英語常用術(shù)語

1、語法grammar結(jié)構(gòu)structure句子sentence從句clause詞組phrase詞類partsofspeech單詞word實(shí)詞notionalword/contentword虛詞structuralword/functionalword名詞noun專有名詞propernoun普通名詞commonnoun可數(shù)名詞countablenoun不可數(shù)名詞uncountablenoun抽象名詞abstractnoun具體名詞concretenoun物質(zhì)名詞materialnoun集體名詞collectivenoun個(gè)體名詞individualnoun介詞preposition連詞conjun

2、ction動(dòng)詞verb主動(dòng)詞mainverb及物動(dòng)詞transitiveverb不及物動(dòng)詞intransitiveverb系動(dòng)詞linkverb助動(dòng)詞auxiliaryverb情態(tài)動(dòng)詞modalverb規(guī)則動(dòng)詞regularverb不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞irregularverb短語動(dòng)詞phrasalverb限定動(dòng)詞finiteverb非限定動(dòng)詞infiniteverb使役動(dòng)詞causativeverb感官動(dòng)詞verbofsenses感嘆詞exclamationverb形容詞adjective副詞adverb方式副詞adverbofmanner程度副詞adverbofdegree時(shí)間副詞adverboft

3、ime地點(diǎn)副詞adverbofplace修飾性副詞adjunct連接性副詞conjunct疑問副詞interrogativeadverb關(guān)系副詞relativeadverb代詞pronoun人稱代詞personalpronoun物主代詞possessivepronoun反身代詞reflexivepronoun相互代詞reciprocalpronoun指示代詞demonstrativepronoun疑問代詞interrogativepronoun關(guān)系代詞relativepronoun不定代詞indefinitepronoun物主代詞possessivepronoun名詞性物主代詞nominalp

4、ossessivepronoun形容詞性物主代詞adjectivalpossessivepronoun冠詞article定冠詞definitearticle不定冠詞indefinitearticle數(shù)詞numeral基數(shù)詞cardinalnumeral序數(shù)詞ordinalnumeral分?jǐn)?shù)詞fractionalnumeral形式form單數(shù)形式singularform復(fù)數(shù)形式pluralform限定動(dòng)詞finiteverbform非限定動(dòng)詞non-finiteverbform原形baseform從句clause從屬句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名詞從

5、句nominalclause定語從句attributiveclause狀語從句adverbialclause賓語從句objectclause主語從句subjectclause同位語從句appositiveclause時(shí)間狀語從句adverbialclauseoftime地點(diǎn)狀語從句adverbialclauseofplace方式狀語從句adverbialclauseofmanner讓步狀語從句adverbialclauseofconcession原因狀語從句adverbialclauseofcause結(jié)果狀語從句adverbialclauseofresult目的狀語從句adverbialcla

6、useofpurpose條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofcondition真實(shí)條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真實(shí)條件狀語從句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄條件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition錯(cuò)綜條件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition句子sentence簡單句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence復(fù)合句complexsentence并列復(fù)合句compoundcomplexsentence陳述句declarat

7、ivesentence疑問句interrogativesentence一般疑問句generalquestion特殊疑問句specialquestion選擇疑問句alternativequestion附加疑問句tagquestion反義疑問句disjunctivequestion修辭疑問句rhetoricalquestion感嘆疑問句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence肯定句positivesentence否定句negativesentence祈使句imperativesentence省略句ellipticalsentence感嘆句exclamato

8、rysentence基本句型basicsentencepattern主語subject謂語predicate賓語object雙賓語dualobject直接賓語directobject間接賓語indirectobject復(fù)合賓語complexobject同源賓語cognateobject補(bǔ)語complement主補(bǔ)subjectcomplement賓補(bǔ)objectcomplement表語predicative定語attribute同位語appositive狀語adverbial句法關(guān)系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate從屬subordination修飾modifi

9、cation前置修飾pre-modification后置修飾post-modification限制restriction雙重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction數(shù)number單數(shù)形式singularform復(fù)數(shù)形式pluralform規(guī)則形式regularform不規(guī)則形式irregularform格case普通格commoncase所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase賓格objectivecase性gender陽性masculine陰性feminine通性common中性neuter人稱person第一人稱firstper

10、son第二人稱secondperson第三人稱thirdperson時(shí)態(tài)tense過去將來時(shí)pastfuturetense過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)pastfuturecontinuoustense過去將來完成時(shí)pastfutureperfecttense一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)presentsimpletense一般過去時(shí)pastsimpletense一般將來時(shí)futuresimpletense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)pastperfecttense過去完成時(shí)presentperfecttense將來完成時(shí)futureperfecttense現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)presentcontinuoustense過去進(jìn)行時(shí)pastcontinuou

11、stense將來進(jìn)行時(shí)futurecontinuoustense過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí)pastfuturecontinuoustense現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)時(shí)presentperfectcontinuoustense過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)pastperfectcontinuoustense語態(tài)voice主動(dòng)語態(tài)activevoice被動(dòng)語態(tài)passivevoice語氣mood陳述語氣indicativemood祈使語氣imperativemood虛擬語氣subjunctivemood否定negation否定范圍scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation轉(zhuǎn)移否定s

12、hiftofnegation語序order自然語序naturalorder倒裝語序inversion全部倒裝fullinversion部分倒裝partialinversion直接引語directspeech間接引語indirectspeech一致agreement主謂一致subject-predicateagreement語法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原則principleofproximity強(qiáng)調(diào)emphasis重復(fù)repetition語音pronunciation語調(diào)tone升調(diào)risingtone降調(diào)fallingtone降升調(diào)falling-risingtone文體style正式文體formal非正式文體informal口語spoken/oralEnglish套語formulisticexpression英國英語BritishEnglish美國英語AmericanEnglish用法usage感情色彩emotionalcoloring褒義commendatory貶義derogat