輪機(jī)英語(yǔ)考證模擬題

1、第一篇 輪機(jī)英語(yǔ)考證模擬題Unit 1 Main Propulsion Plant (主推進(jìn)裝置）Lesson 1 Ships and Machinery ships (船舶和機(jī)械)1. The auxiliary engine and a. c. generator can be connected with_A, camB. crossheadC. bulgeD. coupling注：副機(jī)和發(fā)電機(jī)用聯(lián)軸節(jié)連接，故選D。2. The term medium speed diesel engine is currently taken to mean an engine with an ope

2、rat-ing rotational speed ofrpm.A. below 300B. above 1200C. between 300 to 1200D. below 1200注：術(shù)語(yǔ)"中速機(jī)"是指運(yùn)行速度介于300-1200 rpm之間的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。（也有說(shuō)法為300 -1000 rpm),只能選C，故選C。3. The rotating range of the low speed diesel engine is usually lower than.A. 100 rpmB. 200 rpmC. 300 rpmD. 500 rpm注：術(shù)語(yǔ)"低速機(jī)"

3、;是指運(yùn)行速度小于300rpm的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，故選C。4. Among the main propulsion units on board the ship with the same capacity ， the lightest oneis.A. steam engineB. steam turbine C. gas turbineD. diesel engine注：船舶使用的各種類型的主推進(jìn)裝置中，如果產(chǎn)生的功率相同，裝置重量最輕的是燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)。（比功率大是燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，同樣功率，內(nèi)燃機(jī)中重量最輕，體積也最小。)故選c。5. Concerning diesel propelled vesse

4、ls, the astern power is to provide for continuous operationastem.A. equal to that available for ahead operationB. at 70 percent of the ahead rpm at rated speedC. while underway and under all normal conditionsD. at 70 percent of the ahead rpm of average continuous sea speed注：柴油機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的船舶，倒車轉(zhuǎn)速一般是正車額定轉(zhuǎn)速的70

5、% -80%,故選B。6. A diesel engine is operating at 1800 rpm and driving a propeller at 600 rpm. What is the speed reduction ratio?A. 0. 30 to 1B. 3. 00 to 1C. 3. 33 to 1D. 33. 0 to 1注：減速齒輪箱的減速比=曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速/螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)速=1800/600 =3，故選B。7. Engine displacement is equal to the cylinder.A. area times the strokeB. area time

6、s the stroke ， times the number of cylindersC. volume times the strokeD. volume times the stroke ， times the number of cylinders 注：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的排量=氣缸面積x活塞沖程x氣缸數(shù)目，選B。8. In using reduction gears to obtain efficient propeller speeds ， .A. they must be located at the after end of the engineB. they can only be us

7、ed with one engine at a timeC. they eliminate the need for controllable pitch propellersD. they are connected to the engine with a flexible coupling 注：減速齒輪與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)采用柔性聯(lián)軸節(jié)連接，選D。9. Maximum horsepower of a diesel engine is attained.A. when the engine rpm is pulled down by overloadB. at rated engine rpmC. a

8、t 95 % of rated engine rpmD. at 95 % of a properly adjusted governor rpm with the engine under full load 注：柴油機(jī)的最大功率是在其額定轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)產(chǎn)生的，故選B。10. * The term "moderate speed" was previously interpreted as meaning a speed which wouldenable a vesselwithin half the range of visibility.A. stoppingB. being

9、 stopped C. to stopD. to be stopped注：術(shù)語(yǔ)"中等速度"以前被解釋為能使船舶在視野的一半距離內(nèi)被停住的速度。根據(jù)題意船舶被停住要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，enable后面要跟動(dòng)詞不定式，故選D。11. can be found on most medium to large merchant vessels even if the main engine IBeither a steam turbine or 2-stroke crosshead engine.A. The medium speed 4-stroke trunk piston engi

