大學英語四六級翻譯練習

1、大學英語四六級翻譯練習屠皓民(新浪微博：屠屠老師 / 公共微信：屠屠英語)一、段落翻譯（一）大綱要求及評分標準1. 段落翻譯題型描述翻譯部分測試學生把漢語所承載的信息用英語表達出來的能力，所占分值比例為15%，考試時間30分鐘。翻譯題型為段落漢譯英。翻譯內(nèi)容涉及中國的歷史、文化、經(jīng)濟、社會發(fā)展等。四級長度為140-160個漢字，六級長度為180-200個漢字。 樣卷試題 剪紙(paper cutting)是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史，在明朝和清朝時期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。特別是在春節(jié)和

2、婚慶期間，剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間，以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色，象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙在世界各地很受歡迎，經(jīng)常被用作饋贈外國友人的禮物。Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their

3、homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chine

4、se paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.2. 評分標準及評卷實例第一步：翻譯部分計分方式從原來的語法點給分變成總體評分(global scoring)，也就是閱卷者根據(jù)總體印象給出分數(shù)檔。檔次評分標準13-15分譯文準確表達了原文的意思。用詞貼切，行文流暢，基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。10-12分譯文基本上表達了原文的意思。文字通順、連貫，無重大語言錯誤。7-9分譯文勉強表達了原文的意思。用詞欠準確，語言錯誤相當多，其中有些

5、是嚴重語言錯誤。4-6分譯文僅表達了一小部分原文的意思。用詞不準確，有相當多的嚴重語言錯誤。1-3分譯文支離破碎。除個別詞語或句子，絕大部分文字沒有表達原文意思。2 / 200分未作答，或只有幾個孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關。 第二步：在確定分數(shù)檔之后，閱卷員需要通過對考生翻譯中的語法、用詞以及拼寫錯誤進行量化，然后扣分，最終決定考生的翻譯分數(shù)。檔次評分標準13-15分有2處不明顯的小錯（冠詞、單復數(shù)、時態(tài)、介詞、用詞不貼切等）15分有5處不明顯的小錯（冠詞、單復數(shù)、時態(tài)、介詞、用詞不貼切等）14分有7處不明顯的小錯（冠詞、單復數(shù)、時態(tài)、介詞、用詞不貼切等）13分10-12分有一個嚴重錯句1

6、2分有3處明顯語言錯句11分有4處明顯語言錯誤10分7-9分5個句子正確或基本正確9分4個句子正確或基本正確8分3個句子正確或基本正確7分4-6分內(nèi)容基本表達，有兩個句子正確6分一個句子正確5分沒有一個正確句子，但有三個句子有小錯4分1-3分內(nèi)容基本表達，但所有句子都有錯誤和嚴重錯誤。嚴重錯誤少3分嚴重錯誤多2分嚴重錯誤極多1分0分未作答，或只有幾個孤立的詞，或譯文與原文毫不相關。根據(jù)關鍵詞“創(chuàng)作的翻譯”，不給分。0分3.評卷實例許多人喜歡中餐，在中國，烹飪不僅被視為一種技能，而且也被視為一種藝術。精心準備的中餐既可口又好看。烹飪技藝和配料在中國各地差別很大。但好的烹飪都有一個共同點，總是要考

7、慮到顏色、味道、口感和營養(yǎng)（nutrition）。由于食物對健康至關重要，好的廚師總是努力在谷物、肉類和蔬菜之間取得平衡，所以中餐既美味又健康。（二）翻譯方法與策略“拆分組合+結(jié)構優(yōu)化”【翻譯原文】信息技術（InformationTechnology），正在飛速的發(fā)展，中國公民也越來越重視信息技術，有些學校甚至將信息技術作為必修課程，對這一現(xiàn)象大家持不同觀點。一部分人認為這是沒有必要的，學生就應該學習傳統(tǒng)的課程。另一部分人認為這是應該的，中國就應該與時俱進。不管怎樣，信息技術引起廣大人民的重視是一件好事。第一步：拆分組合1. 讀懂句意、切分斷句2. 抓住主干、再翻支干3. 注意時態(tài)、巧用語態(tài)4

8、. 檢查語法、確保通順第二步：優(yōu)化結(jié)構1. 并列句2. 狀語從句3. 定語從句4. 名詞性從句5. 插入語及邏輯連接【 參考譯文】 Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, Chinese Citizens are putting more emphasis on it. Some schools and universities even make InformationTechnology one of the compulsory courses. People hold different views

