物流專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯的認(rèn)識(shí)（課堂PPT）

1、.1張京蒲模塊一模塊一.2.3課程介紹課程介紹專業(yè)英語(yǔ)與基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：專業(yè)英語(yǔ)與基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：1.專業(yè)英語(yǔ)是物流員考證課程。專業(yè)英語(yǔ)是物流員考證課程。 側(cè)重物流專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)詞匯、閱讀理解側(cè)重物流專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)詞匯、閱讀理解 題型：選擇題（詞匯漢譯英，英譯漢，閱讀題型：選擇題（詞匯漢譯英，英譯漢，閱讀理解）理解）2.物流從業(yè)人員簡(jiǎn)單商務(wù)溝通（信件、單證物流從業(yè)人員簡(jiǎn)單商務(wù)溝通（信件、單證等）等）.4舉例：客戶郵件通知、海運(yùn)提單舉例：客戶郵件通知、海運(yùn)提單.5小活動(dòng)：學(xué)前自我測(cè)試小活動(dòng)：學(xué)前自我測(cè)試PART ONE Translate from Chinese into English (25) 1.4

2、568 2. 星期一星期一 3.星期六星期六 4. 2009年年 9月月2日日 5. 上午上午7：50 PART TWO Translate into English (52) 1. Please have the goods transported by air. 2. I need ocean rate from Guangzhou to Miami ,USA. Pls quote ASAP（紅色選做（紅色選做).3. Well send vessels to pick up the cargo at Huangpu.4.請(qǐng)留下您的詳細(xì)聯(lián)系方式請(qǐng)留下您的詳細(xì)聯(lián)系方式 .6IF you ge

3、t :12 good PART TWO1.Please have the goods transported by air. 請(qǐng)空運(yùn)此批貨 2 I need ocean rate from Guangzhou to Miami ,USA.Pls quote ASAP.( As Soon As Possible )我需要從廣州到美國(guó)邁阿密的海運(yùn)價(jià)格，請(qǐng)速報(bào)價(jià)。我需要從廣州到美國(guó)邁阿密的海運(yùn)價(jià)格，請(qǐng)速報(bào)價(jià)。3. Well send vessels to pick up the cargo at Huangpu.我們將派船只在黃埔裝運(yùn)。我們將派船只在黃埔裝運(yùn)。4. Can I have your f

4、ull name, address and phone number?.7數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)字 one , two , three , four, five ,six ,seven, eight, nine , ten ,eleven .twelve, thirteen fourteen ,fifteen ,sixteen ,seventeen eighteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty ,forty , fifty ,sixty ,seventy ,ninety, one hundred1，280，532，866one billion, two hundred and eigh

5、ty million, five hundred and thirty-two thousand, eight hundred and sixty-six.8Days of the weekSunday Monday TuesdayWednesday ThursdayFriday Saturday weekdays.9月份英語(yǔ)及縮寫月份英語(yǔ)及縮寫 January Jan. / Jan （一月）（一月）February Feb. / Feb （二月）（二月）March Mar. / Mar （三月）（三月）April Apr. / Apr （四月）（四月）May （五月）（五月）June Jun

6、. / Jun （六月）（六月）July Jul. / Jul （七月）（七月）August /Aug. / Aug （八月）（八月）September Sept. / Sep. / Sep （九月）（九月）October Oct. / Oct （十月）（十月）November Nov. / Nov （十一月）（十一月）December Dec. / Dec （十二月）（十二月）.10 1、物品、物品Article= goods :tikl經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中涉及到實(shí)體流動(dòng)的物質(zhì)資料。經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中涉及到實(shí)體流動(dòng)的物質(zhì)資料。2、物流、物流Logistics ludistiks 3、物流活動(dòng)、物流活動(dòng)Logi

