O9高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題(三)

1、O9高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題（三）時態(tài)、語態(tài)編寫人：孟春林 審核人： 路惠玲【時態(tài)的基本概念】時態(tài)是表示謂語動作時間概念的動詞形式。英語中的時態(tài)專指謂語動詞而言，不同時間概念的謂語動作有不同的時態(tài)，每一個時態(tài)又有各自不同的動詞形式。高中階段要求學(xué)生熟練掌握八種時態(tài)，此外現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時在高中教材中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，也應(yīng)列入“應(yīng)知應(yīng)會”的范圍。1.一般現(xiàn)在時：經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或規(guī)律性的動作。注意第三人稱單數(shù)的動詞形式。Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food. 在時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的概念。I will not stop

2、my fight against slavery until all slaves are free. 2.一般過去時：過去發(fā)生過了的動作，這個動作的全過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。常與yesterday, last，ago等典型的一般過去時的時間狀語連用。Fortunately, I was in time for the interview. The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could. 3.一般將來時：將要發(fā)生

3、的動作。-Its a bit windy today, isnt it?-Yes, it is. Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine. Do you think our manager is going to have a new factory built?4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：說話時正在發(fā)生的動作。Im doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. Im trying to find the name of a famous person. Can you help me? 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時同always配合使用時，帶有厭惡、批評

4、，不喜歡等感情色彩。They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. 5.過去進(jìn)行時:過去某一時間或某段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。He bought a coffee and as the train was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat. Over 500 people were working in t

5、he building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. 6.現(xiàn)在完成時：與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去的動作。強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. 同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是：朱夫人知道了口信的內(nèi)容。We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have just told you. 同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系是：現(xiàn)在你們已經(jīng)知道有關(guān)她的經(jīng)歷，據(jù)此作出決定。7.過去完成時：比過去的一個參照動作或時間更早

6、的動作，作為參照的過去的動作或時間有時在句子中直接表述出來，有時通過上下文暗示。I could see from her face that she had got some good news.本句中had got some good news 發(fā)生在could see from her face之前，比較容易看出“過去的過去”，應(yīng)該不會產(chǎn)生理解上的困難。8.過去將來時：以過去某一時間為參照，將要發(fā)生的動作。在賓語從句中由于時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的要求，經(jīng)常會用到過去將來時。I thought it was going to be fun. 針對 I thought 這個過去的動作而言的將來。9.現(xiàn)在完成

7、進(jìn)行時： 由過去開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時在句子中一般可以翻譯成“一直”。People have been talking of it a lot recently. 最近人們一直在大量地談?wù)撨@件事。Pippas parents have been waiting for them. Pippa的父母一直在等他們?！鞠嚓P(guān)知識及運用】1. 一般過去時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時的區(qū)別。上述三個時態(tài)在使用中容易混淆是因為他們有相近的地方，這個相近之處就是“過去”。現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的概念都同“過去”有關(guān)，彼此之間的混淆便由此產(chǎn)生。只有抓住他們的不同，才能熟練地將這三種時

8、態(tài)區(qū)別開。(1) 一般過去時只用以陳述過去發(fā)生過的事情。In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge. 向讀者陳述1775年所發(fā)生的故事的地點、人物等有關(guān)信息。(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時表達(dá)的動作雖然發(fā)生在過去，但說話時要強調(diào)的是這個過去的動作與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系，語意的重心著眼于現(xiàn)在。這種過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系有兩種情況：a)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在仍具有影響。-Would you go to see the film with me this

9、 evening?-Sorry, I have seen it before.“看”的動作肯定發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在的影響是“我不想和你去看了”。b)過去的動作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。表示這種延續(xù)時經(jīng)常會用到for、since一類時間狀語。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university. (從畢業(yè)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years. (20年前發(fā)生的 “l(fā)ive”，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)現(xiàn)在完成時用法注意點：a) 常用的時間狀語：ever, never, once, tw

10、ice, yet, just, before, recently, lately, so far, up to now, these days, this month, since, for等。b) 在現(xiàn)在完成時中，非延續(xù)性動詞不能同表示一段時間的狀語連用。 He has arrived.(正) He has arrived for two hours.(誤) He has been here for two hours.(正) He arrived here two hours ago.(正)c) 在It/This is the first time that. 和It/ This is t

