初中英語從句講解和練習(xí)

1、初中英語從句講解賓語從句一. 定義：賓語從句是指在一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)賓語的句子,如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.二. 賓語從句的特點(diǎn)：1. 賓語從句有自己的連接詞2.賓語從句用陳述語序3.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)三. 類型賓語從句與其他名詞性從句一樣,也有三種類型：1. 由附屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示陳述意義,連詞that常可被省略.例如：I hope that they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy. Can t you see that I m a bir

2、d?注意：1當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe等時(shí),賓語從句盡管要表示否認(rèn)意義,卻不用否認(rèn)形式,而將 think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉裾J(rèn)形式.如：I don t think he will come.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來.2兩個(gè)表示陳述意義的賓語從句并列時(shí),有時(shí)省去第一個(gè)從句的連詞that,但第二個(gè)從句的連詞that 一般不可以省略.如：He told me thatthey could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.2. 由附屬連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示是否有,能,已經(jīng)等一般疑問句的含義.例如:I wonde

3、r whether if he lives here.The teacher asked whether if they were getting ready for the English Evening. 如果要強(qiáng)調(diào) 究竟還是不,常用連詞whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句,后面再加 or not或直接在 whether后加or not.賓語從句要用陳述句語序.如：I d be interested to knowwhether he will see the film House of Flying Daggers or not.=I d be interested to know whether

4、 or no the will see the film House of Flying Daggers .3. 由連接代詞 who,whom,whose,what,which 和連接副詞 when,where,how,why等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示誰,誰的,什么, 哪個(gè),些,何時(shí),何地,怎樣,為什么等等特殊疑問句的意義.除了連接詞及被修飾的詞提前以外,賓語從句用陳述句語序.例如: To masked who could give the message to her mother.Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his

5、brother was.四. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)照應(yīng)：1.當(dāng)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)的時(shí)候,賓語從句可以用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài).2.主句是過去時(shí),賓語從句一般只能用過去時(shí)的某種形式；當(dāng)從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)或一般真理時(shí),賓語從句仍然用 現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài).3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must 一般不用于過去時(shí),但卻可以用于主句是過去時(shí)的賓語從句中.二. 賓語從句的語序；A.賓語從句的連接詞后加陳述語序主語在前,謂語在后,如：I want to know if he can come tomorrowB. 當(dāng)連接詞本身又是賓語從句的主語時(shí),后面直接加謂語動(dòng)詞,如： She asked me who had helped him三.

6、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài),只要記住以下口訣就可以了“主現(xiàn)那么從任,主過那么從過,客觀真理一般現(xiàn).A. 主現(xiàn)那么從任：主句如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),那么從句根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語需要從八種時(shí)態(tài)中任選一種,如：1.He tells me he likes English verymuch般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2. He asks me if I saw his brother yesterday 一般過去時(shí) 3.She wants to know what has happened現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 4.1 say that the world is changing all the time 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 5. He wonders what I

7、 was doing at five yesterday afternoon. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 6. My father tells me that he will fly to Qingdao for a holiday 現(xiàn)在將來時(shí)7. My sister says he had learn one thousand English words by the end of last term 過去完成時(shí) 8. My friends hopes me that I can help him含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) B. 主過那么從過：主句如果是一般過去時(shí),那么從句根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語需要從四種帶“過字的時(shí)態(tài)

8、中任選一種,帶“過字的時(shí)態(tài) 分別是如：1.一般過去時(shí),2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí),3.過去將來時(shí),4.過去完成時(shí)1. He told me that he liked playing football 一般過去時(shí)2.She asked me whether I was watching TV at this time last day 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 3.1 wanted to say that our team would beat them過去將來時(shí) 4.He wondered if I had finished my homework 過去完成時(shí) 5.1 said I could help him 含情

9、態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí) C. 客觀真理一般現(xiàn)：客觀真理永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),如： 1.He says the moon goes around the earth2. He told me that one and one makes two.狀語從句狀語從句是歷年中考的一個(gè)必考工程,一定要特殊注意.英語中,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分叫狀語 adverbial o狀語的功用：狀語說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等,根據(jù)狀語的功能狀語從句可分為：時(shí)間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句.一. 時(shí)間狀語從句：在一個(gè)句子中作時(shí)間狀語的句子

