般都是以事物作主語(yǔ),人稱作賓語(yǔ)。amaz
21、e強(qiáng)調(diào)“使驚訝”,有時(shí)還有“驚嘆”,“佩服”等意。astonish表示“使大吃一驚”,“幾乎使人無(wú)法相信”之意。surprise只表“出乎意料之外”。29among, betweenamong 在中間(三者或三者以上之間)。如:Our house is hidden among trees.between在兩者之間。如:It is easy to distinguish between a Japanese and a Chinese.30announce, declareannounce指宣布公眾期望或與公眾有關(guān)的事情,含有預(yù)告的意味。如:The government announced t
22、hat they would pay their debts. (政府宣布將償還債務(wù)。)declare指正式負(fù)責(zé)地宣布,聲明,通常用于莊重的場(chǎng)合。如:The judge declared him guilty.(法官宣布他有罪。)31annoy, bother, trouble, disturbannoy指外界的干擾令人討厭或無(wú)法忍受,或指某人故意去妨礙別人。bother打擾,麻煩,指給人行動(dòng)帶來(lái)不便或身心上帶來(lái)痛苦。如:May I trouble you with a few questions?disturb打擾,擾亂,指使正常秩序或一時(shí)的安定受到破壞,精力一時(shí)不能集中。如:I am so
23、rry to disturb you.32answer, reply, respond用作動(dòng)詞,都可表“回答”,“答復(fù)”。answer是常用詞,后可接letter(回信),question(回答問(wèn)題),doorbell(開(kāi)門),telephone(接電話),advertisement(應(yīng)征廣告)等。reply較正式,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞,可與to連用。如:He has replied to my letter.(他回答了我信中提的問(wèn)題。)respond作“回答”解,用得較少,也同to 搭配。如:He quickly responded to the question. (他很快就回答了問(wèn)題。)另
24、外,respond還可表“對(duì)反應(yīng)”,“響應(yīng)”。33. appreciate, enjoyappreciate指對(duì)事物有深刻的理解能力并能鑒賞。enjoy是一般用語(yǔ),僅指感官或智力上的滿足,“享受”的意味較強(qiáng)。34. approve, proveapprove(1)贊成,同意。如:I dont approve of wasting time.(我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。)(2)批準(zhǔn),通過(guò)。如:The minister approved the building plan. 部長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了建筑計(jì)劃。prove和approve詞形相似,prove是“證明”,“表明是”等。35. argue, debate, d
25、isputeargue著重“說(shuō)理”,“論證”,“企圖說(shuō)明”,且后可接that引導(dǎo)的從句。debate著重雙方各自陳述理由,尤其是“公開(kāi)地”、“正式地”辯論。如:The subject was hotly debated.dispute著重就分歧進(jìn)行熱烈的“爭(zhēng)論”,含有“相持不下”或“未得到解決”的意味。如:He disputed with his wife on household expenses.36. arise, rise, raisearise表無(wú)形的東西(如困難,問(wèn)題等)“出現(xiàn)”,“發(fā)生”。rise指具體事物的“上升”,“升起”,也是不及物動(dòng)詞。如:The sun rises in
26、 the east.(太陽(yáng)從東邊升起。)raise為及物動(dòng)詞,“使上升”,“舉起”等。如:He raised his hand.(他舉了手。)37. assure, ensure, insureassure以十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣向別人保證某事一定會(huì)發(fā)生,后需連用人稱代詞或指人的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。ensure表普通的“保證”。insure表“保險(xiǎn)”,有時(shí)同ensure可以換用。38. awake, wake, waken都可作動(dòng)詞。awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。wake常指“睡醒”,多為不及物動(dòng)詞。waken多用作及物動(dòng)詞,常指“吵醒”,“驚醒”。39. await, waitawait是及物
27、動(dòng)詞。如:I await your further instructions.wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物動(dòng)詞,后常接介詞for。如:I will wait for you at the school gate.40. award, prize, rewardaward, reward作動(dòng)詞。award意為“授予(獎(jiǎng)品,獎(jiǎng)金等)”,后面可跟雙賓語(yǔ);reward意為“報(bào)酬”,“酬謝”,只能跟人或以人的行為作賓語(yǔ)。award, prize, reward作名詞時(shí),award常指獎(jiǎng)金,獎(jiǎng)品;prize多指在競(jìng)賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝所贏得的獎(jiǎng);reward則指為某項(xiàng)勞動(dòng)或行為所付的酬金。 41. bas
28、e, basisbase表事物的下部的底部,多用于具體事物。basis多用于比喻,主要指命題的基礎(chǔ)。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意見(jiàn)缺乏現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。)42. beat, winbeat表在比賽和戰(zhàn)斗中打敗對(duì)手,后接對(duì)手作賓語(yǔ)。Win作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),其賓語(yǔ)為游戲、比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎(jiǎng)金等名詞。如:He has won the race.(他贏得了賽跑的勝利。)43. beneath, below, underbeneath表示同表面接觸,與on 相對(duì)。Below表示“在下面,低于”,與above相對(duì)。under表示“在正下方”與over相對(duì)。44. be
29、side, besidesbeside在旁邊。如:Come and sit beside me.besides除之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.45. big, great, largebig強(qiáng)調(diào)體積,質(zhì)量,容量和重量大。如:a big box。Big也有抽象意義,指重大的事件或行為。如:a big mistakegreat帶感情色彩,多指程度和質(zhì)量,指具體事物或人時(shí),表“突出”,“引人注目”。如:a great manlarge多指面積,數(shù)目或數(shù)量大。如:a large population, a large number等。
30、46. bloom, blossombloom多指供觀賞植物的開(kāi)花。如:The roses are blooming.blossom多指果樹(shù)等植物的開(kāi)花。如:The apple trees are blossoming.47. borrow, lendborrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment?lend把借給。如:Can you lend me your bike?48. bring, takebring帶來(lái)。如:Bring me some water, please.take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when
31、 I go and see her?49. calculate, compute, estimatecalculate通常指用數(shù)學(xué)方法進(jìn)行比較復(fù)雜,難度較大的精確計(jì)算。如:You cant expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in pute常指比較簡(jiǎn)單的運(yùn)算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination.estimate估計(jì),常指對(duì)數(shù)量、成本等事先進(jìn)行判斷或估計(jì)。如:Some farmers as
32、ked the weatherman to estimate next years rainfall.50. cheat, deceive, trickcheat欺騙,常用詞,主要指為了自己的利益欺騙人。deceive表示隱瞞真相或以假相騙人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying.trick哄騙,表示耍手段進(jìn)行欺騙,強(qiáng)調(diào)在行騙時(shí)使用計(jì)策,有時(shí)也指并非出于惡意的欺騙。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval.51. childish, childlikechildish幼稚的。如:It was ver
33、y childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.childlike孩子般天真的。如:When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.52. choose, pick, select, electchoose是一常用詞,表一般的“選擇”。pick通常用于不需要認(rèn)真權(quán)衡,對(duì)比就能做出決定。select側(cè)重“在同類的許多東西中,進(jìn)行有斟酌的精選”。elect指選舉或用其他方法推選人。53. cloth, clothingcloth
34、布。如:I need three yards of cloth to make a suit.clothing衣服(總稱)。如:Youd better give all the old clothing away.54. complex, complicated均可表“復(fù)雜”。complex為常用詞。complicated為正式用詞,表由于組成部分太多,相互關(guān)系太復(fù)雜而不能理解,語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)。55. compose, consist, constitutecompose為常用詞,常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Twelve men compose a jury.(十二人組成陪審團(tuán)
35、。)consist表一個(gè)整體由幾個(gè)部分組成(只能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。如:The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Island.(聯(lián)合王國(guó)是由大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭組成。)constitute為正式用詞,與consist相反,表由哪些部分構(gòu)成整體。如:Twelve months constitute a year.(一年有十二個(gè)月。)56. considerable, considerateconsiderable相當(dāng)多的,可觀的。如:He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了許多麻
36、煩。)considerate 考慮周到的,體諒的。如:It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真體貼人,不打擾我們。)57. consistent, constant, continual, continuousconsistent一致的,符合的。如:His action is always consistent with his words.constant不斷的,表示持續(xù)和慣常的重現(xiàn),往往沒(méi)有變化。如:He attributes his health to his constant exercise.continual頻頻的,不停的,時(shí)斷
37、時(shí)續(xù),中間可有間歇。如:Continual smoking is bad for health.continuous不斷延伸的,連續(xù)不斷的,強(qiáng)調(diào)中間無(wú)間斷。如:Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.58. crack, crashcrack(使)破裂,砸開(kāi)。如:I can crack it, but I cant break it. (我能把它弄裂,但不能把它弄破。)crash摔壞,墜毀。如:The plane crashed shortly after the take-off.(飛機(jī)起飛
