計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)key-term chapter 7

1、Key Terms - Chapter 7 access speedMeasures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs.Blu-ray disc (BD)A type of high-definition disc with a capacity of 25 to 50 gigabytes.capacityCapacity is how much data a particular storage medium can hold and another cha

2、racteristic of secondary storage.CD (compact disc)Widely used optical disc format. It holds 650 MB (megabytes) to 1 GB (gigabyte) of data on one side of the CD.CD-R (CD-recordable)Stands for CD-recordable. This optical disc can be written to only once. After that it can be read many times without de

3、terioration but cannot be written on or erased. Used to create custom music CDs and to archive data.CD-ROM (compact discread-only memory)Optical disc that allows data to be read but not recorded. Used to distribute large databases, references, and software application packages.CD-RW (compact discrew

4、riteable)A reusable, optical disc that is not permanently altered when data is recorded. Used to create and edit large multimedia presentations.cloud computingData stored at a server on the Internet and available anywhere the Internet can be accessed.cylinderHard disks store and organize files using

5、 tracks, sectors, and cylinders. A cylinder runs through each track of a stack of platters. Cylinders differentiate files stored on the same track and sector of different platters.densityRefers to how tightly the bits (electromagnetic charges) can be packed next to one another on a floppy disk.disk

6、cachingMethod of improving hard-disk performance by anticipating data needs. Frequently used data is read from the hard disk into memory (cache). When needed, data is then accessed directly from memory, which has a much faster transfer rate than from the hard disk. Increases performance by as much a

7、s 30 percent.DVD (digital versatile disc or digital video disc)Similar to CD-ROMs except that more data can be packed into the same amount of space. DVDdrives can store 4.7 GB to 17 GB on a single DVD disc or 17 times the capacity of CDs.DVD playerAlso known as DVD-ROM drives. See DVD.DVDR

8、 (DVD recordable)A DVD with a write-once format that differs slightly from the format of DVD+R. Typically used to create permanent archives for large amounts of data and to record videos.DVD+R (DVD recordable)A DVD with a write-once format that differs slightly from the format of DVD R. Typically us

9、ed to create permanent archives for large amounts of data and to record videos.DVD-RAM (DVD random-access memory)A high capacity, maximum-performance disc that allows the user to read the information, write over it, and erase the data if necessary. Used like a floppy disk to copy, delete files, and

10、run programs. It has up to 8 times the storage capacity of a CD and also can be used to read CD and DVD formats.DVD-ROM (DVDread-only memory)Used to distribute full-length feature films with theater-quality video and sound. Also known asDVD players. Are read-only.DVD+RW / DVD-RW (DVD rewriteable)Ano

11、ther DVD format to record and erase repeatedly. Able to create and read CD discs along with creating and editing large-scale multimedia presentations.enterprise storage systemUsing mass storage devices, a strategy is designed for organizations to promote efficient and safe use of data across the net

12、works within their organizations.erasable optical discOptical disc on which the disk drive can write information and also erase and rewrite information. Also known as CD-RW or compact disc rewriteable.external hard driveUses the same technology as an internal hard disk but is used primarily to compl

13、ement an internal hard disk by providing additional storage. They are typically connected to a USB or FireWire port on the system unit and are easily removed.file compressionProcess of reducing the storage requirements for a file.file decompressionProcess of expanding a compressed file.file serverDe

14、dicated computer with large storage capacity providing users access to shared folders or fast storage and retrieval of information used in that business.flash driveSee USB drive.flash memory cardA solid-state storage device widely used in notebook computers. Flash memory also is used in a varie

15、ty of specialized input devices to capture and transfer data to desktop computers.hard diskEnclosed disk drive containing one or more metallic disks. Hard disks use magnetic charges to record data and have large storage capacities and fast retrieval times.head crashWhen a read-write head makes conta

16、ct with the hard disks surface or particles on its surface, the disk surface becomes scratched and some or all data is destroyed.hi def (high definition)The next generation of optical disc, which offers increased storage ernal hard diskStorage device consisting of one or more metallic

17、platters sealed inside a container. Internal hard disks are installed inside the system cabinet of a microcomputer. It stores the operating system and major applications like Word.landSee lands and pits.lands and pitsFlat and bumpy areas, respectively, that represent 1s and 0s on the optical di

18、sc surface to be read by a laser.mass storageRefers to the tremendous amount of secondary storage required by large organizations.mass storage devicesDevices such as file servers, RAID systems, tape libraries, optical jukeboxes, and more.mediaMedia are the actual physical material that holds the dat

19、a, such as a floppy disk, which is one of the important characteristics of secondary storage. Singular of media is work attached storage (NAS)Similar to a file server except simpler and less expensive. Widely used for home and small business storage needs.online storageProvide users with s

20、torage space that can be accessed from a Web site.optical discStorage device that can hold over 17 gigabytes of data, which is an equivalent of several million typewritten pages. Lasers are used to record and read data on the disc. The two basic types of optical discs are compact discs (CDs) and dig

21、ital versatile or video discs (DVDs).organizational cloud storageHigh-speed Internet connection to a dedicated remote organizational Internet drive site.pitSee lands and pits.platterRigid metallic disk; multiple platters are stacked one on top of another within a hard disk drive.primary storage

22、Holds data and program instructions for processing data. It also holds processed information before it is output. See memory.RAID systemSeveral inexpensive hard-disk drives connected to improve performance and provide reliable storage.redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAIDs)Groups of

23、inexpensive hard-disk drives related or grouped together using networks and special software. They improve performance by expanding external storage.secondary storagePermanent storage used to preserve programs and data that can be retained after the computer is turned off. These devices include flop

24、py disks, hard disks, magnetic tape, CDs, DVDs, and more.secondary storage deviceThese devices are used to save, backup, and transport files from one location or computer to another. Seesecondary storage.sectorSection shaped like a pie wedge that divides the tracks on a disk.solid-state drive (SSD)Designed to be connected inside a microcomputer system the same way an internal hard disk would be, but contains solid-state memory instead of magnetic disks to store data.solid-state storageA secondary storage device