10、.時(shí)間狀語的連接詞：when 當(dāng)時(shí)候 while 當(dāng)時(shí)候 as 當(dāng)時(shí)候after 在以后before 在以前 as soonas 一就since 自從到現(xiàn)在 till /until 直到才 by the time 到為止依舊是連接詞后加陳述語序.舉例：l.when當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候一般情況下主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.當(dāng)莫扎特的時(shí)候,開始寫音樂作品.I will become a teacher when I grow up當(dāng)我長(zhǎng)大了,我要當(dāng)老師2. while 當(dāng)時(shí)He visi

11、ted a lot of places while he was traveling.他在旅途中參觀了許多地方.3. as在的同時(shí)；一邊一邊He smiled as he stood up.他一邊站起來一邊笑著.4. after在之后He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.前幾天做完作業(yè)之后回的家.5. before 在之前Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先生來這之前已經(jīng)在一家銀行里工作一年了.6.

12、 as soon as就 一般情況下主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).We began to work as soon as we got there.我們一到那就開始工作.I will write to you as soon as I get home.我一到家就給你寫信.7. since自以來 到現(xiàn)在表示自過去的一個(gè)起點(diǎn)時(shí)間到目前說話時(shí)間為止的一段持續(xù)時(shí)間.主句一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),從句用一般過去時(shí).Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago.自格林先生來中國(guó)以來,他就在這所學(xué)校教書

13、.還可以用作介詞,本句從句還可以用短語：since three years ago自三年前以來表示.8 till /until都可以作連詞,連接時(shí)間狀語,也可以作介詞,與其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語,在句中作狀語.They walked till /until it was dark.他們一直走到天黑.Xiao Ming didn t leave home till / until his father came back.小明直到他爸爸回來才離開家.9. by the time到為止所在句子的主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在或過去完成時(shí)By the time he gets there , his father has

14、already gone.他到家的時(shí)候,他爸爸已經(jīng)走了.By the time I got to school, the class had already began.我到校時(shí),已經(jīng)開始上課了.用法辨析：l.when, while和as的區(qū)別when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞.并且when有時(shí)表示就在那時(shí).例如：When she came in, I stopped eating.她進(jìn)來時(shí),我在吃飯.瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當(dāng)?shù)淖≡谵r(nóng)村時(shí),我常

15、常為他擔(dān)水.延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開,就在那時(shí)他進(jìn)來了.While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的,并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或者相對(duì)應(yīng).并且while有時(shí)還可以表示比照.例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV . was reading 是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,was reading 和 was watching 同時(shí)發(fā)生I like playing football while you like playing basketball

16、.我喜歡踢足球,而你喜歡打籃球.比照As表示“一邊一邊 ,as引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作,一般用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；as也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)“一先一后.例如：We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱.as表示一邊一邊As we was going out, it began to snow.當(dāng)我們出門時(shí),開始下雪了.as強(qiáng)調(diào)句中兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著先后發(fā)生,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)開始下雪的特定時(shí)間as when while 的辨析as when while都表示主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,三者差異如下：as表示“一邊.一邊的意思強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,并表示比照時(shí)用于發(fā)生時(shí)間較段時(shí)when1、還可以

17、表示從句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在主幾句動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前 或之后發(fā)生.2、when= and then; at that moment 正在那個(gè)時(shí)候3、常用于常見搭配中while1、用于時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)2、強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,并表示比照時(shí)有時(shí)這三個(gè)連詞可以互換,有時(shí)不可以.lt was raining hard when as I got there.我到那里時(shí),正在下大雨.動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,when可換為as,但不能換為while,由于get是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞.When I had read the article, he called me.我看完這篇文章之后,她給我打了 .從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前,注意時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá),只能用 w

18、hen When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.當(dāng)我到了電影院時(shí),電影已經(jīng)開演了.從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之后,只能用when,并要注意時(shí)態(tài)He was about to leave, when the telephone rang.他正要離開,忽然 響了.此時(shí)不能放在句首.主句動(dòng)詞一般表達(dá)“正在“即將.while, as不能代替She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.他以為我在談她女兒,然而,實(shí)際上在

19、談?wù)撐遗畠?表轉(zhuǎn)折,比照,when, as都不能代替它While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police.外星人買紀(jì)念品時(shí),那女孩給警察打了 .表示主句,從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,while后引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)動(dòng)詞不能是點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,由于它表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as when/ while father was away.媽媽擔(dān)憂,由于小愛麗絲病了,特別是他父親不在家的時(shí)候.此時(shí)as ,when, whil

