Unit 5 Terms of Payment

1、Unit 5 Terms of PaymentOverviewnTerms of payment means the way or method of making payment. Methods of Intl Payment 國際支付結(jié)算方式國際支付結(jié)算方式nMethods of Intl Payment nRemittance 匯款nCollection 托收 Clean Collection 光票托收 Documentary Collection跟單托收 D/A & D/P nL/C 信用證n匯付是通過進(jìn)出口商雙方所在地銀行的匯兌業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行結(jié)算，即由匯款人將貨款交所在地銀行，由

2、該銀行委托收款人在所在地銀行轉(zhuǎn)交給收款人。n無論哪種匯付方式，貨運(yùn)單據(jù)都是由出口人自行寄給進(jìn)口人，銀行并不經(jīng)手。Remittance 匯付匯付Draft nDraft is a written, dated, and signed three-party instrument containing an unconditional order by a drawer(出票人） that directs a drawee（受票人/付款人） to pay a definite sum of money to a payee（受款人） on demand or at a specified futu

3、re date. Also known as a Bill of Exchange.是出票人簽發(fā)的，委托付款人在見票時或者在將來可以確定的時間或固定時間無條件支付確定的金額給持票人的票據(jù)。Types of DraftnAccording to the date of payment, draft can be classified:nDraft at sight (即期匯票) nDraft after sight (遠(yuǎn)期匯票)Collection 托收托收nIt means the handling of documents by banks in accordance with instru

4、ctions received, in order to托收指銀行根據(jù)所收到的指示， 處理金融單據(jù)或商業(yè)單據(jù)， 以求: nObtain payment or acceptance 獲得付款及/或承兌nDeliver documents against payment or against acceptance 憑付款及/或承兌交單。n托收指出口方委托銀行委托銀行通過其往來銀行憑一定的單據(jù)向進(jìn)口方收取交易款項(xiàng)的商業(yè)信用商業(yè)信用支付方式。Collection ( (托收托收) )clean collection( (光票托收光票托收) )documentary collection ( (跟單托收

5、跟單托收) )documents against payment ( (D/P) )付款交單付款交單documents againstacceptance ( (D/A) )承兌交單承兌交單CollectionTypes of Collection1. Clean Collection光票托收光票托收nIt means collection of financial documents not accompanied by commercial documents.指不附帶商業(yè)單據(jù)（發(fā)票，提單等）的金融單據(jù)（匯票，支票）的托收。nMainly used for small amount tra

6、nsaction, advance payment（預(yù)付款）, installment payment（分期付款）, etc.2. Documentary Collection 跟單跟單托收托收-銀行受出口商委托，憑銀行受出口商委托，憑匯票匯票、和、和發(fā)票、發(fā)票、提單提單、保險單等商業(yè)單據(jù)向進(jìn)口、保險單等商業(yè)單據(jù)向進(jìn)口商收取貨款的結(jié)算方式，賣方以買方為商收取貨款的結(jié)算方式，賣方以買方為付款人開立匯票，委托銀行代其向買方付款人開立匯票，委托銀行代其向買方收取貨款。收取貨款。Types of CollectionTypes of CollectionnDocuments Against Payme

7、nt, D/P 付款交單付款交單 The collecting bank may release the documents only against immediate payment. It can be classified into D/P At Sight and D/P After Sight. 出口商的交單是以出口商的交單是以進(jìn)口商的付款為條件進(jìn)口商的付款為條件。指出口商將匯票連同商業(yè)單據(jù)委托銀行代收款項(xiàng)時，指示銀行只有在進(jìn)口商付清款項(xiàng)后才能將商業(yè)單據(jù)交給進(jìn)口商。又可分為即期和遠(yuǎn)期付款交單。Types of CollectionnDocuments Against Accepta

8、nce, D/A承兌交單承兌交單)nThe collecting bank may release the documents against the buyers acceptance of a draft, for instance, drawn payable 6080 days after sight or due on a definite date. After acceptance, the buyer(importer) gains possession of the goods before the payment is made. The buyer will make p

9、ayment when the time draft is mature. 出口商的交單是以進(jìn)口商在匯票上承兌為條件出口商的交單是以進(jìn)口商在匯票上承兌為條件。指出口商按照合同規(guī)定裝貨后，開具遠(yuǎn)期匯票連同商業(yè)單據(jù)交當(dāng)?shù)赝惺招?，指示并委托其在進(jìn)口地的與其有和約關(guān)系的代收行向進(jìn)口商作出提示，進(jìn)口商承兌遠(yuǎn)期匯票，便可領(lǐng)取商業(yè)單據(jù)、提取貨物，待遠(yuǎn)期匯票到期時再付清貨款。Characteristics of Collection nCollection is based on commercial credit 托收中出口方能否安全收到貨款，跟銀行無關(guān)。銀行只向進(jìn)出口雙方收取傭金，不提供擔(dān)保和信用。 n對