10、neB. The low speed 2-stroke crosshead engineC. The medium speed 2-stroke crosshead engineD. The low speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine注：即使主機(jī)是汽輪機(jī)，或者是二沖程十字頭柴油機(jī)，在中到大型的商船上也有采用中速的四沖程筒狀柴油機(jī)。B中的二沖程機(jī)題目中已有，C中的中速二沖程機(jī)和D中的低速四沖程機(jī)都不對(duì)，只有A的中速四沖程機(jī)符合題意，故選A。12. allows the engine to be placed wherever is most suitable,

11、as they no longer have tobe aligned with reduction gearing and shafting as is the case with conventional installations.A. Diesel engine propulsionB. Diesel electric propulsionC. Steam engine propulsionD. Gas turbine propulsion注：柴油電力推進(jìn)可以使主機(jī)布置在最合適的位置，而不用像傳統(tǒng)的推進(jìn)裝置要求與減速齒輪和軸系對(duì)中，根據(jù)題意選B。 Diesel electric pro

12、pulsion指柴油電力推進(jìn)。13. Medium speed engines have apower to weight ratio than the slow speed two strokes,but due to the higher speeds tend to havemaintenance intervals.A. higher; reducedB. higher； increasedC, lower ； reducedD. lower ； increased注：中速機(jī)比低速二沖程機(jī)的功率重量大，但由于速度高，檢修周期較短，故選A。14. The diesel engine is

13、 similar to the gasoline engine in that.A. both of them are ignited by compressed airB. both of them are the forms of external combustion enginesC. both of them have spark plugsD. the power is developed by the piston in the cylinder注：柴油機(jī)類似汽油機(jī)在于功率都是由氣缸里的活塞產(chǎn)生的，故選D。15. The reason why more and more of t

14、he large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines is.A. they operate between 150 and 450 rpmB. they are connected to the propeller by gearingC. their smaller size and weightD. they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing注：越來(lái)越多的大型商船以中速柴油機(jī)為動(dòng)力的原因是它們的尺寸小、重量輕，故

15、選c。16. Gas turbines differ from steam turbines in that.A. steam rather than gas is used to turn a shaftB. vapor rather than gas is used to turn a shaftC. the former uses gas to turn a shaftD. the latter uses gas to turn a shaft注：燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)區(qū)別于汽輪機(jī)在于前者使用燃?xì)馊ナ馆S轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，故選C。17. A diesel engine which is rated for norm

16、al operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 rpm, iscommonly classed as a.A. slow-speed dieselB. medium-speed dieselD. high-speed dieselD. constant-speed diesel注：曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速800轉(zhuǎn)/分以額定功率正常運(yùn)行的柴油機(jī)稱為中速柴油機(jī)，故選B。18. is an opening for supplying seawater to condensers, pumps, etc. located in the hullbelow the waterline

17、 and having means for the attachment of associated piping.A. Sea chestB. ScupperC. ScuttleD. Sea port注：海底門(mén)是向冷凝器、泵等供應(yīng)海水的進(jìn)口，位于水線下方的船殼處，可用于連接相應(yīng)的管路，故選A。 scupper排水口， scuttle天窗。19. A ship designed for carrying goods requiring refrigeration is called.A. reeferB. ro/ro shipC. containerD. tanker注：設(shè)計(jì)用于運(yùn)輸冷藏物品的

18、船舶是冷藏船，選A.Ro/Ro ship滾裝船。20. The depth of the ship below waterline measured vertically to the lowest part of the hull iscalled.A. trimB. leanC. draftD. tonnage注：船舶水線以下垂直到船殼最低點(diǎn)的深度稱為吃水線，故選c。21. Which of the terms listed below represents the operational speed at which excessive engine vibration is creat

19、ed?A. Non-harmonic speed.B. Critical speed.C. Maximum speed.D. Design maximum speed.注：臨界速度代表發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)過(guò)度振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度，故選B。22. Which of the devices listed is installed on a diesel engine to isolate some of the crankshaft vibrations caused by rotational and reciprocating forces?A. Planetary gear setB. Torsional

20、vibration damper .C. Friction clutch.D. Air bladder clutch.注：裝在柴油機(jī)的振減振器用來(lái)隔離由回轉(zhuǎn)和往復(fù)作用力所產(chǎn)生的部分曲軸振動(dòng)，選B。Planetary gear行星輪。23. diesel engine electric starting motors generally require heavier duty motors and operate athigher voltages than comparable starting motors for gasoline engines due to_A. higher spe

21、ed requiredB. flywheel-effectC. lower starting temperaturesD. higher compression pressures注：因?yàn)橐叩膲嚎s壓力，柴油機(jī)電起動(dòng)馬達(dá)與類似的汽油機(jī)的起動(dòng)馬達(dá)相比，要有更大的功率和更高的電壓，故選D。24. Some medium and high-speed diesel engines require reduction gear units to provide a usefulpropeller speed. In most reduction gears ， the bull gear._A. m

22、ust churn the oil in the sumpB. is connected to the propeller shaftC. is driven at the highest rpmD. compensates for alignment variations between the engine and pinion gear注：中高速柴油機(jī)需要減速裝置來(lái)提供一個(gè)可用（有效）的螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)速。大多數(shù)減速裝置，大齒輪與螺旋槳軸連在一起，故選B。 bull gear大齒輪。25. When used with reversing reduction gears, medium-spee

23、d diesel engines should be boltedto their foundations with fitted bolts at the drive end and clearance (loosely fitted) bolts inother locations . This is done to.A. maintain alignment when the ship's hull is working in heavy seasB. ensure engine vibrations correspond to the natural frequency of

24、the hullC. permit the engine to expand away from the driven equipment as the engine heats up and expandsD. maintain engine thrust bearing clearances注：當(dāng)與倒車減速裝置一起使用時(shí)，中速柴油機(jī)應(yīng)該在傳動(dòng)端用裝配螺栓與底座連在一起，而在其它地方則用間隙螺栓固定，這樣可使柴油機(jī)熱膨脹時(shí)留有膨脹余地，故選C26. When transmitted by a reduction gear, diesel engine speed is reduced and

25、 the torque available for work .A. remains the same B. is reducedC. is increasedD. is eliminated注：通過(guò)減速裝置，柴油機(jī)速度降低，扭矩增加，故選c。27. Which of the following statements is correct concerning available astern power for diesel main propulsion systems?A. Astern power is to be provided in a sufficient amount to

26、secure proper control of the ship in all normal circumstances.B. The astern power of the main propelling machinery is to provide for continuous operation astern at 60% of the ahead rpm at rated speed.C. For main propulsion systems without reversing gears ， controllable pitch propellers or electric p

27、ropulsion drive, running astern is not to lead to overload conditions.D. Astern power available will be equal to ahead power when controllable pitch propellers are utilized, thus discounting the need for increased operating parameters.注：倒車功率必須能提供足夠的功率確保在各種正常情況下能夠?qū)Υ斑M(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)目刂?，故選A。28. When two medium sp

28、eed diesel engines coupled in parallel to a common propeller shaft that operates at the same speed as the engines ， which of the operating conditions listed will apply?A. Full horsepower is available ahead and astern.B. One engine must be running ahead and the other astern.C. Full reversing torque i

29、s not available.D. Mechanical reduction gearing is required.注：當(dāng)兩臺(tái)中速柴油機(jī)并排連接到同速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的普通螺旋槳軸上，需要機(jī)械減速裝置，故選D。29. The abbreviation "M/E" is used to represent the .A. measure equipmentB. main electricalC. my engineD. main engine注：M/E是主機(jī)的縮寫(xiě)，故選D。30. _ are increasingly used as main engine on merchant v

30、essels ， because they have a high Hp/Weight ratio.A. Slow speed diesel enginesB. Medium-speed diesel enginesC. Steam enginesD. Gasoline engines注：中速柴油機(jī)越來(lái)越多地被用于商船，因?yàn)樗鼈兊墓β?重量大，故選B。31. Propulsion of the vast majority of contemporary merchant ships ( especially containershipsand VLCCs) utilizesas prime m

31、over.A. gas turbineB. diesel engineC.steam engineD. gasoline engine注：當(dāng)前多數(shù)商船的動(dòng)力裝置尤其是集裝箱船和超大型船使用柴油機(jī)作為原動(dòng)力，故選B。32. Typical marine propulsion plants include -directly coupled to the vessel's single large-diameter, fixed-pitch propeller.A. a single, long-stroke, slow-speed, turbocharged, two-stroke di

32、esel engineB. a single, long-stroke, medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engine C. two medium-speed ， turbocharged ， four-stroke diesel enginesD.a variable-speed a. c. generator注：典型的船用動(dòng)力裝置包括單臺(tái)低速、長(zhǎng)沖程、渦輪增壓二沖程柴油機(jī)，故選B。33. Withthe engine need not to be aligned with reduction gears or propeller

33、 shaft.A. Diesel engine propulsionB. Diesel electric propulsion.C. Steam engine propulsionD. Gas turbine propulsion注：采用柴油電力推進(jìn)裝置，柴油機(jī)不需要與減速裝置或螺旋槳軸對(duì)中，故選B。34. Diesel engines instead of steam engines were used as main engine on board ships is mainlybecause_A. they have a high mechanical efficiency B. the

34、y have a high thermal efficiencyC. they are more reliableD. they have a large volume注：柴油機(jī)替代汽輪機(jī)用作船舶的主機(jī)主要是因?yàn)樗鼈冇懈叩臒嵝?，故選B。35. When a ship in loaded condition floats at arbitrary water line, its displacement is_tothe relevant mass of water displaced by the ship.A. equalB. largerC. smallerD. equivalent注：

35、當(dāng)一條載有貨物的船在任何吃水線時(shí)，她的排水量等于載貨船舶的總重量，故選A。36. The displacement of a ship is to the total weight ， all told ， of the relevant loaded ship.A. largerB. equalC. smallerD. equivalent注：船舶的排水量等于人們所說(shuō)的載貨船舶的總重量，故選B。37. Which one is not true?A. Two main areas of skill are involved in the construction of ship.B. The

36、re are distinct divisions in responsibilities between naval architects and marine engineers.C. Each ship will assume varying proportions according to its type.D. Ships can be divided into different categories from different perspectives. 注：造船工程師和輪機(jī)員在職責(zé)上有明確的區(qū)別，故選B。38. Why a gearbox is needed in a shi

37、p driven by a medium-speed diesel engine?A. To reduce the main engine speed.B. To increase the main engine speed.C. To govern the main engine speed.D. To fix the propeller shaft.注：中速柴油機(jī)的齒輪箱是用來(lái)固定螺旋槳軸的，故選D。39. A propeller, in order to operate efficiently, must rotate at a relativelyspeed.A. highB. low

38、C, fastD. lowly注：螺旋楽旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)低速才高效，故選B。Lesson 2 How Does a Marine Diesel Engine Work (船用柴油機(jī)是如何工作的）40. arrangements have low temperature air and high temperature exhaust gas passingthrough adjacent ports ， causing temperature differential problems for the liner material.A. Loop scavenge B. Cross scavenge C

39、. Uniflow scavenge D. Supercharge 注：回流掃氣布置有低溫的進(jìn)氣和高溫的排氣通過(guò)鄰近的氣口，會(huì)對(duì)缸套材料產(chǎn)生溫差問(wèn)題。Loop scavenge (回流掃氣)Cross scavenge (橫流掃氣)Uniflow scavenge (直流掃氣）Supercharge (增壓）。按題意，選A。41. scavenge means both exhaust ports and scavenge ports are arranged to the same side.A. UniflowB. CrossC. LoopD. Straight注：回流掃氣意思是掃氣口和排

40、氣口都布置在同一側(cè)，故選c。42. tappet clearance will cause the exhaust valve to open early and close late in cycleand will increase its maximum lift.A. Excessive B. Insufficient C. Correct D. None of the above注：排氣閥挺桿間隙過(guò)小將引起其在循環(huán)中早開(kāi)遲關(guān)并增加其升程（A是間隙過(guò)大，C是間隙適當(dāng)），故選B。 tappet clearance挺桿間隙。43. tappet clearance will cause t

41、he exhaust valve to open late and close early in cycle and will reduce its maximum lift.A. CorrectB. InsufficientC. ExcessiveD. None of the above注：排氣閥挺桿間隙過(guò)大將引起其在循環(huán)中遲開(kāi)早關(guān)并減少其升程，（與上題比較）故 選C.44. _ the cylinder will contain a great weight of air and will be capable of burning a great quantity of fuel.A.

42、At the end beginning of the compression strokeB. At the beginning of the suction strokeC. At the end of the working strokeD. At the end of the exhaust stroke注：在壓縮行程初，氣缸內(nèi)將容納了大量的空氣，并能燃燒大量的燃油，選A。45. _ the supercharge pressure is, _ power an engine develops.A. The higher ； the moreB. Higher ； moreC. Hig

43、her ； littleD. The higher ； the less注：增壓壓力越大，柴油機(jī)輸出功率越大，故選A。46. usually helps to induce air movement to assist combustion.A. Cylinder coverB, Main bearingC. The exhaust valveD. The piston movement注：活塞的運(yùn)動(dòng)有助于空氣在氣缸中流動(dòng)，以利燃燒，故選D。47. A charge of fresh air is drawn into the engine cylinder and thenby the mo

44、ving pistonvery high pressure.A. pressed ； toB. pressurized ； with C. pushed ； inD. compressed ； to注：新鮮空氣被吸入到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸內(nèi)，然后被運(yùn)動(dòng)的活塞壓縮到很高的壓力，故選D。48. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no_.A. cross-headB. cylinderC. connecting rod D. spark plug注：柴油機(jī)與汽油機(jī)類似，但是無(wú)火花塞，故選D。 e

45、xcept that除去一點(diǎn)之外。49. A low speed engine requiresreduction gearbox _ it and propeller.A. none ； bothB. no ； bothC. none ； between D. no ； between注：低速發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)用作主推進(jìn)裝置時(shí)，不需要減速齒輪箱（介于發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和螺旋槳之間）， 選D。50. A reduction in load on a diesel engine results inof speed of the crankshaftA. a reductionB. an increaseC. an o

46、utingD. a downwards注：柴油機(jī)負(fù)荷減少會(huì)導(dǎo)致曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速上升，選B。51. An increase in load on a diesel engine results inof speed of the crankshaft.A. a reductionB. an increaseC, an outingD. a downwards注：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致曲軸轉(zhuǎn)速下降，選A。52. An indicator diagram is a pressure-volume graph taken from the pressure in the_of aworking engine.A

47、. cran B. fuel pump C. scavenge trunk D. cylinder注：示功圖可以用來(lái)表達(dá)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)某個(gè)缸內(nèi)壓力與體積的關(guān)系，選D。53. As a heat engine ， energy is the source of power by which the diesel engine can beoperated.A. electricB. heatC. mechanicalD. exhaust注：柴油機(jī)作為熱機(jī)，熱能是其功率的來(lái)源，故選B。54. At leastcylinders in a two-stroke engine will be confi

48、gured to ensure that the enginecan be started with the crankshaft at whatever position.A. 6B. 12C.4D. 8注：二沖程柴油機(jī)要能正常工作至少需要4個(gè)氣缸，故選C。55. At leastcylinders in four-stroke engine will be configured to ensure that the enginecan be started with the crankshaft at whatever position.A. 6B.2C. 12D. 8注：四沖程柴油機(jī)要能

49、正常工作至少需要6個(gè)氣缸，故選A。56. Charging-air pressure increases if there is incorrect combustion and drop in the_ofthe diesel engine.A. machine efficiencyB. machinery efficiencyC. mechanical efficiencyD. mechanics efficiency注：如果柴油機(jī)燃燒不良，機(jī)械效率下降，進(jìn)氣空氣壓力就會(huì)提高，故選C。57. Diesel engines are started by supplyinginto the c

50、ylinders in the appropriate se-quence for the required direction.A. cooling waterB. compressing air C. compressed air D. cylinder oil注：柴油機(jī)的起動(dòng)是通過(guò)按所需要的方向以合適的順序向氣缸通人壓縮空氣來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。壓縮空氣是被壓縮的空氣，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞，故選c。58. Diesel engines are started by supplyinginto the cylinders in the appropriate se-quence for the requir

51、ed direction.A. fuel oilB. diesel oilC. compressed air D. jacket water注：柴油機(jī)的起動(dòng)是通過(guò)按所需要的方向以合適的順序向氣缸通入壓縮空氣來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的， (見(jiàn)上題）故選C。59. Due to action of pistons some relative motion between parts in contact in the coolantsupply and return system must occur.A. reciprocatingB. rotatingC. runningD. removing注：由于活塞的往復(fù)

52、運(yùn)動(dòng)，與冷卻劑供應(yīng)及返回管路接觸的部件之間的某種相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)必然發(fā)生，故選A。60. During the suction stroke ， the piston is moving_.A. inwardsB. outwardsC. downwardsD. upwards注：吸氣沖程期間，活塞下行，故選C。61. During working, when the piston is near the， the air ignites the fine spray of fuel.A. TDCB. DTCC. BDCD. BCD注：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)工作時(shí)，當(dāng)活塞接近上止點(diǎn)時(shí)，空氣便點(diǎn)燃細(xì)霧狀的燃油，（TDC是

53、上止點(diǎn)， BDC是下止點(diǎn)。）故選A。62. Enginerefers to the relative time of position of crank ， at which each operation dur-ing the cycle is commenced and is completed.A. timingB. deviationC. firing orderD. phase注：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的定時(shí)指的是曲拐位置的相對(duì)時(shí)間，在此定時(shí)下，循環(huán)的每個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始和完成，故選A。63. Enginerefers to the relative time of position of crank ，

54、at which each operation dur-ing the cycle is commenced and is completed.A. timingB. powerC. firing orderD. dead center注：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的定時(shí)指的是曲拐位置的相對(duì)時(shí)間，在此定時(shí)下，循環(huán)的每個(gè)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始和完成，（見(jiàn)上題）故選A。64. Exhaust temperature increases in all cylinders ， the possible cause may be_.I increased scavenging air temperature II air in fuel

55、 pumps and fuel valves III fouling of air and gas passages.A. I + IIB. I + IIIC. II + IIID. I + II + III注：所有氣缸的排溫上升，可能原因有：掃氣空氣溫度過(guò)高，空氣和廢氣通道污垢，噴油泵和油頭存在空氣往往會(huì)造成噴油延時(shí)，故選B。65. For a diesel engine, when the piston is at the_. the cylinder volume is the largest.A. TDC B. DTC C. BDC D. DBC注：當(dāng)活塞處于下止點(diǎn)時(shí)，活塞和氣缸構(gòu)成的

56、容積最大，故選C。66. For an ordinary four-stroke diesel engine the exhaust valves close_.A. after TDCB. before TDCC. after BDCD. before BDC注：對(duì)于四沖程機(jī)，排氣閥往往在上止點(diǎn)之后關(guān)閉，故選A。67. For an ordinary four-stroke engine the exhaust valves open_.A. after TDCB. before TDCC. after BDCD. before BDC注：對(duì)于四沖程機(jī)，排氣閥往往在下止點(diǎn)之前打開(kāi)。可參考四沖程機(jī)的定時(shí)圓圖分析，故選D。68. For an ordinary four-stroke engine the inlet valves open_.A. after TDCB. before TDCC. after BDCD. before BDC注：對(duì)于四沖程機(jī)，進(jìn)氣閥往往在上止點(diǎn)之前打開(kāi)，故選B。69. For an ordinary modem marine four-stroke engine the inlet valves close _.A. after TDCB. before TDCC. after BDCD. bef