11、he +形容詞最高級+名詞+that.結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。This is the best film I have ever seen. d) 在since引導(dǎo)的從句中，時間從從句動作完成或結(jié)束時算起。I havent heard from him since he lived in Nanjing.自從他離開南京后，我就沒有他的消息。 (3) 過去完成時是一種相對的時態(tài)，它必須有一個過去的動作為參照，比這個過去的參照動作更早的動作才能用過去完成時。如果沒有這個過去的參照的動作，就沒有過去完成時，即使是一億年前的動作也是一般過去時。When I got to the cinema, th

12、e film had begun.got to the cinema是過去的動作，had begun則發(fā)生在got to the cinema 之前。過去完成時常用在hardly/scarcely/barely.when., no sooner.than.結(jié)構(gòu)中。No sooner had they left the building than a bomb end,mean, hope, want, plan等用過去完成時表示本打算做而沒有做。I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to se

13、e me just when I was about to leave.2. 進(jìn)行時態(tài)的兩種概念現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時都具有兩種不同的時間概念：瞬間概念和階段概念。(1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的瞬間概念就是“說話的時候”。表示瞬間概念時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時態(tài)特點是，動作已經(jīng)開始，正在過程中，但尚未結(jié)束?；谶@一特點，下列句子通常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，以表達(dá)動作沒有結(jié)束。Our country is getting stronger and stronger.Im getting on well with my English.過去進(jìn)行時的瞬間概念通常用表示“點時間”的時間狀語表達(dá)出來。I was doing my

14、homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.(2) 階段概念的時間狀語是“段時間”，表示在一段時間內(nèi)一直在做的動作，至于動作是否結(jié)束則不是說話者所關(guān)心的。He is writing a new novel these days. 這些天他一直在寫一本新小說。（沒有干其他的事情）The workers were building a bridge last year. 這些工人們?nèi)ツ暌恢痹谛藿ㄒ蛔鶚颉?3. 將來時的五種動詞形式(1) will(shall)+動詞原形，用以表示“預(yù)見”和“主觀意圖”Go thr

15、ough the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side.（表示“預(yù)見”）Lets go together then. I will meet you at the theatre at six-thirty. (表示“主觀意圖”，臨時的決定，不用be going to)(2) be going to + 動詞原形，用以表示“打算做某事”或“已經(jīng)有跡象將要發(fā)生的情況。Im going to cut this tree down. (表示“打算”)Look at the cloud. It is

16、going to rain. (有跡象表明將要下雨)(3) be to +動詞原形，用以表示按照計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作或表示命令、禁止。The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. 非人所能安排的行為，不能用此結(jié)構(gòu)。I think Im going to faint.(正) I think Im to faint.(誤) (4) be about to +動詞原形，用以表示說話時即將發(fā)生的動作，不能和表示將來的時間狀語連用。I am just abou

17、t to ask you the same question. 我正要問你同樣的問題。(5) 用進(jìn)行時的動詞形式表示將來的概念, 表示按計劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動作或即將開始的動作。常用的動詞有：go, come, leave, arrive, make, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, do, give, have, pay, join,spend, sleep, take等。How many of you are making the trip? Is anybody seeing you off?We are having a meeting t

18、his afternoon.4. 時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)主從句要兼顧時態(tài)的前后呼應(yīng)，尤其是賓語從句，當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的時候，從句可用現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)淼南嚓P(guān)時態(tài)；當(dāng)主句是過去時態(tài)的時候，從句只能用與過去相關(guān)的時態(tài)，但客觀事實、 真理、諺語等不受限制。I know who is (was, will be, has been) in charge of the work.Our teacher told us that the moon travels round the earth once every month. The spokesman said that Obama will pay a visi

19、t to China next month.【語態(tài)的基本概念】語態(tài)是表示主語、謂語和賓語之間相互關(guān)系的動詞形式。在英語中有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)之分。主動語態(tài)所表達(dá)的主、謂、賓之間的關(guān)系是：主語發(fā)出或執(zhí)行謂語動作，謂語動作的對象或承受者為賓語。即主語同謂語具有語意上的邏輯關(guān)系，謂語同賓語具有語意上的邏輯關(guān)系。被動語態(tài)所表達(dá)的關(guān)系是：動作的承受者做句子的主語，這時句子的主語和謂語之間具有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。Satellites for broadcasting are used to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to