10、于出口商：承兌交單風(fēng)險最大 ，付款交單風(fēng)險較小。 n對于進(jìn)口商：付款后拿到假貨、次貨 Letter of Credit 信用證信用證nL/C : nA document issued by a bank at the request of an importer. The letter of credit states the bank will pay a specified sum of money to a beneficiary(受益人）, normally the exporter, on presentation of particular, specified documents

11、. 由一家銀行（開證行）在進(jìn)口商（申請人）的要求和提示下開具的文件。該文件規(guī)定銀行要在受益人（通常是出口商）提交規(guī)定的單據(jù)情況下提交規(guī)定的單據(jù)情況下支付規(guī)定數(shù)量的款額。n信用證是一種銀行開立的有條件的承諾付款有條件的承諾付款的書面文件。也即進(jìn)口商在合同中的付款義務(wù)由銀行來承擔(dān)。是一種可靠又安全的支付方式，對買賣雙方都有保障，國際貿(mào)易最常用的支付方法。Letter of Credit 信用證信用證nIt is the usual practice that the letter of credit is to be opened and to reach the sellers 30 days

12、ahead of shipment so as to give the seller enough time to make preparation for shipment, such as making the goods ready and booking shipping space. Beneficiary/Exporter 受益人受益人/出口商出口商Applicant/Importer開證申請人開證申請人/進(jìn)口商進(jìn)口商Issuing bank/ Paying bank開證行開證行/付款行付款行進(jìn)口地銀行進(jìn)口地銀行9通通知知贖贖單單10付付款款1申申請請開開證證2 開出信用證開出信用

13、證7 寄單索匯寄單索匯8 償付償付Notifying/Negotiating bank通知通知/議付行議付行出口地銀行出口地銀行6議議付付3通通知知4 裝船裝船11 提貨提貨 The Procedure of L/C Business5交交單，單，匯匯票票The Procedure of L/C Businessn進(jìn)出口商在貿(mào)易合同中，規(guī)定使用信用證支付方式。n進(jìn)口商向當(dāng)?shù)劂y行要求開立以出口商為受益人的信用證，同時交納押金或其它保證。n開證行根據(jù)申請內(nèi)容，向出口商（受益人）開出信用證，并寄交出口商國家的往來銀行。因進(jìn)口商銀行開立信用證，故被成為開證行。n出口商銀行收到開證行的信用證后將其遞交給

14、出口商。由于該銀行通知出口商領(lǐng)取信用證，故被稱為通知行。The Procedure of L/C Businessn出口商審核信用證與合同相符合后，按照信用證規(guī)定完成裝運(yùn),并備齊各項(xiàng)信用證要求的裝運(yùn)單據(jù)，把匯票和裝運(yùn)單據(jù)遞交通知行（要求議付，議付行按信用證條款審核單據(jù)無誤后，按匯票金額扣除利息，把貨款墊付給出口商。）The Procedure of L/C Businessn通知行將匯票和貨運(yùn)單據(jù)寄開證行（或其指定的付款行）要求支付。n開證行收到匯票及裝運(yùn)單據(jù)后通知進(jìn)口商付款贖單。進(jìn)口商付款并取得貨運(yùn)單據(jù)后，憑此向承運(yùn)人提貨。n開證行把貨款匯給通知行。（通知行收到貨款后交給出口商。）Negot

15、iating bank 議付行n議付-是指由被授權(quán)議付的銀行對匯票/單據(jù)付出對價。如果只審查單據(jù)而不支付對價并不構(gòu)成議付。議付行是準(zhǔn)備向受益人購買信用證下單據(jù)的銀行，一般是出口商所在地銀行。n議付行-是根據(jù)開證行在議付信用證中的授權(quán)，買進(jìn)受益人提交的匯票和單據(jù)的銀行。Negotiating bank 議付行n開證申請人、開證行、受益人是信用證關(guān)系中的主要當(dāng)事人，那么議付行在信用證關(guān)系中的作用是什么呢？根據(jù)信用證流程，受益人備齊所有單據(jù)后，向通知行提交全套單據(jù)，如果通知行不對信用證進(jìn)行議付的話，那么其僅僅是接受單據(jù)并將之轉(zhuǎn)遞開證行。受益人要等到開證行審單完畢，確認(rèn)單證相符，并將信用證金額扣除必要

16、費(fèi)用的凈額付至通知行后，才能從通知行獲取貨款。Negotiating bank 議付行n如果通知行接受開證行邀請，愿意對信用證進(jìn)行議付，就成為議付行。議付行審單確認(rèn)單證相符，便留下單據(jù)，將信用證凈額(信用證金額扣去利息)交付受益人，即議付行實(shí)際是用自己的資金將單據(jù)買下，對受益人提供資金融通。議付行購買受益人的單據(jù)和匯票是建立在開證行保證償付的基礎(chǔ)上。Characteristics of L/CnL/C belongs to bank credit while collection belongs to commercial credit.nL/C is based on the sales c

17、ontract, once opened, it is independent of the sales contract.L/C, D/P and D/An在其他付款方式中，銀行只能做托收和匯付的工作，對進(jìn)口商不付貨款不予負(fù)責(zé)；而在信用證的情況下，開證行以自己的信用為交易墊付貨款。n就賣方的利益來說，L/C比D/P好，D/P at sight 比D/P after sight 好，而付款交單D/P 比承兌交單D/A好。在國際貿(mào)易中，只在進(jìn)口商財務(wù)狀況良好，或過去一系列業(yè)務(wù)中進(jìn)口商付款可靠，從而取得出口商信任，才可以接受托收的支付方式。Irrevocable L/CnIt is a credi

18、t that constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank and can be amended or cancelled by it only on condition that all parties consented.信用證一經(jīng)開出，在有效期內(nèi)未經(jīng)信用證諸當(dāng)事人即受益人（出口商）、開證申請人、及有關(guān)銀行的同意， 開證行或者開證申請人對已開出的信用證不能作片面的修改或者撤銷。n信用證未注明是否可撤銷，視為不可撤銷。Business letters concerning L/CnUrging establishment of

19、L/CnAmendment of L/CnExtension of L/C1. Open the letter in a positive way. In the first paragraph the seller usually informs the buyer that the goods are ready for dispatch or that the shipping space has already been booked. 2. Politely push the buyers to open the L/C without delay, either by referr

20、ing to the stipulations of the contract or by reminding the buyers of the seriousness of not opening the L/C in time.3. Express expectations and ask the buyers to take immediate action.Urging establishment of L/CDear Sirs:We refer to your order MFT 09071 and our S/C No. 3386. The goods under the abo

21、ve-mentioned S/C have been ready for quite some time.According to the S/C, shipment is to be made before May 25. We sent you a fax two days ago asking you to expedite the relevant L/C, but have not received any reply by now.The shipment date is approaching. We must point out that we shall be unable

22、to effect shipment within the stipulated time unless your L/C reaches us before the end of this week.We hope this letter will receive your prompt attention.Yours sincerely,Key words:nexpedite v. 加速（進(jìn)程等）；促進(jìn)（措施等）；迅速處理（事務(wù)）ne.g. Please try your best to expedite the establishment of the relative L/C. Key

23、 words:nstipulation 規(guī)定nThe company fails to pay on the date stipulated in the contract. 該公司沒有按合同中規(guī)定的日期付款。nThe Constitution stipulates that women shall have equal rights with men in voting and being elected. 憲法規(guī)定婦女和男子一樣，有同等的選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)。Urging establishment of L/CDear Sirs,Referring to our contract No. 3

24、84, we have not received any information from you about your L/C which should have reached us before June 2, 2001.We wish to indicate that our goods under the above-mentioned contract have been ready for shipment for quite some time. We have always been waiting for your L/C.Please inform us of what

25、difficulty you have in opening L/C in receipt of this letter.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely, Urging establishment of L/CDear Sir,Referring to the 5,000 pieces of Poplin under our Sales Confirmation No. 518, we wish to call your attention to the fact that the date of deliv

26、ery is drawing near. But up to now, we have not received the covering Letter of Credit. Please do your utmost to expedite its establishment, so that we may execute the order within the prescribed time. For your information, S.S. Peace is due to sail for your port around middle of next month, accordi

27、ng to the shipping company here. If we have your L/C before the end of this month, we might catch that steamer. In order to avoid subsequent amendments, please see to it that the L/C stipulations are in strict conformity with the terms of the contract. We look forward to receiving your favorable res

28、ponse at an early date. Yours faithfully, Key words:nprescribe 規(guī)定nWe refer you to your L/C No. 2003 which prescribes that transshipment is not allowed. 請查閱你方第2003號信用證，該信用證規(guī)定不允許轉(zhuǎn)船。nWe trust you will ship our order within the time prescribed. 我們相信你方會在規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)裝運(yùn)我方訂貨。Key words:nsee to it that 務(wù)必使; 保證使nPle