7、stics activityktiviti物流諸功能的實(shí)施與管理過(guò)程。物流諸功能的實(shí)施與管理過(guò)程。4、物流作業(yè)、物流作業(yè)Logistics operation ,prein實(shí)現(xiàn)物流功能時(shí)所進(jìn)行的具體作業(yè)活動(dòng)。實(shí)現(xiàn)物流功能時(shí)所進(jìn)行的具體作業(yè)活動(dòng)。第一節(jié)基本概念術(shù)語(yǔ)第一節(jié)基本概念術(shù)語(yǔ).11 5、物流模數(shù)、物流模數(shù) Logistics modulusmdjuls物流設(shè)施與設(shè)備的尺寸基準(zhǔn)。物流設(shè)施與設(shè)備的尺寸基準(zhǔn)?；靖拍钚g(shù)語(yǔ)基本概念術(shù)語(yǔ)目前目前ISO中央中央秘書處及歐洲秘書處及歐洲各國(guó)基本認(rèn)定各國(guó)基本認(rèn)定600400mm為基礎(chǔ)模數(shù)尺為基礎(chǔ)模數(shù)尺寸寸.122500mm2350mm2300mm1150m

8、mX1150mm2180mm2100mm1050mmX1050mm1200mmX1000mm1100mmX1100mm卡車車廂外壁寬卡車車廂內(nèi)壁寬冷凍車車廂內(nèi)壁寬.13模數(shù)尺寸配合關(guān)系模數(shù)尺寸配合關(guān)系6006001200400400400600400.146、物流技術(shù)、物流技術(shù)Logisticstechnologyteknldi物流活動(dòng)中所采用的物流活動(dòng)中所采用的自然科學(xué)與社會(huì)科學(xué)自然科學(xué)與社會(huì)科學(xué)方面的理論、方法，方面的理論、方法，以及設(shè)以及設(shè)施、設(shè)備、裝施、設(shè)備、裝置與工藝的總稱。置與工藝的總稱。.157、物流成本、物流成本Logistics cost物流活動(dòng)中所消耗的物化勞動(dòng)和活勞動(dòng)的物

9、流活動(dòng)中所消耗的物化勞動(dòng)和活勞動(dòng)的貨幣表現(xiàn)。貨幣表現(xiàn)。8、物流管理、物流管理Logistics management為了以最低的物流成本達(dá)到用戶所滿意的為了以最低的物流成本達(dá)到用戶所滿意的服務(wù)水平，對(duì)物流活動(dòng)進(jìn)行的計(jì)劃、組織、服務(wù)水平，對(duì)物流活動(dòng)進(jìn)行的計(jì)劃、組織、協(xié)調(diào)與控制。協(xié)調(diào)與控制。.16 9物流中心物流中心 logistics center sent10 物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò) logistics network net,w:k基本概念術(shù)語(yǔ)基本概念術(shù)語(yǔ).1711、distribution processing 流通加工流通加工12、packages 包裝包裝13、 standardizatio

10、n 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)14、 containerization 集裝化集裝化15、 transportation 運(yùn)輸運(yùn)輸16、 container 集裝箱集裝箱17、trains火車火車 , truck 卡車卡車 ， ship 輪船輪船18information technologies19、Bar Code條形碼條形碼, POS即時(shí)銷售系統(tǒng)即時(shí)銷售系統(tǒng) , EDI 電子電子數(shù)據(jù)交換，數(shù)據(jù)交換，GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)全球定位系統(tǒng).18成都成都重慶重慶昆明昆明貴州貴州長(zhǎng)沙長(zhǎng)沙武漢武漢南昌南昌南寧南寧?？诤？趶V州廣州安利中國(guó)儲(chǔ)運(yùn)中心韶韶關(guān)關(guān)安利最大的店鋪 -沈陽(yáng)皇姑店華南區(qū)煙臺(tái)鄭州福州青島廈門泉州濟(jì)南南通上海

11、外倉(cāng)上海外倉(cāng)杭州南京蘇州無(wú)錫常州寧波溫州華東區(qū)蘭州蘭州哈爾濱哈爾濱長(zhǎng)春長(zhǎng)春天津天津大連大連石家莊石家莊太原太原西安西安沈陽(yáng)皇姑沈陽(yáng)皇姑沈陽(yáng)和平沈陽(yáng)和平東城東城西城西城沈陽(yáng)外倉(cāng)沈陽(yáng)外倉(cāng)北京外倉(cāng)北京外倉(cāng)延邊延邊海淀海淀北方區(qū)安利中國(guó)儲(chǔ)運(yùn)中心安利中國(guó)儲(chǔ)運(yùn)中心- - 廣州市天河區(qū)東郊高新技術(shù)工業(yè)園廣州市天河區(qū)東郊高新技術(shù)工業(yè)園, ,10,000mText 1 What is Logistics Management?.19 Supply logistics is ( ). A. internal logistics B. external logistics C. distribution logis