20、another. 謂語動詞use同主語satellites for broadcasting具有邏輯動賓關(guān)系，因此使用被動語態(tài)。我們可以將這個句子恢復(fù)成正常的主、謂、賓關(guān)系：We use satellites for broadcasting to send radio and TV programmes from one part of the world to another.【相關(guān)知識及運用】在語言實踐中，語態(tài)和時態(tài)總是結(jié)合在一起使用，每一個時態(tài)都有同它相對應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)形式。被動語態(tài)的基本形式：語態(tài)助動詞be + 過去分詞。凡需進(jìn)行時態(tài)變化時，只將be 變?yōu)榕c其相應(yīng)的時態(tài)形式，過去分詞永

21、遠(yuǎn)不變。動詞do 的時態(tài)、語態(tài)形式變化對照表主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時do ( does )am(is, are )+ done一般過去時didwas(were )+ done一般將來時will(shall) dowill be + done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am(is , are )doingam(is,are)being+done過去進(jìn)行時was(were) doingwas(were)being+done現(xiàn)在完成時have(has) donehave(has)been+done過去完成時had donehad been+done過去將來時would dowould be + done現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行

22、時have(has)been doing沒有被動形式過去完成進(jìn)行時had been doing沒有被動形式Many of them are well received, such as Follow Me; Follow Me to Science.Ships and planes can be warned so that they can keep out of the path of the hurricane. They are already being used in agriculture and industry.Computer will be used more and m

23、ore in transport. A new government programme has been designed to help disabled people . 時態(tài)語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練I. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時或?qū)頃r的形式填充。1. Lets keep to the point or we _ never_ (reach) any decisions.2. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I_ (miss) half of it.3. I dont think Jim saw me; he _ just _ (

24、stare) into space.4. I _ (ask) you not to move my dictionarynow I cant find it.5. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.6. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? -No, I _ _ _ (invi

25、te). Did they have a big wedding? 7. Shirley _ (write) a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.8. John and I have been friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ _(see) each other a couple of times before that.9. His wife

26、_ _ (hope) to catch the first train but she was too late.10. I _ _ (catch) in the heavy rain on the way to the cinema.11. I found the sentence _ _ (not read) smoothly.12. What he had said at the meeting _ (prove) true.13. -Did you see Tom at the party? - No. He _ _ (leave) by the time I arrived.14.

27、- How time flies! Its already 10 oclock. - Oh, I _ _ (not realize) it at all.15. - Im sorry that I shouldnt have been so rude to you. - You did_ (lose) your temper but thats OK.II.用所給動詞的適當(dāng)?shù)倪^去時或?qū)頃r的形式確翻譯下列各句 ：1. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who _ _(一直抓著) him but failed.2. -What we

28、re you doing when Tony phoned you? -I had just finished my work and _ _(正準(zhǔn)備開始)to take a shower. 3. -You were out when I dropped in at your house. -Oh, I _ _ (在等候)for a friend from England at the airport. 4. - Why havent you asked her to come here? - She _ _(正在做) an important experiment when I found

29、her and she hasnt finished it. 5. - What were you up to when she dropped in? - I_ _(剛玩了一會兒)for a while and _ _ _ _(正打算看書) some reading.6. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _often_(會看到) advertisement showing happy families.7. - What place is it? - Havent you seen that we are back wher

30、e we _(回到了原地)?8. - Tomorrow is my birthday. Id like you and Jane to come. - Im not sure if she _ _ (將)free. 9. The crazy fans _ _ _(一直在等)patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived. 10. You _ _ (要求你ask) not to move the desknow it is broken.時態(tài)語態(tài)強化訓(xùn)練1. By the time I saw the

31、 angry expression on his face, I _ exactly what I was having to face. But not for a moment _ I should quit. A. had known ; I thought B. have known ; had I thought C. would know ; I would think D. knew ; did I think2. In such a fierce competition, a person has to make every effort if he _. A. has suc

32、ceeded B. is to succeed C. should succeed D. will succeed3. Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303? It should be 302. But I hear that it _ till tomorrow. A. was put off B. will put off C. has been put off D. is put off4. I thought you were going to leave early today to take your son to the show. I _