29、ase see to it that the L/C is timed to reach here before the end of this month.請注意安排使信用證在月內(nèi)到達(dá)這里。nsubsequent 隨后的，后來的nHe confessed to other crimes subsequent to the bank robbery.他供認(rèn)搶劫銀行案后，又坦白了其他罪行。 Key words:nin conformity with 符合，和一致nI went to the place in conformity with your instructions. 依照你的指示我去了

30、那個地方。nWe should act in conformity with the rules. 我們應(yīng)該依照規(guī)定行事。It is essential for the exporter to do so becausea minor difference between the clauses of the L/C and the terms stipulated in the sales contract or sales confirmation , if not discovered or duly amended, may cause the seller much inconven

31、ience because the negotiating bank will refuse to make the payment. There are times when the exporter fails to get the goods ready for the shipment in time or the importer requests that shipment be postponed for one reason or another. Under such circumstances, the exporter will have to ask for exten

32、sion of the expiry date as well as the date of shipment of the L/C.1. Acknowledge receipt of the L/C and thank the buyer for opening it.2. Point out the problem politely and ask the buyer to make the amendment accordingly. Usually, detailed and courteous explanations for such a request should be pro

33、vided. 3. End the letter in a way that encourages thebuyer to take immediate action. Amendment of L/CGentlemen:We have received your letter of credit No. 319, but we noticed it contains the following discrepancies: 1. The commission granted for this transaction should be 3%, but your L/C demands a c

34、ommission of 5%. 2. The shipment should be made during August/September, instead of “on or before 31 August”. Please amend your L/C as soon as possible in order to enable us to effect shipment duly. Yours sincerely,Key words:namendment 改正，改善namendment advice 修改通知書nPlease rush the amendment to the L/

35、C. 請對信用證速做修改。nThat representative brought forth an amendment to the press law. 那位代表提出了一項(xiàng)對新聞法的修正案。 nPlease amend your copy of the contract accordingly. 請將你的合同文本作相應(yīng)的修正。Key words:ndiscrepancy 相差，差異，差別 nThe price tag says $100 and you charged me for $120; how do you explain the discrepancy? 貨物標(biāo)簽上寫的是一百美元

36、，你向我索價一百二十美元，這個差異該怎么解釋？ngrant 同意，承認(rèn)，授予nI grant that your explanation is reasonable. 我承認(rèn)你的解釋是合理的。Amendment of L/CDear Mr. Gray,Your letter of credit no. 2233 issued by the Bank of Barclays has arrived. On examination, we find that transshipment and partial shipment are not allowed.As direct sailings

37、to Liverpool are infrequent, we have to ship via London more often than not. As a result, transshipment may be necessary. With regard to partial shipment, it would speed matters up if we could ship immediately the goods we have in stock instead of waiting for the whole shipment to be completed.With

38、this in mind, we faxed you today, asking for the letter of credit to be amended to read: “partial shipment and transshipment allowed”.We trust this amendment will meet with your approval and you will fax us to that effect without delay. Yours faithfully, Key words:ninfrequent 不頻發(fā)的，不常見的nExplosions, t

39、hough infrequent, are an occupational hazard for coal-miners. 礦井爆炸雖然不常發(fā)生，但卻是煤礦工人職業(yè)中的危險。nvia prep. 由；通過；取道nThe goods will go via Hong Kong.nThe sample you required were sent via airmail.Key words:nin stock 存貨nWe dont have that color in stock. This is the nearest. 我們的現(xiàn)貨中沒有那種顏色-這是最近似的。nto that effect 就

40、意思nWe wrote you last week to the effect that we were inspecting the goods. 上周我們給你去信，大意是說我們正在檢查這批貨物。nWe are faxing you to this effect. 我們按這個意思傳真給你方。信用證的審核內(nèi)容：n信用證的種類與合同一致。n信用證的兩個主要當(dāng)事人，即開證人和受益人的名稱必須準(zhǔn)確無誤。n信用證中的合同號碼是否正確。n信用證是否有效。n信用證金額與合同規(guī)定一致。n付款是即期還是遠(yuǎn)期。信用證的審核內(nèi)容：n信用證有效期，交單期是否充裕。n貨物或商品的說明必須與合同一致。n裝運(yùn)港及目的港必須與合同一致。n有關(guān)保險的規(guī)定應(yīng)與合同一致。n信用證是否存在其它不合理的要求。Extens