38、不久就墜毀了。) 59. crawl, creepcrawl多指蛇,蟲類等身體沿地面或其他表面的動(dòng)作。如:There is an insect crawling up your back. (有一蟲子正在你的背上往上爬。)creep多指哺乳動(dòng)物或人等用四肢爬行的動(dòng)物偷偷摸摸無(wú)聲緩慢的前行動(dòng)作。如:They arrived late and crept into the classroom.(我們遲到了,便悄悄地溜進(jìn)教室。)60. cure, treatcure治愈,醫(yī)治。如:The medicine will cure of your disease.(這藥能治好你的病。)cure表示治好,t
39、reat只表示“給治病”。 61. current, present均可表“現(xiàn)在”,“目前”。current強(qiáng)調(diào)在現(xiàn)階段正在流行,通用,但不一定是最新的。如:current English (當(dāng)代英語(yǔ))present為常用詞,指現(xiàn)在正在通用的,在時(shí)間上比current的范圍更窄。如:Whats your present address?(你現(xiàn)住址是哪里?)62. custom, habit均可表習(xí)慣。custom為正式用詞,多指社團(tuán)或人們的習(xí)慣行為方式。habit為常用詞,多指?jìng)€(gè)人因多次重復(fù)而形成做某事的趨勢(shì)或意愿。如:He has the bad habit of biting his na
40、ils.(他有咬手指的壞習(xí)慣。)63. damage, destroy, harm, ruin均可表“破壞”,“損壞”。damage一般指部分性的破壞,含可修復(fù)使用。destroy指十分徹底的毀壞,破壞。如:The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.(地震中整個(gè)城市被毀了。)harm多指帶來(lái)悲痛,產(chǎn)生惡果的傷害,可以是肉體的也可是精神的。如:Doctors say smoking harms our health.(醫(yī)生說(shuō)吸煙對(duì)身體有害。)ruin為正式用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于自然力或時(shí)間的作用而逐漸損壞,用于比喻時(shí)也指徹底毀壞名聲,期望等。如:She
41、 poured water all over my painting and ruined it. (她把水倒在畫上,把它毀了。)另外,ruin的復(fù)數(shù)形式ruins表“廢墟”。64. decrease, reducedecrease多表示逐漸縮小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(腫脹日漸消退。)reduce為常用詞,使用范圍較大,可指尺寸,數(shù)量,規(guī)模和程度等,也可指地位,經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。如:He wont reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)65. dependent, independentdependent依賴的,依靠的(
42、on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.Independent 不依靠的,獨(dú)立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.66. desert, dessertdesert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert?Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?67. discover, inventdiscover
43、發(fā)現(xiàn)。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.invent發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.68. duty, responsibility均有“責(zé)任”之意,可換用。duty意義較廣,多指發(fā)自內(nèi)心的道德倫理上的責(zé)任感。responsibility著重指從道義或法律上對(duì)事件之后果負(fù)責(zé)。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承擔(dān)打破花瓶的全部責(zé)任。)69. effective,
44、 efficient均可表示“有效的”。effective常用以指物,強(qiáng)調(diào)能產(chǎn)生某種預(yù)期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,著重有效地利用時(shí)間、精力并取得預(yù)期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德國(guó)的電話系統(tǒng)效率很高。)70. economic, economicaleconomic經(jīng)濟(jì)(學(xué))的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉圖的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)說(shuō))economical節(jié)約的
45、,節(jié)儉的。如:He is economical of money and time.71. electric, electrical, electronic三詞都與電有關(guān)electric著重于發(fā)電的,電動(dòng)的或?qū)щ姷摹H纾篹lectric generator(發(fā)電機(jī));electric light(電燈)electrical多指本身不產(chǎn)生電,但是與電有關(guān)的。如:electrical engineering(電機(jī)工程);an electrical transcription(廣播唱片)electronic 電子的,電子操作的。如:electronic engineering(電子工程學(xué))72. e
46、mergence, emergencyemergence是emerge的名詞形式。Emergency意為“緊急情況”,“突然事件”。73. everyday, every dayeveryday每日的,日常的(作定語(yǔ))。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.every day每天(作狀語(yǔ))。如:She gets up early every day.74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand都表忍受,忍耐。 bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、煩惱或痛苦的事情。如:It is
47、hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是難以忍受的。)endure忍耐,書面語(yǔ),指長(zhǎng)時(shí)間經(jīng)受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦難需要耐力。)stand忍受,與bear同義,但較口語(yǔ)化。如:She cant stand having nothing to do.(沒(méi)事干,她受不了。)tolerate容忍,容許,指自我克制的態(tài)度,對(duì)于令人反感的事沒(méi)有任何抗議。如:I cant tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果繼續(xù)這樣下去的話,我決不會(huì)容忍他。)wi
48、thstand經(jīng)受,承受,指頂住外來(lái)的壓力和攻勢(shì)。如:They have withstood all test.(他們經(jīng)受了一切考驗(yàn)。)75. error, mistake, fault, shortcoming均表“缺點(diǎn)”,“錯(cuò)誤”。error是通用詞,指任何錯(cuò)誤,“犯錯(cuò)誤”可以說(shuō)commit /make an error。mistake指判斷或理解方面,或指因考慮不周而造成的錯(cuò)誤,搭配是make a mistake。fault表示“過(guò)失”,可與error通用,現(xiàn)多用來(lái)指缺點(diǎn),特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(這臺(tái)機(jī)器有一處毛病
49、。)構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) find fault with挑剔,找毛病。shortcoming 缺點(diǎn),可指人或事物的本質(zhì)上不足之處(常用復(fù)數(shù))。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(盡管他缺點(diǎn)多,我仍然喜歡他。)76. especially, particularly, specially均可表“特別地”。especially一般表示某事物在意義、程度、重要性性超過(guò)其他事物。如:I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜歡意大利,尤其在夏天。)particularly往往著重說(shuō)明與同類事物不同的個(gè)別事物。如:Th
50、e visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(來(lái)訪者贊賞他所有的繪畫,特別是他女兒的畫像。)specially 多表示“專門地”,“為特別目的的地”,如表“不尋?!保斑^(guò)分”等,可與especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地為你做了巧克力蛋糕。)77. exchange, replace, substitute均含有“換”之意。exchange指“互相交換”。replace的含義為“替換”,“取代”。如:
51、George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.(喬石治已接替愛(ài)德華擔(dān)任隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。)substitute則表示“用代替”。如:We substitute nylon for cotton.(我們用尼龍代替了棉花。)78. fall, descend都可表向下運(yùn)動(dòng)。fall指由于重力突然從高處落下或因?yàn)槭テ胶舛?。如:She slipped and fell down.(她滑了一下摔倒了。)descend多指沿著斜面而緩慢向下移動(dòng)。如:He descended the hill.(他下山了。)79. fame, honor, reputatio
52、n都可表名聲。fame是常用詞,一般指好的名聲。如:He was not anxious for fame.(他并不渴望成名。)honor榮譽(yù),尊敬,指受到公眾崇敬的榮譽(yù)和光榮。如:This is an honor more than I can deserve.(這光榮我受之有愧。)reputation名譽(yù),指公眾對(duì)某人的看法,可好可壞。如:He has a reputation for laziness.(他的懶惰出了名。)80. fell, fallfell砍伐(樹(shù)木)。如:They are felling the trees.(他們?cè)诳硺?shù)。)fell也可作fall的過(guò)去式;fell作“
53、砍伐”時(shí),它的過(guò)去式,過(guò)去分詞分別為felled, felled.81. formally, formerlyformally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for theparty.formerly從前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now heis a teacher.82. frank, honest, sincere都與坦率有關(guān)。frank直率的,坦白的,著重表達(dá)自己的情感和想法時(shí)沒(méi)有保留。如:Tobe frank with you, I do not know the answer my
54、self.(老實(shí)說(shuō),我自己也不知道答案。)honest誠(chéng)實(shí)的,正直的,指遵守正直等道德準(zhǔn)則。如:We want yourhonest opinion, not empty compliments.(我們需要你的誠(chéng)心懇的意見(jiàn),而不是空洞的恭維。)Sincere誠(chéng)摯的,誠(chéng)懇的,強(qiáng)調(diào)出自內(nèi)心的真心實(shí)意。如:Pleaseaccept this as a token of my sincere gratitude.(請(qǐng)接受這份表示我真誠(chéng)感謝的禮物。)83. gaze, stare, glance, glimpse都與“看”有關(guān)。gaze“凝視”,強(qiáng)調(diào)由于驚奇、興趣,目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地注視。Stare強(qiáng)調(diào)由于好奇、害怕或無(wú)意地睜大眼睛盯著看看。glare“怒視”,是兇狠地含有威脅地盯著看。glimpse“一瞥”,是短暫而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,現(xiàn)多用作名詞。注意一般表示“看”的單詞大多同at搭配構(gòu)成短,但glimpse卻有catch (have) a glimpse of這一搭配。84. genius, gift, talent都有天才之意。genius天才,是這三詞中程度最高的詞。如:Shakespeare was a manof great genius.gift天賦,比“天才”的意義要弱一點(diǎn),可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:He is a manof many gifts.(他多才多藝。)tale
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