20、e可通用2. 由till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句.till和until 一般情況下兩者可以互換,但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until.并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞時(shí),必須用否認(rèn)形式；如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),用肯定或否認(rèn)形式都可以,但表達(dá)的意思不同.例如：I didnt go to bed until till my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺.It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直至U散會(huì)之后他才開女臺(tái)教我英語.I work

21、ed until he came back.我工作到他回來為止.I didnt work until he came back.他回來我這才開始工作.Please wait until I arrived.在我到達(dá)之前請(qǐng)等我.3. 由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句.since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞,又可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞.一般情況下,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),而主句的 謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),表述為：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+since+一般過去時(shí).但在It is +時(shí)間+ since從句的句型中,主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).例如：I have been in Beijing since you left.自

22、從你離開以來,我一直在北京了.Where have you been since I last saw you?自上次我和你見面以后,你到哪里去了 It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.我妹妹不在匕京住有四年了.It is five months since our boss was in Beijing. 我4J老板離開匕京有五個(gè)月 了.知識(shí)擴(kuò)展1. It is since從.以來多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了 由于since +從句或名詞,表示一段時(shí)間 It is five years since we met last time.從我4上次見面已

23、經(jīng)五年了.2. It is +before -.才It was a long time before I went to sleep again.過了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間我才睡著.It was an hour before = until the police arrived.過了一個(gè)小時(shí),警察才來.二. 原因狀語從句：在一個(gè)句子中作時(shí)間狀語的句子.連接詞：由連詞 because, since, as引導(dǎo),也可由for, now that等詞引導(dǎo)1.I didn t go to school yesterday becausas ill.我昨天沒去上學(xué),由于我生病了.2. Since everybody

24、is here, let s begin our meeting.既然大家都來了,讓我們開始開會(huì)吧.3. As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.既然你身體不好,你就不該熬夜.4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her.我請(qǐng)她留下來喝茶,由于我有事要告訴她.用法辨析： because , since , as , for 辨析1 because語勢(shì)最強(qiáng),用來說明人所不知的原因,答復(fù)why提出的問題.當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或si

25、nce.I didn t go, because I was afraid.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗號(hào),那么可以用for來代替.但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加 以推斷,就只能用for.He is absent today, becaus e / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.三、條件狀語從句連接詞：if如果,unless =if not除非.讓步1.If it

26、 doesn t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨,我們就去遠(yuǎn)足.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí),就會(huì)取得好成績(jī).3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.我不會(huì)去參加聚會(huì)的,除非他也去.如果他不去,我也不去.4. You will be late unless you leave immediately.,當(dāng)主句是將來時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).如果你不馬上走,你將會(huì)退到的.=If you don t leave

27、 immediately, you will be late. 難點(diǎn)提示：用條件狀語從句時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)的正確使用 He will not leave if it isn t fine tomorrow.一般將來時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)t rain next week.They are going to have a picnic if it doesn 一般將來時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)果狀語從句是指在一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語的句子四、目的、結(jié)果狀語從句 目的狀語從句是指在一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)目的狀語的句子.目的狀語從句連接詞so that, sothat, in order that引導(dǎo).結(jié)果狀語從句連接詞sothat,

28、 such - that, so much/many - that引導(dǎo).1. so- that如此以至于The scientist s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.科學(xué)家的報(bào)告很有教育性,我們感到很興奮.He always studied so hard that he made great progress.他總是那么努力,所以他取得了很大的進(jìn)步.2. so that以至于,以便于I ll run slowly so that you can catch up with me.( 目的) I opened t

29、he window so that fresh air might come in.( 目的)3. such- that 如此 -以至It s such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.4.in order that=so that:為了We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements.5.上匕較：so和such其規(guī)律由so與such的不同詞性決定.such是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞詞組,so是副詞,只

30、能修飾形容詞或副詞.so還可與表示數(shù)量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用,形成固定搭配.so foolishsuch a fool so nice a flower such a nice flowerso many / few flowers such niceflowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people(so many已成固定搭配,a lot of雖相當(dāng)于 many,但a lot of為名詞性的,只能用 such搭配.)sothat與su

31、chthat之間的轉(zhuǎn)換既為so與such之間的轉(zhuǎn)換.The boy is so young that he can t go to school.He is such a young boy that he can t go to school難點(diǎn)so+形容詞或副詞so+形+a(an)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞so +many或few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that+much或little+不可數(shù)名詞 so that ,such- that都可以in order that兩者皆可引導(dǎo)目的地狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句, 當(dāng)他們引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí),從句的謂語里常常有 can, could, may, might, wil

32、l, would 等次.so +adj或adv.+ that, such +n.+ that以上兩種句型都表示結(jié)果,其中so為副詞,后接形容詞,副詞原型,當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞前有 many, few;不可數(shù)名詞前有 much, little修飾時(shí),應(yīng)采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n. such為形容詞,后只能接名詞.這名詞既可以地可數(shù)的,也可以是不可數(shù)的.如果這名詞是可數(shù)的,那么必須在名詞前加不定冠詞a(an).常見的形式是：such a(beautiful)garden, such(nice)people. 1. I ve had so many falls th

33、at I m black and blue all over.2. there are so few notebooks that I can t give you any.3.It is such nice weather that I d like to take a walk.4. Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him. (=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)5. The weather is so nice that I d like to take a wa

34、lk.五、讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句是指在句子中作讓步的狀語的句子連接詞：though, although., whetheror not難點(diǎn)：though, although當(dāng)雖然講,都不能和but連用.Although/though - but的格式是不對(duì)的.但是他們都可以同 yet (still)連 用.所以 thought (although) -yet(still)的格式是正確的.Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.雖然他很富有,然

35、而他并不快樂.Right : Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as childrenRight : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.盡管我們已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了 ,可是我們的父母仍把我們看作小孩.although, though辨析although不能though那樣用作副詞,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)要用 even though.1、He is looking fit, though.但是,他看上去很健康.考點(diǎn)2、Even though I didn t

36、under a word, I kept smiling.盡管我一個(gè)字也不懂,我還是一直微笑著.3、He is quite experienced, he is young, though.盡管他很年輕,他很有經(jīng)驗(yàn).典型例題1) she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless3) ever if, even though. 即使 We ll make a trip even though the weather is bad.盡管天氣很壞,我們?nèi)詫⒁ヂ眯?4) whetheror no

37、t 不管都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.不管你信不信,那是真的no matter 從句結(jié)構(gòu)：no matter +特殊疑問詞疑問詞+陳述語序或特殊疑問詞+后綴ever+陳述語序No matter what happened, he would not mind.Whatever happened, he would not mind.替換:no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = wheneverno matter where = wherever

38、 no matter which = whichever no matter how = however注意：no matter不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句.(錯(cuò))No matter what you say is not useful now. (對(duì))Whatever you say is not useful now.你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了.(Whatever you say是主語從句)(錯(cuò)) Prisoners have to eat no matter what they re given, (對(duì)) Prisoners have to eat whatever they re given.

39、囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么 定語從句定語是指在句子中用來修飾名詞、代詞的成分,如： I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.( 中beautiful就是定語) 定語從句是指在一個(gè)句子中作定語的句子,定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后,如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.定語從句的連接詞：1.連接代詞： who、which、whom、whose、that 2.連接副詞： when、where、why選用連接詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞,先行詞是指定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞,如：The bo

40、y who is playing football is my brother.(這里the boy就是先行詞)一、 連接代詞的選用：1.who指人,先行詞為人,在從句中做主語(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,先行詞為人,在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語,?？墒÷?(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. L

41、ing is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：關(guān)系代詞 whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替,可省略.(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend3. which指物,先行詞為物,在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時(shí)可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于 who或者whom ;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于 which

42、.在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,做賓語時(shí)可省略.(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語從句中做定語,譯成.的(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指

43、物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?介詞+連接代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句連接代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時(shí)從句常由介詞+連接代詞引導(dǎo)(1) The school (t

44、hat/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have ofte

45、n talked about.注意：1.含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語一般不拆開使用,如： look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 假設(shè)介詞放在連接代詞前,連接代詞指人時(shí)用whom,不可用who或者that;指物時(shí)用which,不能用that;連接代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (

46、T)(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. 介詞 +連接代詞前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of

47、whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities二、 連接副詞的選用：1. when指時(shí)間,在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time w

48、hen we got together finally came.2. where指地點(diǎn),在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因,在定語從句中做原因狀語(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：關(guān)系副

49、詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.三、判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的方法準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞,具體操作方法如下：提出定語從句,把先行詞補(bǔ)進(jìn)定語從句中,假設(shè)是先行詞作地點(diǎn)狀語就用Where,假設(shè)作時(shí)間狀語就用when,假設(shè)作原因狀語就用 why (先行詞一般為 the reason),其他情況那么用連接代詞,例 1. Is this the museum you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum