英語翻譯練習(xí)每天一練

1、1,原文：Scarcely four weeks have passed since the close of the Exhibition, some wares still stand unpacked in the deserted halls of the Hyde Park building, and already public attention has turned away from this “world-renowned event” toward other, perhaps more gripping events close at hand. None of the

2、 enthusiastic newspaper correspondents who on the opening day of the “world market” proclaimed the inauguration of a new era any longer voice their opinion on the subject. Yet the stimulation the event has left behind still ferments in the pensive minds and aspiring hearts of thousands. The far-reac

3、hing consequences of this impulse cannot be measured.距博覽會(huì)結(jié)束已快有四周了，仍有一些未拆包的展品擱置在海德公園這座建筑空蕩的大廳里，然而公眾的注意力已經(jīng)由這件“舉世矚目”的事件移至它處，移至或許是某些即將到來的更加吸引人的事件。那些熱情高漲的新聞?dòng)浾?，他們曾在這個(gè)“世界大市場”開張那天聲稱這一開幕式是一個(gè)新紀(jì)元，而現(xiàn)在在這一問題上卻都緘默無言。然而該事件刺激的余波還在繼續(xù)激動(dòng)著成千上萬多思的大腦，鼓舞著人們的心靈。這一推動(dòng)所引發(fā)的意義深遠(yuǎn)的結(jié)果是無法估量的。2,One may, if one wishes, consider the le

4、gend of the Babylonian confusion of tongues as the mythical gown of an early historical perception of international law, and the disorder it describes as the start of a more natural order.Likewise, a kind of Babel will be induced by the building of 1851, to which the people of the world brought thei

5、r products. This apparent confusion, however, is nothing more than the clear manifestation of certain anomalies within existing social conditions, whose cause and effects up to now could not be seen by the world so generally and so distinctly.文章中多次提到了“1851年”和“博覽會(huì)”其實(shí)是指1851年在英國倫敦海德公園舉辦的第一屆“世界博覽會(huì)”就是極負(fù)盛

6、名的“水晶宮”世博會(huì)該屆博覽會(huì)上展出了來自各個(gè)國家的工業(yè)和手工業(yè)產(chǎn)品。但是歐洲國家由于受到工業(yè)革命的影響，所展出的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品在風(fēng)格上采用都是一種過度裝飾和繁瑣的“歷史折衷”風(fēng)格，（有關(guān)這種風(fēng)格，大家可以去看一下故宮的鐘表館：）那里有許多當(dāng)時(shí)歐洲的鐘表藏品，都是這種風(fēng)格。）這種情況引起了當(dāng)時(shí)歐洲社會(huì)許多有思想的社會(huì)學(xué)家、美學(xué)家和思想家們的思考，他們認(rèn)為，工業(yè)產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)到了一個(gè)非變革不可的時(shí)代，也就是這場由世博會(huì)引起的大討論，直接地導(dǎo)致了后來的“工藝美術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)”和間接地催生了“現(xiàn)代工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)”。這里給大家解釋一下“巴比倫口音之亂”：這是根據(jù)圣經(jīng)記載：古巴比倫人在巴比倫建造高塔，想要一直通到天上去，神看了以

7、后，就把他們的口音變亂，使得他們彼此語言不通，這樣，通天塔也就沒能建造成功只要有愿望，就會(huì)有可能。將巴比倫口音之亂的傳說看作是一件對國際法律早期歷史理解的神話外衣，口音之亂被描述為一種更自然的法則的開端。同樣，另一種意義上的巴別塔將由1851年的建筑促成，在這建筑里，全世界的人們都帶來了他們的產(chǎn)品。然而，這顯而易見的混亂，只不過是現(xiàn)有社會(huì)條件下必然存在的不規(guī)則性的清晰呈現(xiàn)。這種不規(guī)則的成因及結(jié)果迄今為止還未能被世人廣泛并清楚地認(rèn)知。3,原文：Herein will lie the most important meaning of the undertaking. Were the world