12、tics D. production logistics.20請(qǐng)搭配請(qǐng)搭配1. 物品物品2. 物流物流3.物流活動(dòng)物流活動(dòng) 4. 物流作業(yè)物流作業(yè)5. 物流模數(shù)物流模數(shù)6. 物流技術(shù)物流技術(shù)7. 物流成本物流成本8.物流管理物流管理 9.物流中心物流中心 10.物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò) 1. logistics technology teknldi2. logistics operation ,prein3.logistics centersent4. logistics network net,w:k5. article :tikl 6. modulusmdjuls7. logistics ludi

13、stiks 8. logistics cost kst9. logistics activity ktiviti10. logistics management .21The Definition of Logistics.221. The Definition of Logistics After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier (seller) to the customer (buyer) in the most cost

14、 effective manner .This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment (logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be

15、in place. km:l ifektiv fsiliti ,stnddaizein,susiein Text 1 What is Logistics management,definin.23 cost effective =Economically .24翻譯：翻譯：1、現(xiàn)代物流的定義、現(xiàn)代物流的定義 在完成商品交易之后，物流將以最符合成本-效益的方式地實(shí)現(xiàn)物品從供應(yīng)者（賣方）到客戶（買方）的轉(zhuǎn)移。這就是物流的定義。在物品轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程中，需要硬件如物流設(shè)施和設(shè)備（車輛），同時(shí)需要信息控制和物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。此外，政府和物流協(xié)會(huì)的支持也應(yīng)到位。.25Three major functions of

16、 logistics （1）Creating time value: same goods can be valued differently at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.（2）Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at d

17、ifferent locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics.（3）Distribution processing Value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods .Like popular saying,” cutting into smaller par

18、ts is the most commonly seen distribution processing form. Most processing within logistics create added value for goods.26（1）創(chuàng)造時(shí)間價(jià)值：同一物品在不同的時(shí)間有不同）創(chuàng)造時(shí)間價(jià)值：同一物品在不同的時(shí)間有不同的價(jià)值。物品在轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程處于停止?fàn)顟B(tài)，從專的價(jià)值。物品在轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程處于停止?fàn)顟B(tài)，從專業(yè)上來(lái)說(shuō)就是物流儲(chǔ)存。這就為物品創(chuàng)造了時(shí)間業(yè)上來(lái)說(shuō)就是物流儲(chǔ)存。這就為物品創(chuàng)造了時(shí)間價(jià)值。價(jià)值。（2）創(chuàng)造空間價(jià)值：同一物品在不同的區(qū)域有不同）創(chuàng)造空間價(jià)值：同一物品在不同的區(qū)域有不

19、同的價(jià)值。在物品轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程中增加的價(jià)值就是物的價(jià)值。在物品轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程中增加的價(jià)值就是物流空間價(jià)值流空間價(jià)值（3）流通加工產(chǎn)生的價(jià)值：有時(shí)物流創(chuàng)造流通加工）流通加工產(chǎn)生的價(jià)值：有時(shí)物流創(chuàng)造流通加工價(jià)值，其改變了物品的長(zhǎng)度，厚度和包裝。如流價(jià)值，其改變了物品的長(zhǎng)度，厚度和包裝。如流行的話行的話“切成小塊切成小塊”是最常見(jiàn)的流通加工形式。是最常見(jiàn)的流通加工形式。大多數(shù)的流通加工都創(chuàng)造的物品的價(jià)值。大多數(shù)的流通加工都創(chuàng)造的物品的價(jià)值。物流的三個(gè)重要功能：物流的三個(gè)重要功能：.27logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the tradit

20、ional stage to a modern one. The main differences between these two stage include:(1) modern logistics adopts containerization techniques. the goods transfer process starts with packaging, followed by transportation, storage and distribution. the whole process is operated under logistics standards.

21、Based on the logistics base module of 600X400MM,form the logistics module of 1,200X1,000mm,and enlarge to the size of 2,591X2,438mm-the size of high X wide of the container. it can be adjusted to the standard sizes of containers for trains, trucks and ships.(2)information technologies are most impor

22、tant for modern logistics .Bar Code, POS, EDI and GPS systems dramatically improve the efficiency and accuracy of the logistics activities. Internet further assists the market development, operations and management of the logistic industry.28兩個(gè)階段主要區(qū)別兩個(gè)階段主要區(qū)別物流是一個(gè)新的商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，處于從傳統(tǒng)階段到現(xiàn)代物流階段物流是一個(gè)新的商業(yè)領(lǐng)域，處于從傳

23、統(tǒng)階段到現(xiàn)代物流階段的發(fā)展。這個(gè)兩個(gè)階段主要區(qū)別包括：的發(fā)展。這個(gè)兩個(gè)階段主要區(qū)別包括：（ 1 ）現(xiàn)代物流采用集裝化技術(shù)。物品的轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程從包裝開）現(xiàn)代物流采用集裝化技術(shù)。物品的轉(zhuǎn)移過(guò)程從包裝開始，然后是運(yùn)輸，儲(chǔ)存和配送。整個(gè)過(guò)程是在物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化始，然后是運(yùn)輸，儲(chǔ)存和配送。整個(gè)過(guò)程是在物流標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化下運(yùn)作的?；谖锪骰A(chǔ)模數(shù)尺寸下運(yùn)作的?；谖锪骰A(chǔ)模數(shù)尺寸 600X400mm，形成物，形成物流模數(shù)尺寸流模數(shù)尺寸1200X1 000mm，擴(kuò)大到，擴(kuò)大到2,591X2,438mm集集裝箱的高和寬。并能調(diào)整成適合鐵運(yùn)、汽運(yùn)和船運(yùn)的集裝裝箱的高和寬。并能調(diào)整成適合鐵運(yùn)、汽運(yùn)和船運(yùn)的集裝箱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格尺寸。箱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

24、規(guī)格尺寸。 （ 2 ）信息技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代物流來(lái)說(shuō)是最重要的。條形碼，）信息技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代物流來(lái)說(shuō)是最重要的。條形碼，POS，EDI和和GPS大大提高了物流活動(dòng)效率和準(zhǔn)確性?；ゴ蟠筇岣吡宋锪骰顒?dòng)效率和準(zhǔn)確性?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)一步協(xié)助物流業(yè)的市場(chǎng)開發(fā)，運(yùn)營(yíng)和管理。聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)一步協(xié)助物流業(yè)的市場(chǎng)開發(fā)，運(yùn)營(yíng)和管理。.29Exercises Pair work：talking face to face, and think it over, discuss the following questions.1What is logistics?.30Text 1 What is Logistics management Fi

25、ll in the blanks with the following words. Logistics activity Article movement Logistics center logistics the supplier (seller) the customer (buyer)物品物品物流活動(dòng)物流活動(dòng)物流中心物流中心賣方賣方消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)者.31Text 1 What is Logistics1、運(yùn)輸（ ）Acontainer Btransportation Clogistics Dsupply2、配送（ ）Ain bulk Bdistribution Chandling Dco

26、ntainerization3、保管（ ）Astorage Bstacking Cpalletizing Dpackage 4、集裝箱（ ）Agoods yard BstorehouseCcontainer Dconveyor.32作業(yè)布置：作業(yè)布置：作業(yè)本：1、識(shí)記 12個(gè)月 及星期一到星期日的英語(yǔ)2、熟識(shí)基本概念術(shù)語(yǔ)中前20個(gè)單詞。.3311 物流信息物流信息 logistics information ,infmein12 物流企業(yè)物流企業(yè) logistics enterprise entpraiz13 物流單證物流單證 logistics documents dkjumnt14 物流聯(lián)

27、盟物流聯(lián)盟 logistics alliance lains15 供應(yīng)物流供應(yīng)物流 supply logistics：splai16 生產(chǎn)物流生產(chǎn)物流 production logistics：prdkn.3417 銷售物流銷售物流 distribution logistics .distribju:n18 回收物流回收物流 returned logistics rit:nd19 廢棄物物流廢棄物物流 waste material logistics weist mtiril20 綠色物流綠色物流 environmental logistics in.vairnmentl.353、課前作業(yè)：五

28、種現(xiàn)代運(yùn)輸方式的英文.36 21 企業(yè)物流企業(yè)物流 internal logistics int:nl 22 社會(huì)物流社會(huì)物流 external logistics ekst:nl 23 軍事物流軍事物流 military logistics militri 24 國(guó)際物流國(guó)際物流 international logistics .int(:)nnl 25第三方物流第三方物流 third-part logistics (TPL) 26 定制物流定制物流 customized logistics kstmaizd 27虛擬物流虛擬物流 virtual logistics v:tjul.37 28

29、增值物流服務(wù)增值物流服務(wù) value-added logistics service vlju: 29供應(yīng)鏈供應(yīng)鏈 supply chain tein 30條碼條碼 bar code 31電子數(shù)據(jù)交換電子數(shù)據(jù)交換 electronic data interchange (EDI) ilektrnik ,intteind 32有形消耗有形消耗 tangible losstndbl 33無(wú)形消耗無(wú)形消耗 intangible loss intndbl.38第二節(jié)第二節(jié) 詞匯認(rèn)識(shí)詞匯認(rèn)識(shí)34 運(yùn)輸運(yùn)輸 transportation ,trnsptein35 聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸 combined tra

30、nsport kmbaind trnsp:t36 直達(dá)運(yùn)輸直達(dá)運(yùn)輸 through transport ru:37 中轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)輸中轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)輸 transfer transport trnsf:38 甩掛運(yùn)輸甩掛運(yùn)輸 drop and pull transport pul.39甩掛運(yùn)輸甩掛運(yùn)輸.4039 集裝運(yùn)輸集裝運(yùn)輸 containerized transport knteinraizd40 集裝箱運(yùn)輸集裝箱運(yùn)輸 container transport kntein.4141. 門到門門到門 door-to-door 42. door to cy 門到場(chǎng)門到場(chǎng) 43.door to cfs 門到站門

31、到站.4244.整箱貨整箱貨 full container load (FCL) lud45.拼箱貨拼箱貨 less than container load (LCL ).4346.儲(chǔ)存儲(chǔ)存 storing st:ri47.保管保管 storage：st:rid48.物品儲(chǔ)存物品儲(chǔ)存 article reserves ：riz:v.4449 庫(kù)存庫(kù)存 inventory ：invntri50 經(jīng)常庫(kù)存經(jīng)常庫(kù)存 cycle stock saikl stk51 安全庫(kù)存安全庫(kù)存 safety stock ：seifti52 庫(kù)存周期庫(kù)存周期 inventory cycle time 53 前置期（

32、或提前期）前置期（或提前期） lead time .4555 貨垛貨垛 goods stack stk56 堆碼堆碼 stacking 57 搬運(yùn)搬運(yùn) handing/carrying 58 裝卸裝卸 loading and unloading 59單元裝卸單元裝卸 unit loading and unloading .46.4760 包裝包裝 package/packaging：pkid61 銷售包裝銷售包裝 sales package：seilz62定牌包裝定牌包裝 packing of nominated brand nmi,neit brnd63 中性包裝中性包裝 neutral p

33、acking ：nju:trl64 運(yùn)輸包裝運(yùn)輸包裝 transport package .48Activities Included in Logistics Management .49Activities Included in Logistics Management1.Customer service（客戶服務(wù)）（客戶服務(wù)）2.Order processing（訂單處理（訂單處理 ）paip,lain Customer services bind all logistics activities.(Customer services )ismeanttoprovidefacility

34、forcustomersneedorinquiryandarrangeit. 客戶服務(wù)旨在為客戶的需要或查詢提供并安排其設(shè)施。.503.Communication（物流溝通（物流溝通 ）kmju:nikein4.Inventory control 庫(kù)存控制庫(kù)存控制5.Forecasting demands 需求預(yù)測(cè)需求預(yù)測(cè).518.Plantandwarehousesiteselection工廠和倉(cāng)庫(kù)選址工廠和倉(cāng)庫(kù)選址6.Transportation運(yùn)輸運(yùn)輸7.Warehousingandstorage倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)與保管倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)與保管.52the method of Shipment (rail, wat

35、er, truck, air and pipeline),.53the method of Shipment (rail, water, truck, air and pipeline),.549. Material handling 物料搬運(yùn)物料搬運(yùn)Procurement 采購(gòu)采購(gòu)prkjumnt 11.Parts and service support零件和服務(wù)支持零件和服務(wù)支持12. Packaging 包裝包裝13.Scrap disposal 廢棄物處理廢棄物處理skrp dispuzl 14. Return goods handling.退貨處理退貨處理.55【Para 1】Cus

36、tomer service（客戶服務(wù)） (1)Customer service. Customer service is defined as a customer-oriented philosophy that integrates and manages all customer interface within the lowest possible costs to achieve optimum results. customer services bind all logistics activities. whether a customer receives the righ

37、t product under all the right conditions will affect all other operations.acustomer-orientedphilosophy：以客戶為本的理念：以客戶為本的理念I(lǐng)ntegrate：集成：集成optimum：最佳：最佳.56（1）客戶服務(wù)。被定義以客戶為本的理念，客戶服務(wù)被定義為客戶優(yōu)先的哲學(xué)理念。在最少成本最大收益原則下集成和管理所有面向客戶的物流資源?？蛻舴?wù)與所有物流活動(dòng)都相關(guān)聯(lián)。在所有恰當(dāng)?shù)臈l件下客戶是否收到正確的物品將影響到所有其他業(yè)務(wù)。 .57【Para 2】Order processing（訂單處理 ）

38、(2) Order processing. “Order processing can be compared to the human bodys central nerve system , triggering the distribution process and directing the actions to be taken in satisfying order demand. Order processing activity may be broken down into three categories. Firstly, operating elements, suc

39、h as order entry/editing, scheduling, Order-shipping set preparation, and invoicing. .58 Secondly, communication elements, such as order modification, order status inquiries, racing and expediting, error correction, and product information requests; and Lastly, credit and collection elements, includ

40、ing credit checking and accounts receivable processing/collecting. .59(2)訂單處理。訂單處理可以比喻為人體的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)，引發(fā)配送過(guò)程和指導(dǎo)為滿足訂單要求的活動(dòng)。訂單處理活動(dòng)有三類。首先， 第一，操作部分，諸如訂單錄入與編輯，調(diào)度，訂單航運(yùn)單固定編制，并開具發(fā)票。第二，溝通部分，諸如訂單修訂，訂貨狀況查詢，跟蹤，催促，錯(cuò)誤修正以及產(chǎn)品信息要求等。最后，信貸與托收部分，包括信貸核查和應(yīng)收帳款處理和托收。.60 custom services plays an important part in the speed and a

41、ccuracy of the order processing. advanced systems can reduces the time between order placement and shipment. Orders are often done through computer systems. Advanced systems, although initially expensive to the company, can substantially improve accuracy and efficiency. Often, saving in order logist

42、ics expenses (such as inventory, transportation and warehousing )or increased sales form improved customer service will justify the cost of the system.61 客戶服務(wù)在訂單處理的速度與精確性方面扮演一個(gè)重要角色。先進(jìn)的系統(tǒng)能夠減少訂單下達(dá)與發(fā)貨之間的時(shí)間。 訂單常常通過(guò)計(jì)算即系統(tǒng)來(lái)完成。先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)雖然起初對(duì)公司來(lái)說(shuō)很昂貴，但它能大大地提高業(yè)務(wù)的準(zhǔn)確性和效率。 通常，在節(jié)省其他物流費(fèi)用（庫(kù)存，運(yùn)輸和倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)），或來(lái)自客戶服務(wù)提升了的銷售的增長(zhǎng)，將

43、證明這一系統(tǒng)提升了的成本是非常值得的。.62【Para 3】Communication（物流溝通 ）(3)Communication in logistics success in todays business environment requires the management of a complex communications system .Effective communication should exist between: 物流溝通 要取得當(dāng)今商務(wù)環(huán)境的成功，就需要復(fù)雜溝通體系的管理。有效的溝通應(yīng)該存在于下面各項(xiàng)之間：kmju:nikein .63the company,

44、 its customers and suppliers;公司及其客戶和供應(yīng)商；(b) major operations of the company such as marketing, manufacturing logistics, and finance/accounting;公司的主要運(yùn)作，比如：市場(chǎng)，生產(chǎn)，物流，金融/會(huì)計(jì)；(c) logistics-related activities such customer service, traffic and transportation, warehousing and storage, order processing, and

45、inventory control;與物流相關(guān)的活動(dòng)，比如：客戶服務(wù)，交通運(yùn)輸，倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)與保管，訂單處理和庫(kù)存控制。 (d) components of each logistics activity (within inventory control, for example, would be implant inventory, inventory in transit, and inventory in field warehouses).每項(xiàng)物流活動(dòng)的組成部分.例如:內(nèi)部存貨控制是指企業(yè)內(nèi)的存貨、運(yùn)輸中的存貨和區(qū)域倉(cāng)庫(kù)存貨）。.64 Communication is the vital

46、link between the entire logistics process and customers.溝通是全部物流和客戶之間的極其重要橋梁。A firms communications system may be as sophisticated as a computerized management information system (MIS) or as simple as word-of-mouth communication between individuals. Whatever type of system used, vital information mus

47、t be available and communicated to individuals who “need to know”. 一家公司的溝通體系可以像計(jì)算機(jī)化的管理信息系統(tǒng)那么尖端的，也可以像個(gè)人口頭表達(dá)那么簡(jiǎn)單。 無(wú)論使用何種系統(tǒng),重要的信息一定是可用的，并且一定能與“需要知道”的個(gè)人進(jìn)行溝通。.65【Para 4】Inventory control 庫(kù)存控制庫(kù)存控制 (4)Inventory control. The inventory control is important to ensure a sufficient supply of product to meet cus

48、tomer demand and manufacturing requirements. Inventory consumes space and capital. The cost of store inventory can be 14 to over 50 percent of the total cost. Successful inventory control involves determining enough inventories to satisfy customer demand and considering the cost of performing other

49、logistics activities. 庫(kù)存控制重要的是要確保有足夠的產(chǎn)品以滿足客戶需求和生產(chǎn)要求。存貨耗費(fèi)空間和資本。存貨的成本能夠占總成本的百分之14到百分之50以上。成功的存貨控制就是確保足夠的存貨來(lái)滿足客戶要求，并且考慮到執(zhí)行其它物流活動(dòng)的成本。 .66【Para 5】 Forecasting demands 需求預(yù)測(cè)需求預(yù)測(cè)（5）Forecasting demands. Demand forecasting involves determining the amount of product and service that customers will require in t

50、he future. It is important to all operations such as marketing, manufacturing, and logistics.需求預(yù)測(cè)涉及確定客戶將來(lái)所需求的產(chǎn)品數(shù)量和服務(wù)它對(duì)于諸如市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷、生產(chǎn)制造和物流之類的所有操作來(lái)說(shuō)是非常重要的。 .67* Marketing forecasts determine promotional strategies, allocation of sales force, pricing strategies, and market research activities. 市場(chǎng)預(yù)測(cè)決定促銷戰(zhàn)略，銷

51、售力量分配，價(jià)格戰(zhàn)略和市場(chǎng)研究活動(dòng)。* Logistics forecasts determine product transportation and storage.物流預(yù)測(cè)決定產(chǎn)品的運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存。Demand forecasting enables managers to allocate their resources (budgets) effectively to meet demands. 需求預(yù)測(cè)能夠使經(jīng)理們有效地分配資源（預(yù)算）以滿足需求。.68Forecasting can be difficult given the market uncertainties. Howeve

52、r, the company should undertake demand forecasting and communicate the results to other departments. Sophisticated computer models, trend analysis, sales force estimates or other methods can help develop such forecasts. 由于市場(chǎng)的不確定性，預(yù)測(cè)可能很困難。然而，公司還是應(yīng)該進(jìn)行需求預(yù)測(cè)并將那些結(jié)果傳達(dá)給其他部門。尖端計(jì)算機(jī)模數(shù)，趨向分析，銷售力量評(píng)估或其他方式都能有助開發(fā)這樣的

53、預(yù)測(cè)。 .69【Para 6】 Transportation. 運(yùn)輸運(yùn)輸（6Transportation. The goods flow is depended on transportation process, it includes selecting the method of Shipment (rail, water, truck, air and pipeline), choosing a specific path (routing); complying with various local, state and federal transportation regulati

54、ons; and being aware of both domestic and international traffic requirements. Transportation is often the largest part in the logistics cost.貨物流動(dòng)取決于運(yùn)輸過(guò)程，它包括運(yùn)輸方式的選擇貨物流動(dòng)取決于運(yùn)輸過(guò)程，它包括運(yùn)輸方式的選擇（鐵運(yùn)，汽運(yùn)，空運(yùn)和管道運(yùn)輸），選擇特殊的路（鐵運(yùn)，汽運(yùn)，空運(yùn)和管道運(yùn)輸），選擇特殊的路徑（線路）；對(duì)各種地方性的、州和聯(lián)邦的運(yùn)輸規(guī)徑（線路）；對(duì)各種地方性的、州和聯(lián)邦的運(yùn)輸規(guī)定的遵從；定的遵從；熟知國(guó)內(nèi)外交通運(yùn)輸要求熟知國(guó)內(nèi)外交

55、通運(yùn)輸要求運(yùn)輸常常占去物流成本的最大部運(yùn)輸常常占去物流成本的最大部分。分。.70【Para 7】 Warehousing and storage 倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)與保管倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)與保管(7) Warehousing and storage. Products must be stored at any places unless consumers need them immediately. 倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)與保管。倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)與保管。除非消費(fèi)者立即需要產(chǎn)品，否則他們除非消費(fèi)者立即需要產(chǎn)品，否則他們必須被儲(chǔ)藏在某些地點(diǎn)。必須被儲(chǔ)藏在某些地點(diǎn)。.71Warehousing and storage are activities th

56、at manage the space needed to hold the inventories. Specific Storage activities include: deciding whether the storage facility should be owned, leased, or rented; warehouse layout and design; product mix considerations; safety and maintenance; security systems; personal training; and productivity me

57、asurement.倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)與保管是管理所需空間以容納存貨的活動(dòng)。特別儲(chǔ)存活倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)與保管是管理所需空間以容納存貨的活動(dòng)。特別儲(chǔ)存活動(dòng)包括：動(dòng)包括：決定儲(chǔ)存設(shè)施是否自己擁有、租賃或租用；倉(cāng)庫(kù)決定儲(chǔ)存設(shè)施是否自己擁有、租賃或租用；倉(cāng)庫(kù)布局和設(shè)計(jì)；產(chǎn)品組合的考慮；安全和維護(hù)；安全系統(tǒng)；人布局和設(shè)計(jì)；產(chǎn)品組合的考慮；安全和維護(hù)；安全系統(tǒng)；人員培訓(xùn)，生產(chǎn)檢測(cè)員培訓(xùn)，生產(chǎn)檢測(cè).72【Para 8】 Plant and warehouse site selection 工廠和倉(cāng)庫(kù)選址工廠和倉(cāng)庫(kù)選址(8) Plant and warehouse site selection. The strategic site

58、near the specific markets can improve the customer service levels and lower transportation costs. When making a site decision, we need to research the product market, customer demands, location of raw materials, component parts and subassemblies. Other major considerations include labor rates, trans

59、portation, taxes, security, laws, local community (such as the attitude towards a new industry) land cost, and infrastructure.73 (8)工廠和倉(cāng)庫(kù)選址。在特殊市場(chǎng)附近的戰(zhàn)略性地址能夠提高客戶服務(wù)水平，降低運(yùn)輸成本。當(dāng)作出某一地址的選定時(shí)，我們需要研究產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)，客戶要求, 原材料、零部件和組件所在地。 其他主要的考慮因素包括勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，運(yùn)輸，稅收，安全，法律，地方團(tuán)體（比如對(duì)新行業(yè)的態(tài)度），土地成本和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。.74【Para 9】 Material handling

60、物料搬運(yùn)物料搬運(yùn)(9) Material handling. It is concerned with handling of all raw materials, parts, fittings, inventory, and finished goods within a plant or warehouse. Its objectives are* Reduce handling possibly* Minimize travel distance * Minimize goods in process * Provide uniform flow without any negativ