9、 on this phenomenon. Some people deem that it is unnecessary to make InformationTechnology a required course in schools. Students should learn traditional curriculum. However, other people think that it should be so, and they hold the attitude that China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it i

10、s a good thing that Information Technology has drawn peoples attention.（三）段落翻譯話題演練1. 基礎練習【練習一】目前，人類的生存環(huán)境正在遭到破壞，美麗的大自然已經(jīng)不那么美麗了。保護野生動物，也就是保護人類自己。我強烈呼吁：不要再捕殺黑猩猩，不要再捕殺野生動物了，讓我們?nèi)祟惗嘁恍┑厍蛏系呐笥眩嘟o我們下一代保留一些野生動物吧! 否則，地球?qū)缭谌祟愂种校祟悓缭谧约菏种??！緟⒖甲g文】At present, mans living environment is being ruined, and beautiful

11、nature is no longer so beautiful. Protection of wild life is protection of man himself. Therefore, I appeal strongly to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animals. Only in this way can our human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future generations. Otherw

12、ise, the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.【練習二】到中國來旅游觀光的人很少不會注意到中國人學習英語的勁頭。公園里有專門的英語角，人們會定期聚在一起操練。馬路上外國游客常常被學習英語的人圍住交談，從天氣到政治，無所不談。各種英語班如雨后春筍在到處出現(xiàn)?！緟⒖甲g文】Few visitors to China will fail to notice the eagerness of the Chinese to learn English. In public parks there are special E

13、nglish corners where learners gather at regular time to practise their spoken English. Foreign visitors are often besieged on streets by English learners who want to talk with them in English about anything from weather to politics. English classes are mushrooming across the land.【練習三】過去50年其實并不是發(fā)明創(chuàng)新

14、的黃金時期。從1900年到1950年，改變?nèi)祟惿畹陌l(fā)明有汽車、飛機、電話、收音機、電視機當然還有核武器和計算機。而近50年來，只有為數(shù)不多的發(fā)明。難道發(fā)明的源泉已經(jīng)枯竭了嗎？答案并非如此。事實上，發(fā)明的新時代剛剛開始?！緟⒖甲g文】Actually the past fifty years was not the golden age of invention and innovation. From 1900 to 1950, human life was transformed by such invention as cars, airplanes, telephones, radios

15、 and television sets, not to mention nuclear weapons and the computer. However, during the recent 50 years only a few inventions have been made. Was the wellspring of invention drying up? Not likely. Indeed, a new age of invention is just beginning. 【練習四】有些人擔心電腦技術的廣泛使用會進一步惡化就業(yè)形勢。但另一種觀點認為盡管這對個人來說會丟掉飯

16、碗，對整個社會來說由于提高了生產(chǎn)率，因而有利于經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。不管對社會影響如何，有一點是肯定的：有技術的人變得越來越吃香，沒技術的人工作越來越難找。【參考譯文】Some people are worrying that the wide use of computer technology will cause further unemployment. Another argument, however, holds that although some individuals will lose their jobs, society as a whole will benefit econ

17、omically through increases in productivity. Whatever effects it will bring on the society, one thing is certain: the technically trained will become ever more valuable while the jobs for the blue-collar population will become less available.【練習五】不管是在一個公司，還是在一個政府里，重大的決定總是個人作出的，而不是集體。我們需要集體的討論，因為可以交流看

18、法和經(jīng)驗。但是集體討論不能代替?zhèn)€人的作用。理由很清楚，如要作出一個重大的決定，集體總是不能對迅速變化的事件作出同樣迅速的反應。【參考譯文】An important decision is always made by individuals not by committees whether it involves a company or a government. We need committees because thats where people could share their opinions and experiences. But they could not repla

19、ce individuals. The reason is obvious: a committee faced with a major decision cant always move as quickly as the events it is trying to respond to.【練習六】上大學給人們提供了在無邊無際的知識海洋里遨游探索的機會。為了豐富多彩的人生，大學生應該充分利用目前讀大學的大好時光。應該意識到上大學決不僅僅意味著得到一個學位，得到一個好的工作。他如果能多學習，不僅僅職位找一份工作，就會終生受益?！緟⒖甲g文】College provides a chance

20、to explore the vast areas of unlimited knowledge. To have a rich full life a college student should make the most of the opportunities at hand. He should realize that going to college means a lot more than earning a degree and securing a good job. If he can explore beyond his immediate career object

21、ives he will enjoy the rest of his life.【練習七】文化是不同國家的人們互相理解的最佳媒體。通過舉辦文化節(jié)，許多中國城市在世界上的知名度提高了。已經(jīng)證明，對促進中國人民和世界其他地方人民之間的交流來說，這是最好的途徑之一。這種交流不僅僅限于文化方面，還擴大到了經(jīng)濟和其他領域。【參考譯文】Culture is the best medium for people of different countries to understand each other. Through culture festivals, many cities in China ha

22、ve raised their prestige in the world. As has been proven that, this is one of the best ways to promote the communication between Chinese people and the people from different parts of the world. This kind of communication is not only confined to culture, but extends to economy and other fields.2. 強化

23、練習手機，是一項偉大的發(fā)明。但很顯然，手機也刷新了人與人的關系。會議室門口通常貼著一條公告：請與會者關閉手機?？墒?，會議室里手機鈴聲仍然響成一片。我們都是普通人，并沒有多少特別重要的事情。盡管如此，我們也不會輕易關掉手機。打開手機象征著我們與這個世界的聯(lián)系。顯然，手機反映出我們的“社交饑渴癥”。(thirst for socialization)The cell phone is a great invention. But obviously, it has altered the relationship among people. There is usually a notice on

24、 the door of the meeting room, which reads, “Please turn off your hand-set.” However, phones ring now and then when the meeting goes on. We are but ordinary people and have few urgencies to tackle with. Nevertheless, we will not switch off our phones easily. Phones-on symbolizes our connecting with

25、this world. Obviously, cell phone has been reflecting our “thirst for socialization”. 在過去20年中，世界上沒有任何一個國家的外貿(mào)發(fā)展速度像中國那么快。日本用了20多年時間才將其外貿(mào)總額翻了一番而中國卻翻了兩番。中國現(xiàn)在已是全球第三大電器生產(chǎn)國，并且正在成為全球電器市場上的主角。中國還是世界上勞動密集型(labor-intensive)產(chǎn)品的主要生產(chǎn)國。Over the last two decades, no country in the world has expanded its foreign tra

26、de as fast as China. Japan took more than 20 years to double its foreign trade, while China, for the same length of time, has quadrupled its foreign trade. Already the worlds third largest producer of electric appliances, China is now playing a major role in the global market of the electric wares.

27、China has also become a major producer of labor-intensive manufactured goods in the world.長城是人類創(chuàng)造的世界奇跡之一。如果你到了中國卻沒去過長城，就想到了巴黎沒有去看看菲爾鐵塔，或者就像到了埃及沒有去看金字塔一樣。人們常說：“不到長城非好漢?！睂嶋H上，長城最初只是一些斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的城墻，直到秦朝統(tǒng)一中國后才將其連城長城。然而，今天我們看到的長城東起山海關，西至嘉峪關大部分都是在明代修建的。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that was c

28、reated by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going to Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.In fact, it began as independent walls

29、 for different states when it was first built, and did not become the Great Wall until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 中國是絲綢的故鄉(xiāng)。商周時期絲綢的生產(chǎn)技術就已發(fā)展到相當高的水平。西漢時張騫通西域，把中原與波斯

30、灣、地中海緊密聯(lián)系起來，開辟了中外交流貿(mào)易的新紀元。從此中國的絲綢以其卓越的品質(zhì)、精美的花色和豐富的文化內(nèi)涵聞名于世，成為中國文化的象征。China is the home of silk. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the Chinese peoples silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled ar

31、ound central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, Chinas silk became well-known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hithert

32、o, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture. 中國新年是中國最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，在中國也被稱為春節(jié)。新年的慶?；顒訌某﹂_始一直延續(xù)到元宵節(jié)，即農(nóng)歷最后一個月的最后一天只新年第一個月的第十五天。各地歡度春節(jié)的習俗和傳統(tǒng)有很大差異，但通常每個家庭都會在除夕夜團聚，一起吃年夜飯。為驅(qū)厄運，迎好運，家家戶戶都會進行大掃除。人們還會在門上粘貼紅色的對聯(lián)，對聯(lián)的主題為健康，發(fā)財和好運。其他的活動還有放鞭炮，探親訪友等。 Chinese New Year, Chinas most important traditional

33、 festival in China, is also known as the Spring Festival. New Years celebration starts on New Years Eve and continues up to the Lantern Festival, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar on the 15th day of the first month of the New Year. Customs and traditions of New Years celebration v

34、ary widely, but usually every family reunites to eat dinner together on New Years Eve. To drive bad luck, and welcome good luck, every household will carry out general cleaning. People will have red couplets pasted on the door, and the themes are about health, wealth and good fortune. Other activiti

35、es include firecrackers, and visiting friends and relatives, and so on.在中國，茶具有非常悠久的歷史，并已形成了中國茶文化。與此同時，茶有益于我們的健康，因此受到許多人的喜愛。中國茶文化博大精深，不但包括物質(zhì)文化層面，還包含深厚的精神文明層次。談到中國的茶葉，可以追溯到古時代，它是從唐代與宋代興盛起來的。從此茶的精神神滲透到了宮廷和社會，深入到中國的詩詞，繪畫，書法，宗教，醫(yī)學。幾千年來，中國積累了大量關于茶葉種植、生產(chǎn)的物質(zhì)文化，而且豐富了有關茶的精神文化。In China, tea has a very long his

36、tory, and Chinese tea culture has been formed. Meanwhile, the tea is good for our health, so loved by many people. Chinese tea culture is broad and profound, includes not only the material and cultural level, but also a deep spiritual level. Chinas tea can be traced back to the ancient times, and ex

37、perienced prosperity in Tang dynasty and the Song dynasty. Tea spirit of God has infiltrated the Palace and the community, reaching out to Chinese poetry, painting, calligraphy, religion, medicine. For thousands of years, China has accumulated a lot of material culture about tea cultivation and prod

38、uction, and also enriches the spiritual culture of tea.京劇是一種傳統(tǒng)的中國戲劇形式。它結(jié)合了音樂，聲樂演唱，啞?。╩ime），舞蹈和雜技（acrobatics）等表現(xiàn)形式。京劇興起于18世紀晚期，并在19世紀中期前得到充分發(fā)展與認可。這種藝術形式在清朝時的宮廷極度流行，并且逐漸被視為中國的文化瑰寶之一。這種藝術形式在臺灣也得以保存，稱作國劇。并且也流傳到諸如美國和日本等其他國家。Peking opera is a form of traditional Chinese drama. It combines music, vocal per

39、formance, mime, dance and acrobatics. It arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. The art form is also preserved in

40、 Taiwan, where it is known as Guoju. It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan.中國是風箏的故鄉(xiāng)。放風箏有益于身體健康，所以，許多國家十分流行放風箏。中國人不僅把放風箏當作有趣的游戲和有益于身體健康的體育活動，也常常把風箏作為裝飾掛在墻上。目前，中國的風箏已經(jīng)遠銷到日本以及東南亞和歐美的許多國家，受到了世界各國人民的歡迎。近年來，山東濰坊每年都要舉行國際風箏節(jié)。China is the birthplace of kites. Because flyin

41、g kites is beneficial to ones health, it is gaining popularity in many countries. The Chinese not only regard it as an interesting game as well as a sport helping keep fit, but also hang kites on the wall for decoration. Chinese kites, which are popular all over the world, are now available for sale

42、 in Japan, Southeast Asia and many countries in Europe and America. In recent years, the annual International Kite Festival has been held in Weifang of Shandong Province. “燈節(jié)”或者叫做“元宵節(jié)”是中國的傳統(tǒng)佳節(jié)，在每年的農(nóng)歷正月十五這一天慶祝。元宵節(jié)的到來也標志著春節(jié)的結(jié)束。元宵節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)可以追溯到西漢時期。根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，在這一天，人們吃元宵，猜字謎并觀看焰火。元宵或者叫做湯圓是元宵節(jié)這一天必吃的食物。元宵這種食物實際上是甜餡“

43、餃子”的一種，用粘糯米和甜的餡料制成。The Lantern Festival, Yuanxiao Jie, is a traditional Chinese festival, which is on the 15th of the first month of the Chinese New Year. The festival marks the end of the celebrations of the Chinese New Year. Chinese started to celebrate the Lantern Festival from the Han Dynasty. A

44、ccording to the tradition, people eat Yuanxiao, guess lantern riddles and watch fireworks on this day. Yuanxiao which is also called Tangyuan is the special food for the Lantern Festival. It is a kind of sweet dumpling, which is made with sticky rice flour filled with sweet stuffing.如果某人說“我喜歡中國菜”，這種

45、說法似乎過于簡單了。其實并不存在所謂的“中國菜”這一簡單的概念。確切地說法應該是喜歡某一種菜系，或者喜歡某一地區(qū)的中國菜。像中國這樣幅員遼闊、歷史悠久而又復雜的國家，千百年來必然會形成具有鮮明地方烹飪特色的區(qū)域性菜系或幫菜。不可避免的差異是由地理位置、氣候條件、交通狀況、人口遷移、海外文化影響等因素所決定的。If you hear someone say “I love Chinese food”, he is taking too much for granted. As a matter of fact, there is no such simple thing as the so-ca

46、lled “Chinese food”. A more accurate statement in this instance should be such that expresses ones preference for a particular Chinese cuisine or a particular regional way of cooking. With a territory as large and history as long and complex as Chinas, it is inevitable that distinct regional differe

47、nces in cuisine have evolved over the course of centuries. Numerous factors are involved in this inevitable distinction: geography, climate, transportation, migration, influence from overseas cultures, etc.作為一種世代相襲的傳統(tǒng)，中國人就餐時圍桌而坐，人人手里都有一碗主食（staple food），炒菜放在桌子中央，大家一起食用。這一古老的風俗習慣反映了食物在中華文明史上的重要地位；占據(jù)餐桌

48、中心位置的是炒菜，而不是鮮花，晚餐的主要話題常常是食物。菜肴的各種色彩和材料搭配，給人以美的享受，共食一碗菜的習俗有助于家庭成員之間的團結(jié)和友誼。當然，在一些衛(wèi)生意識比較強的地方，人們在共食放在餐桌中央的菜肴時，必須使用“公筷”或“公用”湯匙，以防疾病傳染。Traditionally, everyone at the Chinese dining table has his or her own bowl of staple food, while the dishes are placed in the middle of the dinner table to be shared by a

49、ll. This age-old custom is one manifestation of the importance of food in Chinese civilization. It is the cooked dishes, rather than flowers, that serve as centerpieces on a Chinese table; food is frequently the main topic of dinner-time conversation. Variety in the color and texture of the dishes s

50、erves aesthetic ends, while the ritual of sharing the food from the same dish plates is conductive to family togetherness and friendship. In more health-conscious environments, however, only “public” chopsticks and spoons are used to remove food from the plates in the middle of the dinning-table, so

51、 as to prevent any possible spread of diseases.筷子是中餐桌上最有特色的用餐工具。全國各地的筷子大小基本一樣，而用材的種類則各有不同，選材包括竹子、木材、玉石、象牙、塑料、銀、金等。中國人使用筷子的方法很有藝術性，各人有各人的方法，就好像簽名一樣，不盡一致。中國人一般都能隨心所欲地用筷子夾起一粒米、一粒豌豆、一只滑溜溜的蘑菇或海參。對于那些用餐時只會使用刀叉的西方人來說，掌握用筷的方法和技巧開始時難度也許很大，也很有趣，需要很大的耐心，需要用心練習。Chopsticks, or kuaizi, are the most distinctive ea

52、ting tool at the Chinese dining table. Chopsticks, which are roughly uniform in size throughout China, can be made of a variety of materials, including bamboo, wood, jade, ivory, plastic, silver and gold. The way Chinese handle our chopsticks is quite artistic and varied from person to person like o

53、nes signature. An average Chinese can very easily pick up a single tiny grain of rice, or a tiny piece of peas, or a slippery mushroom or sea cucumber. For those Westerners who use only forks and knives for their meals, the mastery of the method and skills for using chopsticks may be quite challengi

54、ng, and amusing, at the beginning. A lot of patience and concentrated practice is required. This is not only very necessary and but also very rewarding if they wish to enjoy a real Chinese dinner.北京是座有三千年歷史的古城。早在公元前十一世紀，北京就是燕國的國都，因此北京有燕京之稱。在以后的幾千年里，北京又成為金、元、明、清各朝的國都。北京是中國的六大古都之一，其他五個是西安、南京、洛陽、開封和杭州。

55、北京是座既古老又年輕的城市，有許多名勝古跡。從故宮、天壇到頤和園，你們可以看到北京保留了許多昔日的風采。Beijing is an ancient city with a history of 3,000 years. As early as the 11th century, B.C., it was the capital of the Kingdom of Yan; thats why Beijing is also known as Yanjing. In the few thousand years afterwards, Beijing again served as the ca

56、pital for the Jin,Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Beijing is one of Chinas six ancient capitals; the other five are Xian，Nanjing, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou. Beijing is a city both old and young, with many places of historical interest and scenic beauty. From the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, and the Summer Palace, you can see that Beijing has retained a lot of color of old Chinese life. 現(xiàn)在大學生的學習壓力相當重。除了大四，他們開始找工作了，其余的學生總是忙于學習，而不愿參加校園團體和俱樂部，不愿參加體育鍛煉和其他課外活動，不愿與他們的朋友玩玩，不愿關心和學習沒有關系的事?？傊麄兙拖褚粋€機器人。壓力大，時間少，功課多?？吹酵瑢嬍依锏娜硕忌蠄D書館去學習，到深夜閉館才回，