8、 not fully occupied with its internal contradictions, exernal restraints (whatever they may be) would surely be unable to impede its development.The shackles would fall by themselves if the urge that drives the present became more generally aware of its aim.這里我將展開有關(guān)這一事件最重要意義的敘述。當(dāng)世界還沒有完全被它的內(nèi)部矛盾占據(jù)時(shí)，外部

9、制約（無論這制約是什么）肯定無法阻止它的發(fā)展。如果人們對某種能夠驅(qū)動(dòng)現(xiàn)實(shí)的迫切愿望的目標(biāo)能夠有種更普遍的意識(shí)，這種桎梏將會(huì)自行脫落。4,原文：To achieve this important result should be the duty of every true believer whose profession, whatever it is, enables him to contribute from his vantage point. If he comprehends his sphere of influence and strives to give its gene

10、ral movement a direction he deems better, then truth and progress will gain. It matters not whether he is right or wrong in the particulars, for in both cases he prepares the material for revision and deeper insights and for the answer to those more general, cultural-philosophical questions that are

11、 the actual theme and that justify having set in motion such powerful and costly meansIt matters not whether he is right or wrong in the particulars(到這里是一個(gè)意群：在細(xì)節(jié)上，無論他是對是錯(cuò)), for in both cases he prepares the material(到這里是又一個(gè)意群：因?yàn)闊o論對錯(cuò)，他都是在準(zhǔn)備著材料) for (這個(gè)FOR是說明這些材料的用途) revision（第一個(gè)用途） and deeper insight

12、s（第二個(gè)用途） and for the answer（第三個(gè)用途） to those more general, cultural-philosophical questions （修飾第三個(gè)用途，說這第三個(gè)用途是準(zhǔn)備回答那些更全面的文化哲學(xué)問題所需要的答案）that are the actual theme（修飾cultural-philosophical questions，說這個(gè)文化哲學(xué)問題才是真正的主題）and that justify having set in motion such powerful and costly means.（還是修飾cultural-philosop

13、hical questions:這些文化哲學(xué)問題能夠證明我們采取如此有力和代價(jià)高昂的行動(dòng)是必要的。 ）達(dá)成這一重大目標(biāo)應(yīng)該成為每一位虔誠信徒的責(zé)任，無論他的職業(yè)是什么，使他能夠從他的專長中有所貢獻(xiàn)。如果他對他的影響能力有所知，并且在他認(rèn)為是更好的方向上將這能力來一次全盤調(diào)動(dòng)，那么我們的社會(huì)將變得更加真實(shí)和進(jìn)步。在細(xì)節(jié)上，無論他是對的還是錯(cuò)的，因?yàn)闊o論對錯(cuò)，他都是在準(zhǔn)備著材料，這些材料將用于他矯正過失、得到更深刻的洞察力，以及回答那些更全面的文化哲學(xué)問題。這些文化哲學(xué)問題才是真正的主題，而且，這些文化哲學(xué)問題能夠證明我們采取如此有力和代價(jià)高昂的行動(dòng)是必要的。5,原文：It is with thi

14、s view that a professional man ventures to take up one of those problems that the present offers,one that falls within the scope of his experience and upon which he was in the habit of reflecting during his frequent visits to the Exhibition.Around the time of the opening of the Industrial Exhibition

15、, I had the idea of presenting in a series of articles a comparative survey of its contents and searched for a scheme to follow. There were three possibilities.參考答案：我懷有這種觀點(diǎn)：一個(gè)專業(yè)人士冒險(xiǎn)面對一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)提交給他的問題，一個(gè)在他經(jīng)驗(yàn)范圍內(nèi)的問題，并且基于這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在他頻繁出入博覽會(huì)期間，他會(huì)作一種習(xí)慣的性思考。在工業(yè)博覽會(huì)開幕之際，我有一種想法，我想在一系列文章里，將博鑒會(huì)的展品作一番比較調(diào)查，而且我制定了一個(gè)可被遵循的計(jì)劃。

16、這里有三種方法。It is with this view that（從句，應(yīng)該不用多說了） a professional man ventures to take up one of those problems（這里是一個(gè)意群：一個(gè)專業(yè)人士冒險(xiǎn)面對一個(gè)問題，一個(gè)什么樣的問題呢？看后面） that the present offers（修飾problems，是現(xiàn)實(shí)提交給他的問題）,one that falls within the scope of his experience（還是修飾problems，一個(gè)在他經(jīng)驗(yàn)范圍內(nèi)的問題） and upon which（這后面的從句是修飾experie

17、nce） he was in the habit of reflecting during his frequent visits to the Exhibition.（基于這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在他頻繁出入博覽會(huì)期間，他會(huì)作一種習(xí)慣的性思考）Around the time of the opening of the Industrial Exhibition（這不用多說了：在工業(yè)博覽會(huì)開幕之際）, I had the idea（說他有了個(gè)想法，是什么想法呢？請看OF后面） of presenting in a series of articles（在一系列文章里表現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)些什么呢？再看后面） a com

18、parative survey of its（這個(gè)its指代Exhibition） contents（是說的“展覽內(nèi)容”，也就是“展品”吧，到這里，這“想法”總算解釋完了） and searched for a scheme to follow（這個(gè)searched for是和had the idea并列的層次，是說他制定了一個(gè)可被遵循的計(jì)劃）. There were three possibilities.1、jipinzhiyin同學(xué)提出的：“It is with this view that a professional man ventures to take up one of th

19、ose problems 是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。真正的語序是A professional man ventures to take up one of those problems withthis view.強(qiáng)調(diào)正是由于持這種觀點(diǎn)，他才試圖解決那問題”。答：確實(shí)如此！是說那個(gè)專業(yè)人士用“這種觀點(diǎn)”來面對問題。2、有關(guān)那個(gè)“upon which”倒底是修飾哪一個(gè)問題的問題。答：如果按照原句的結(jié)構(gòu)，是修飾“problems”的，因?yàn)椤皍pon which”與“one that falls within the scope of his experience”中間的連接詞是“AND”所以應(yīng)該是一種并列的關(guān)

20、系。但是這樣的話，意思又不通順。按照意思來看，應(yīng)該是修飾“experience”的，但是如果是這樣，那么連接詞就不應(yīng)該用“AND”，而應(yīng)該用個(gè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)“，”6,原文：The first and simplest was to wander through the whole building from end to end and describe the products of the various nations one after the other. This plan smacked too much of a guidebook.The second possibility was

21、implied by the appointment of the so-called Head Juries: namely, a classification of objects made by the Royal Commission, by which things were first arranged spatially, then assigned to the departments of the juries. This plan was wisely conceived and is of interest to future undertakings of this k

22、ind. Everything was divided into four main divisions:1. Raw materials,2. Machinery,3. Manufactures,4. Fine art.參考答案:第一種也是最簡單的一種，就是在展覽大廳里面從頭到尾地瀏覽，并且一個(gè)接一個(gè)地描述來自各個(gè)不同國家的產(chǎn)品。這種方式太象是導(dǎo)游手冊了。第二種方法是指，按照指定的所謂“主要評審小組原則”（來介紹展品）：即，一種皇家委員會(huì)指定的展品分類法，首先依據(jù)空間來劃分展品，然后再按照評審委員會(huì)所在部門進(jìn)行分類。這種方式被認(rèn)為是較明智的，并且也有利于將來對類似事件的處理。所有物品被劃分為

23、四類：(1)、 生材料(2)、 機(jī)械(3)、 產(chǎn)品(4)、 藝術(shù)品詞匯知識(shí)a、smack of：是一個(gè)詞組，意思是：帶有.味道；有點(diǎn)象在我們今天的文章里，可能理解為“有點(diǎn)象”比較貼切一點(diǎn)b、Juries：“jury”的復(fù)數(shù)形式，n.律 陪審團(tuán), 評判委員會(huì), 陪審員在我們今天的文章里，應(yīng)該是“評審委員會(huì)”的意思那么，那個(gè)“Head Juries”，我就翻譯成“主要評審小組”c、spatially，按照字面上的意思，應(yīng)該是：空間地, 存在于空間地昨天在和朋友討論時(shí)，也有同學(xué)引伸為“大范圍地”, 我覺得也有一定道理，這里也歡迎大家一起來討論這個(gè)詞匯在翻譯時(shí)的用詞d、Fine art，這是一個(gè)專業(yè)術(shù)

24、語，是指“高級藝術(shù)”，這里有個(gè)相關(guān)背景，就是在過去的歐洲，人們按習(xí)慣于將繪畫、建筑等歸為“高級藝術(shù)”，而將其它諸于陶藝等的應(yīng)用美術(shù)作為“低等藝術(shù)”，這是一種傳統(tǒng)形式下對藝術(shù)品種類的劃分7,原文：However, I also abandoned this plan, because it seemed to me at the time to turn the natural order of things upside down. Strictly considered, it was based as much on external appearances and material fa

25、ctors as the first. Indeed, in an industrial exhibition the products of the applied arts, because they come from the need for nourishment, shelter, protection, the measurement of space and time, and so forth, should serve as the first and most essential items of consideration. Each category must con

26、sist of subdivisions, following the particularities of objects, the materials, and the means used in their fabrication. As a further supplement, a place must be found as well for the raw materials, tools, machines in short, for all the factors of production.參考答案：然而，我還是放棄了這一方式，因?yàn)閷ξ襾碚f，這似乎恰恰將事物的自然順序上下巔

27、倒了。這種分類法是經(jīng)謹(jǐn)慎考慮的，它盡可能首先考慮展品的外觀及材質(zhì)因素。事實(shí)上，由于實(shí)用藝術(shù)產(chǎn)品來自于對食物、居所、安全以及測量時(shí)間和空間的需求，因此，在工業(yè)博覽會(huì)里，他們應(yīng)該被作為第一服務(wù)對象并作為最基本的項(xiàng)目來考慮。根據(jù)展品的特性、材質(zhì)，以及制作工藝，每一大類都必需進(jìn)行細(xì)分。作為進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充，還應(yīng)該留出放置原材料，工具，機(jī)器總而言之，放置所有生產(chǎn)要素的地方。(1)、However, I also abandoned this plan, because it seemed to me at the time to turn the natural order of things upside

28、down. 主要結(jié)構(gòu)：turn * upside down，upside down adv. 顛倒, 混亂(2)、Indeed, in an industrial exhibition （the products of the applied arts）（全句的主語）, because they come from the need for nourishment, shelter, protection, the measurement of space and time（一直到這里，都是在說明原因）, and so forth（這后面開始說基于那些原因，應(yīng)該怎么做了）, （直到這里，主語還

29、是the products of the applied arts）should serve as the first and most essential items of consideration.8,原文：Thus I reflected and these views seem to have been confirmed by the inconsistencies of the Head Juries. For instance, all glassware items(drinking glasses, mirrors, chandeliers, vases, glass we

30、avings, and glass periwigs) fell into one category because of their common material, although their motives were very different, while other objects related in motive were grouped according to their different materials. Many private exhibitors actually provided very instructive technological surveys

31、 of their industries that corresponded more to my views.參考答案：因此，我進(jìn)行了反思，并且這種方式看起來好象已經(jīng)被“首席評審委員會(huì)原則”中包含的矛盾所證實(shí)。例如，所有的玻璃器皿（酒杯、鏡子、吊燈、花瓶、玻璃織物、玻璃假發(fā)）由于使用了同樣的材質(zhì)而被歸為一類，盡管他們的用途大相徑庭。而其他具有同樣用途的物品卻根據(jù)其不同的材質(zhì)被歸為一類。事實(shí)上，許多私人展覽為其所在行業(yè)的展品分類提供了很好的科學(xué)方法，這些方法更符合我的觀點(diǎn)。(1)、對while other objects related in motive were grouped accor

32、ding to their different materials這一句的理解，我想同學(xué)們的意思都能看明白，但就是不知道該怎么用詞，我也是一樣。不過后來的回貼中yanrabbit666同學(xué)用到了一個(gè)詞“分門別類”，我覺得非常好！他將這句話翻譯為：“而其他具有同樣用途的物品卻根據(jù)其不同的材質(zhì)分門別類.”這樣讀起來邏輯就十分清楚了，這里也非常感謝yanrabbit666同學(xué)：）(2)、lmmwise同學(xué)提出了有關(guān)對industry一詞的理解問題，這里也歡迎大家繼續(xù)討論。我先提供一點(diǎn)原始材料：“industry有一個(gè)明顯的含義，即指將人力組織轉(zhuǎn)化成進(jìn)行貨物商業(yè)性生產(chǎn)和進(jìn)行商業(yè)性服務(wù)的方法，而在有此含

33、義前，這個(gè)詞經(jīng)歷了多次變化。這個(gè)詞來源于拉丁文 industria，意思是“為某種目的而進(jìn)行的勤奮的活動(dòng)”；后來這個(gè)拉丁字發(fā)展成古法語單詞 industrie，其意思是“活動(dòng)性”、“能力”和“一種行業(yè)和職業(yè)”。英文單詞（最早的記載是1475年）原意是“技巧”、“方法”、“勤奮”，也有“一種行業(yè)”之意。隨著產(chǎn)業(yè)革命的開展，越來越多的人力被用于進(jìn)行貨物生產(chǎn)和商業(yè)服務(wù)， industry最新的含義及其較新的意思“有組織的勞動(dòng)或習(xí)慣性的雇傭”變得重要起來，并逐漸成為這個(gè)詞最主要的意思。現(xiàn)在，我們甚至在提到莎士比亞研究時(shí)，就象提及成衣制造業(yè)。不過，“勤勞、勤奮”這層含義仍在使用，也許只要這個(gè)單詞存在，這

34、層含義就不會(huì)消失”9,原文：It was therefore a question of coming up with a plan (at least with a comparative survey) that could be executed with greater consistency, that corresponded better with the idea of an industrial exhibition, that contained a section for each object, and most importantly, better expresse

35、d the intrinsic bonds and thematic relationships of objects, thus offering useful comparisons as well.參考答案：因此，這里有一個(gè)問題，就是制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃（至少是經(jīng)過了一番比較調(diào)查），該計(jì)劃執(zhí)行起來要有更強(qiáng)的連貫性，也更符合工業(yè)博覽會(huì)的思想，這里面每個(gè)物品都有相應(yīng)的展區(qū)，而且最重要的是，它能夠更好地表達(dá)物品內(nèi)在的脈絡(luò)以及主題關(guān)系，從而提供更為有效的對照。p.s.一個(gè)plan，后面三個(gè)that以及最后那個(gè)and most importantly后面跟著的一大串，都是用以說明這個(gè)plan的，理解了這個(gè)

36、也就理解了全句。10,原文：The plan I conceived was architectural and based on the elements of the domestic settlement: hearth, wall, terrace, roof. A fifth main division should comprise the working together of these four elements and embrace high art and, in a symbolic sense, high science. This plan should make

37、 apparent the derivation of objects and forms from their primordial motives and style changes conditioned by circumstances.參考答案：我設(shè)想的計(jì)劃是關(guān)于建筑的，并且基于國內(nèi)住宅要素：壁爐、墻壁、露臺(tái)和屋頂。第五種要素應(yīng)該包括與上述四種要素相關(guān)的方面，其中包括高級藝術(shù)，并且以一種象征性來看，也應(yīng)該包括高科技。這一計(jì)劃應(yīng)該能夠清楚地表明物品的來歷、源于物品原始用途的形式，以及由環(huán)境造成的物品風(fēng)格變化。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：1、A fifth main division should c

38、omprise the working（注意哦？comprise the working是一個(gè)意群，而不是working together在一起） together of these four elements and embrace high art and, in a symbolic sense, high science. 2、This plan should make apparent（使得.變得清晰，后面三個(gè)AND都是說要變得清晰的那個(gè)東西） the derivation of objects and forms from their primordial motives and

39、style changes conditioned by circumstances.本期總結(jié)：a、有好幾個(gè)同學(xué)提出了對于“high science”這個(gè)詞的理解，其實(shí)我在翻譯時(shí)也是不太知道該如何具體表達(dá)，但是，由于這篇文章是1851年前后寫的，那個(gè)時(shí)候英語里好象還沒有“high technology”，這個(gè)詞應(yīng)該是出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)以后的，所以，我就還是翻譯成了“高科技”（對于19世紀(jì)的人來說，估計(jì)汽車就是高科技啦）b、有好幾個(gè)同學(xué)將A fifth main division should comprise the working together of these four elements

40、and embrace high art and這一句翻譯成“第五種要素應(yīng)該包含了由以上四種因素共同作用所形成的一種高級藝術(shù)氛圍”，這里我的理解是：由于elements與embrace 中間的連接詞是AND，所以是一種并例關(guān)系，如果按那樣理解，那這個(gè)連接詞應(yīng)該換成THAT，我是這么認(rèn)為的哈：）11,原文：Yet the critical campaign I pondered did not take place, partly because of external hindrances, but also because of my intervening doubt. In fact,

41、the Head Juries were rather well suited to the most recent cultural viewpoints and interrelationships of human activities. There could have been no other plan devised for the general Industrial Exhibitions of 1851.參考答案然而我所認(rèn)為的關(guān)鍵性措施并未被采取，部分是由于客觀原因，但部分也是由于我在兩者間的猶豫。事實(shí)上，“首席評審委員會(huì)原則”更符合最近的文化觀點(diǎn)以及人類活動(dòng)的相互影響。再

42、也找不到為了1851年這種綜合性工業(yè)博覽會(huì)而設(shè)計(jì)的其它計(jì)劃了。本期句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：1、Yet the critical campaign（這里省略了一個(gè)that） I pondered did not take place, partly because of external hindrances, but also because of my intervening doubt. 2、In fact, the Head Juries were rather well suited to(到這里為一個(gè)意群，是說更符合于什么，具體是什么，請看下面) the most recent cultura

43、l viewpoints（這是第一個(gè)符合的東西） and interrelationships of human activities（這是第二個(gè)符合的東西）.3、There could have been no other plan（這里省略了一個(gè)that）devised for the general Industrial Exhibitions of 1851.本期總結(jié)：1、critical campaign許多同學(xué)們理解為“批評的狂潮”或“關(guān)鍵性的戰(zhàn)役”，這里我根據(jù)上下文，覺得可能還是說作者所說的那種關(guān)鍵性的措施，critical 帶有“關(guān)鍵的”意思，而campaign一詞有一層意思是

44、：An operation or series of operations energetically pursued to accomplish a purpose: 運(yùn)動(dòng)計(jì)劃以期達(dá)到某一目的而采取的一項(xiàng)或一系列積極有力的措施2、intervening doubtintervene：vi.干涉, 干預(yù), 插入, 介入, (指時(shí)間)介于其間 v.干涉我根據(jù)上下文理解，可能是作者對于兩種方案間的猶豫，但也有同學(xué)們理解為“中途的猶豫”，我覺得也有道理，因?yàn)閕ntervene：(指時(shí)間)介于其間。3、general Industrial Exhibitions這里，我將general理解為一種“綜合

45、性”的展覽。12,原文：How long did the inventor of oil painting toil with an old process that no longer satisfied certain purposes before he discovered his new process? Bernard Palissy searched half his life for an opaque enamel for his faience before he finally found what he sought. These men knew how to use

46、 the invention because they needed it, and because they needed it they searched and found it. In this way, gradual progress in science went hand in hand with the mastery and the awareness of how and to what end the invention could be applied.參考答案：在新的方法被發(fā)明以前，“油畫網(wǎng)”的發(fā)明者有多長時(shí)間是在用一種老方法作畫的？這種老方法已經(jīng)不能再滿足某些用途

47、。在Bernard Palissy最終找到一種不透明的釉彩用以制作他的精致彩陶以前，他花費(fèi)了半生時(shí)間來尋找這種物質(zhì)。這些人知道如何應(yīng)用這些發(fā)明，因?yàn)樗麄冃枰@些發(fā)明，也正因?yàn)樗麄冃枰@些發(fā)明，他們不停尋找并最終找到。這樣，科學(xué)的逐步發(fā)展就與對新發(fā)明的掌握以及對如何應(yīng)用和為何種目的去應(yīng)用新發(fā)明的認(rèn)識(shí)結(jié)合在了一起。本期句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：1、How long（問時(shí)間有多長） did the inventor of oil painting toil（“油畫網(wǎng)”的發(fā)明者） with an old process（用一種老方法作畫） that no longer satisfied certain purp

48、oses（這個(gè)從句修飾old process） before he discovered his new process（在他發(fā)明新方法之前）?2、Bernard Palissy searched half his life for（這里的詞組是search for，說這個(gè)人花了半生時(shí)間尋找，找個(gè)什么呢？看后面） an opaque enamel（這就是他要找的東西） for his faience（這個(gè)FOR后面帶出來的是他尋找的目的） before he finally found what he sought.（這個(gè)從句用來說明時(shí)間：在他最終找到之前）3、In this way（固定詞組

49、：這樣）, gradual progress in science（主語） went hand in hand with（go hand in hand with，固定詞組：與.結(jié)合在一起，到底與什么結(jié)合呢？看后面） the mastery（第一個(gè)被結(jié)合的東東） and the awareness（第二個(gè)要結(jié)合的東東） of how and to what end the invention could be applied.（都是對那個(gè)awareness的修飾）。本期總結(jié)：1、toil 首先向大家道個(gè)歉，開始將它看成是名詞了，后來許多同學(xué)幫我指出，的確應(yīng)該是動(dòng)詞，vi.苦干, 跋涉, 費(fèi)力地

50、做。這里謝謝大家了啊！2、the awareness of how and to what end the invention could be applied.有些同學(xué)將 how and to what 理解為一種程度，我想也有一定道理。不過現(xiàn)在根據(jù)大家的翻譯情況來看，好象還是翻譯成“如何應(yīng)用”和“為何種目的而應(yīng)用”的同學(xué)多一點(diǎn)。這里歡迎大家繼續(xù)討論：）13,原文：Necessity was the mother of science. Developing empirically and with youthful spontaneity, science soon drew confid

51、ent deductions on the unknown from the narrow field of acquired knowledge, doubting nothing and creating its world from hypotheses. Later it felt confined by its dependence on application and became an object in itself. It entered the field of doubt and analysis. A craze for classification and nomen

52、clature superceded the ingenious or fanciful systems.參考答案：需求乃科學(xué)之母。憑借著經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)展及其早期的自發(fā)性，科學(xué)很快就從已有知識(shí)的狹隘領(lǐng)域引起一種對未知的自信推斷，不懷疑任何事物，并且從臆測中建立起它自己的世界。后來，科學(xué)感到受限于它在應(yīng)用上的依賴性，進(jìn)而將自己變?yōu)橐环N目標(biāo)?？茖W(xué)進(jìn)入了懷疑與分析的境地。一種對術(shù)語以及分類的狂熱取代了獨(dú)創(chuàng)和想像的體系。本期句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：1、Developing empirically and with youthful spontaneity (這半句有種前提的性質(zhì)), science soon drew

53、confident deductions on the unknown from the narrow field of acquired knowledge, doubting nothing（這里省略的主語是scienc） and creating its（這個(gè)IT還是指代scienc） world from hypotheses.這一句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是：draw A on B from C2、Later it（還是指代scienc） felt confined by its dependence on application and became an object in itself.3、

54、It（還是指代scienc）entered the field of（進(jìn)入一種什么境界） doubt and analysis.4、A craze （一種瘋狂，是什么樣的瘋狂呢？看后面）for classification（第一種瘋狂） and nomenclature（第二種瘋狂） superceded（謂語動(dòng)詞） the ingenious or fanciful systems.（這是被取代的東西）本期總結(jié)：1、發(fā)財(cái)大將軍提出：“Developing /colorempirically and with youthful spontaneity, science soon drew co

55、nfident deductions on the unknown from the narrow field of acquired knowledge, doubting nothing and creating its world from hypotheses 我認(rèn)為紅字部分是三個(gè)并例的，而藍(lán)字表示的是這三個(gè)并例陳述的內(nèi)容所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果所以我將它翻譯成：“隨著經(jīng)驗(yàn)和早期自發(fā)性的發(fā)展，相信一切并且從假設(shè)中創(chuàng)造世界，不久，科學(xué)就獲得了對未知東西充滿自信的推論，這推論是根據(jù)所習(xí)得知識(shí)的那些狹窄領(lǐng)域而來的“ 請你分析一下我的觀點(diǎn)?！蔽沂怯X得，這里三個(gè)“ING”可能還是表明一種時(shí)態(tài)形式，是說科學(xué)正

56、處于Developing、doubting nothing和creating its world的一種狀態(tài)中，如果按照你的分析來理解，那么這三個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該在書寫時(shí)應(yīng)該被放置得更緊密一些，而且，在Developing empirically and with youthful spontaneity, science soon drew confident deductions on the unknown from the narrow field of acquired knowledge這半句里，已經(jīng)能體現(xiàn)出一種邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，而這前半句的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)與后半句的doubting nothing a

57、nd creating its world from hypotheses.也能構(gòu)成一種邏輯，所以，我認(rèn)為按照這種邏輯順序來理解應(yīng)該是可以的。當(dāng)然這只是我自己的觀點(diǎn)，歡迎大家再作探討：）2、science soon drew confident deductions on the unknown from the narrow field of acquired knowledge在翻譯這一句時(shí)，我一開始怎么也想不出恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~來表現(xiàn)那個(gè)“DRAW ON”，而丁丁貓兒w_w用到一個(gè)“演繹”，我覺得非常好，這里我就將這句改成了“科學(xué)很快就從已有知識(shí)的狹隘領(lǐng)域演繹出一種對未知的自信推斷”，這里也謝謝貓

58、兒MM啦，親一個(gè)_14,原文：In the end genius reconquered the vast amount of material collected by research and purely objective investigation was forced to submit to hypothetical inference and to become the latters servant in the procurement of further factual evidence derived from analogies.參考答案：最后，天才們奪回了大量由科研收集來的材料，純粹的客觀調(diào)查被迫服從于假設(shè)的推論并且服務(wù)于后者，用以進(jìn)一步獲取一種來自于類推的實(shí)證。本期句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：In the end genius reconquered the vast amount of material（這里省略了一個(gè)that）collected by research (到這里是一個(gè)意群，后面要交待平行關(guān)系的另一件事了) and purely objective investigation（整個(gè)后半句的主語） was forced to（1）（被迫去干件什么事情，干什么呢？看to1后面） submit（這就是被迫干的事了） to