33、, but I cant leave until I finish typing all the letters. A. had planned to B. planned to C. am still planning to D. was still planning to 5. Unfortunately, when we dropped in, Doctor Li _ for Wenchuan to rescue the injured there, so we only had time for a few words. A. has just left B. was just lea

34、ving C. had just left D. just left6. He _ fault with other people though he doesnt do his work properly. A. always finds B. has always found C. is always finding D. always found7. Im very disappointed with my neighbor. She said she would keep her cat off my grass, but she _. A. didnt B. hasnt C. wou

35、ldnt D. hadnt8. Why were you not at the concert ? I _ a close game between two European football teams. A. watchedB. had watched C. was watchingD. have been watching9. -Youve agreed to go? So why arent you getting ready? -But I _ that you would have me start at once. A. dont realize B. hadnt realize

36、d C. didnt realize D. am not realizing10. -You havent said a word about my new hair-style, Molly. Do you like it? -Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say11.Have you ever visited the Slender West Lake？ Yes. When I was

37、in Yangzhou, I it twice. A. have visited B. visited C. had visited D. would visit12. -Remember the first time we met, Susan? -Of course I do. You _ in the library. A. read B. had read C. were reading D. would read13. It seems that you _ this report or you can see what I questioned just now. A. dont

38、readB. didnt readC. havent readD. hadnt read14. - My flight _ . Id better be on my way. Goodbye. - Bye. Happy landing! A. was announced B. is being announced C. has announced D. is announced15. This time next week, we _astronauts from the Challenger trying to deal with the mechanical problems. A. wi

39、ll seeB. will have seenC. will be seeingD. shall see16. Those who were late for school this morning, down your names on the blackboard! A. write B. wrote C. are writing D. will write時態(tài)語態(tài)高考題 2007年高考1. The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. （全國卷I） A. sold B. had been sold C. were sold D. w

40、ould sell2. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. （全國卷II） A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt3. They became friends again that day. Until then, they _ to each other for nearly two years. （安徽卷） A. didnt speak B. hadnt spoken C. hav

41、en t spoken D. haven t been speaking4. How can I apply for an online course? Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do for you. （北京卷） A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see5. I got caught in the rain and my suit_.（北京卷） A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined6.

42、It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. Oh, dont mention it. I _past your house anyway. （北京卷） A. was coming B. will come C. had come D. have come7. As the years passed, many occasionsbirthdays, awards, graduations_. with Dads flowers. （湖南卷） A. are marked B. were marked C. have marked

43、D. had marked 8. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _.（江蘇卷） A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached9. _ you _ him around the museum yet? （江蘇卷） Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have shown B. Do showC. Had shown D. Did show10. Ouch! You hurt m

44、e! I am sorry. But I any harm. I to drive a rat out. （江西卷） A. didnt mean; tried B. dont mean; am trying C. havent meant; tried D. didnt mean; was trying11. I have got a headache. No wonder. You in front of that computer too long. （江西卷） A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked12. John ha

45、d to have his car repaired in a garage because it seriously. （上海春） Adamaged Bwas being damaged Chad damaged Dhad been damaged13. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _ in science and technology. （天津卷） A. had discovered B. had been discovered C. has discovered D. has been discovered14

46、. Jack bought a new mobile phone the other day.（浙江卷） _? Thats his third one in just one month. A. Had he B. Did he C. Does he D. Has he 15. Leonardo da Vinci (14521519) _birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. （重慶卷） A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C.

47、 . had said to buy D. has said to have bought16. Have you handed in your schoolwork yet? Yes, I have. I guess it _ now. （遼寧卷） A. has graded B. is graded C. is being graded D. is grading17. Has your father returned from Africa yet? （遼寧卷） Yes, but he _here for only three days before his company sent h

48、im to Australia. A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be2008年高考 1. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _ to arrive. （全國I卷） A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected2. -Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? （安徽卷） -Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ in

49、the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. had played3. I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio. （安徽卷） A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught4. Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. （湖南卷） A. offer B. wil

50、l offer C. are offered D. will be offered5. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it. （山東卷） A. walks B. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked6. Though we dont know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic_.（陜西卷） A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed7. Whats that noise? （浙江卷） Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _ A