語言學選擇題(附答案)

1、語言學1. Aisthestudyofspeechsoundsinlanguageoralanguagewithreferencetotheirdistributionandpatterningandtotacitrulesgoverningpronunciation.A.PhonologyB.LexicographyC.LexicologyD.Morphology2. Cisdefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage,studyinglanguageingeneral.A.PsycholinguisticsB.NeurolinguisticsC.Linguis

2、ticsD.Phonetics3. Whichofthelinguisticitemslistedbelowisbestdescribedasthesmallestunitofmeaning?BA.thewordB.themorphemeC.thephonemeD.theclause4. Aprefixisanaffixwhichappears_B_.A.afterthestemB.beforethestemC.inthemiddleofthestemD.belowthestem5. Whichofthefollowingistrue?_CA. Phoneticsisthestudyofpro

3、nunciation.B. Phoneticsisthescientificstudyofthemovementofsoundwaves.C. Phoneticsisthescientificstudyofthesoundsoflanguage.D. Phoneticsisthescientificstudyoftheorgansofspeech.6. “Whafinsaname?ThatwhichwecallaroseByanyothernamewouldsmellassweetSoRomeowould,werehenotRomeocalled,w(RomeoandJuliet,Act2,S

4、cene2,435)TowhatcharacteristicoflanguagedoseShakespearerefer?_D_A.CreativityB.ProductivityC.DualityD.Arbitrariness7. Language,asasystem,consistsoftwosetsofstructuresortwolevels,whichisknownasA,oneofadesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.A.DualityB.DisplacementC.ProductivityD.Arbitrariness8. Thedifferentmemb

5、ersofaphoneme,soundswhicharephoneticallydifferentbutdonotmakeoneworddifferentfromanotherinmeaning,are_D_.A.phonemesB.phonesC.soundsD.allophones9. Whatiscomplementarydistribution?A_A. Differentplacesofoccurrenceofallophoneswithinaword.B. Whenaphonecanonlyoccurattheendofaword.C. Whenanallophoneoccursa

6、tthebeginningofaword.D. Contrastivedistributionofallophones10. Ddealswiththeanalysisandcreationofwords,idiomsandcollocations.A.MorphemeB.VocabularyC.RootD.Lexicon1. ColdandhotarecalledBantonyms.A. complementaryB. gradableC.reversalD.converse2. “regretthatIcan'thelpyou."ThisisanexampleofC.A.

7、representativesB.directivesC.expressivesD.commissives3. Whatisthedualityofthelanguage?_D_A.LettersandsoundsB.SoundsandsymbolsC.SymbolsandmeaningD.soundsandmeaning4. “boughtsomerosesAI'boughtsomeflowers".A.entailsB.presupposesC.isinconsistentwithD.issynonymouswith5. Ofthefollowinglinguists,_

8、C_shouldbegroupedintoPragueSchool.A.BloomfieldB.SaussureC.JakobsonD.Firth6. Damageinandaroundtheangulargyrusoftheparietallobeoftencausestheimpairmentofreadingandwritingability,whichisoftenreferredtoasacquired_C_.A.diglossiaB.aphasiaC.dyslexiaD.dysgraphia7. AADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguageestablished

9、auniformstandardforthespellingandworduse.A.SamuelJohnson'sB.BishopLowth'sC.Firth'sD.SamuelJohn's8. Whatisphonology?_B_A. Thestudyofhowspeechsoundsaremade,transmittedandreceivedB. Thestudyofthefunction,behaviorandorganizationofspeechsoundsaslinguisticitems.C. ThestudyoftheInternationa

10、lPhoneticAlphabet.D. Thestudyofallpossiblespeechsounds.9. Themorphemecast“inthecommonword“telecastisa(n)D.A.boundmorphemeB.boundformC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freemorpheme10. AphonemeisD.A. asetofdifferentrealizationofaphoneB. asetofcontrastiveallophonesinfreevariationC. asetofphonesincomplementarydist

11、ributionD. asetofphoneticallysimilarnoncontrastivephones1. Firstly,towhichoftheselanguagegroupsdoseEnglishbelong?AA.GermanicB.SlavonicC.romanceD.Baltic2. Whatisdefinedas“thstudyofsentencestructure"?-DA.MorphologyB.SemanticsC.PhonologyD.Syntax3. AccordingtoKrashen,_D_referstothegradualandsubcons

12、ciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.A.learningB.competenceC.performanceD.acquisition4. Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesormorphemes.Theaffix3d“inthewordlearned“isknownasa(n)_C_.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform5

13、. Cstudiesthetotalstockofmorphemesofalanguage,especiallythoseitemswhichhaveclearsemanticreferences.A.PhonologyB.LexicologyC.MorphologyD.Lexicography6. AsatypeoflinguisticsysteminL2learning,A_isaproductofL2training,mothertongueinterference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcomm

14、unicativestrategiesofthelearner.A.interlanguageB.interferenceC.languagetransferD.linguisticrelativity7. Ameansthelackofalogicalconnectionbetweentheformofsomethinganditsexpressioninsounds.A.ArbitrarinessB.AbstractnessC.AmbiguityD.Fuzziness8. ThetermBlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproa

15、chwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative9. Whenaspeechsoundchangesandbecomesmorelikeanothersoundthatfollowsorprecedesit,itissaidtobeD.A.nasalizedB.voicedC.aspiratedD.assimilated10. F.deSaussureisa(n)

16、_C_linguist.A.AmericanB.BritishC.SwissD.Russian1. N.Chomskyisa(n)Alinguist.A.AmericanB.CanadaC.SwissD.French2. TheSapir-WhorfHypothesishastwothrusts:_B_and.A. Linguisticdescription,LinguisticdeterminismB. Linguisticdeterminism,LinguisticrelativityC. Linguisticrelativity,LinguisticdescriptionD. Lingu

17、isticdeterminism,Linguisticperformance3. AspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesandusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguageforrestrictedpurposeisA.A.pidiginB.creoleC.dialectD.blends4. By_B_,werefertowordformswhichdifferfromeachotheronlybyonesound,e.g.pin"andbin".A.complementallydist

18、ributionB.minimalpairC.AdjacencypairD.codeswitching5. WhentwosoundsneveroccurinthesameenvironmenttheysaidtobeinA.A.complementarydistributionB.freevariationC.co-occurrenceD.minimalpair6. DcenturyisconsideredtobethebeginningofModernEnglish.A.18thB.17thC.19thD.16th7. Conventionallya_B_isputinslashes.A.

19、allophoneB.phonemeC.phoneD.morpheme8. Disaprincipleofscientificmethod,basedonthebeliefthattheonlythingsvalidenoughtoconfirmorrefuteoscientifictheoryareinterpersonallyobservablephenomena,ratherthanpeoplessintrospectionsorintuitions.A.MentalismB.FunctionalgrammarC.CasegrammarD.Behaviorism9. Accordingt

20、oSearle,thoseillocutionaryactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalledC.A.expressivesB.directivesC.commisivesD.declaratives*10.A_C_isoftenseenaspartofaword,butitcanneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.A.morphemeB.wordC.rootD.phoneme1. Linguisticsisthescient

21、ificstudyof_C_.A.aparticularlanguageB.theEnglishlanguageC.humanlanguageingeneralD.thesystemofaparticularlanguage2. AisthelanguagethatalearnerconstructsatagivenstageofSLA.A.InterlanguageB.IdeologyC.DialectD.Interference3. Phonologicalrulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalled

22、_Brule.A.DeletionB.SequentialC.superasegmentalD.Assimilation4. “Theresnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto”.ThisistheBviewconcerningthestudyofmeaning.A.namingtheoryB.conceptualistC.contextualistD.behaviorist5. Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintostops,fricatives,nasals,etc.,intermsofA

23、.A.mannerofarticulationB.opennessofmouthC.placeofarticulationD.voicing6. AccordingtoChomsky,Aistheidealuser'sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage.A.competenceB.paroleC.performanceD.langue7. Aisnotasuprasegmentalfeature.A.AspirationB.IntonationC.StressD.Tone8. AisaphenomenonthatL2learnerssubconscio

24、uslyusetheirL1languageintheirlearningprocess.B. BlendingD. CooperativeA.LanguagetransferC.Interference9. _C_areaffixesaddedtoanexistingformtocreateanewword,e.g.in-,-er.A.inflectionalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.derivationalmorphemeD.root10. Writingisthesecondarylanguageformbasedon_B_.A.soundB.speechC.ges

25、tureD.sign1. Ccoversthestudyoflanguageuseinrelationtocontext,andinparticularthestudyoflinguisticcommunication.A.SemanticsB.SociolinguisticsC.PragmaticsD.Linguistics2. Morphemesthatrepresenttense","number"gender”,case”andsoonarecalledAmorphemes.A.inflectionalB.freeC.boundD.derivational

26、3. Whichofthefollowingisnotacompoundword?_C_A.clearwayB.rainbowC.scarcityD.without4. Thefactthatabilitytospeakalanguageistransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationbyprocessoflearning,andnotgeneticallyisreferredtoasA.A.culturetransmissionB.performanceC.competenceD.acquisition5. _C_isthelanguageofAngles,Sa

27、xonsandJuteswhoinvadedBritainafterAD450.A.OldNorseB.CleticC.OldEnglishD.MiddleEnglish6. Agroupoftwoormoreconsonantstogetherinasyllableiscalleda(n)_C_.A.arrestingclusterB.releasingclusterC.consonantclusterD.syllable7. Thesemanticfeaturesofthewordwoman"canbeexpressedas_C_.A. +ANIMATE,-HUMAN,+ADUL

28、T,+MALEB. +ANIMATE,+HUMAN,-ADULT,+MALEC. +ANIMATE,+HUMAN,+ADULT,-MALED. +ANIMATE,-HUMAN,-ADULT,-MALE8. Aistorefertoanauxiliarylanguageusedtoenableroutinecommunicationtotakeplacebetweengroupsofpeoplewhospeakdifferentnativelanguages.A.LinguafrancaB.DialectC.PidginD.Ethnicdialect9. A-isthestudyoftherel

29、ationshipbetweenbrainandlanguage,includingresearchintohowthestructureofthebraininfluenceslanguagelearning.A.NeurolinguisticsB.PsyhcholingisticsC.AppliedLinguisticsD.Sociolinguistics10. Modernsynchroniclinguisticstraditionallydatesfromthe_B_ofSwissscholarFerdinanddeSaussure.A.SyntacticstructureB.Cour

30、sdeLinguitiqueGeneralC.DeLinguaLatinaD.LanguageandMind1. AccordingtothestrongversionoftheAhypothesis,languagedeterminesspeakers'perceptionsandpatternstheirwayoflife.A.SapirWhorfB.inputC.GrimD.Innateness2. Whichofthefollowingistrue?_D_A. Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobein

31、gbeforethespokenform.B. Acompoundisthecombinationofonlytwowords.C. ThedivisionofEnglishintooldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.D. Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.3. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnot

32、true?_D_A. Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.B. LanguageishumanspecificC. LanguageisrelativelystableandsystematicwhileparoleissubjecttopersonalandsituationalconstraintsD. ThefirstlanguagewasinventedbyAdam,thefirstman.4. Agroupofpeoplewhodoinfacthavetheopportunitytoint

33、eractwitheachotherandwhosharenotjustasinglelanguagewithitsrelatedvarietiesbutalsoattitudesto-wardlinguisticnormsaredefinedas_B_.A.speechvarietyB.speechcommunityC.registerD.sociolect5. Yourmoneyoryourlife?”isanexampleofC.A.representativeB.expressiveC.directivesD.commissives6. Whichofthefollowingdisti

34、nctivefeaturescanbeusedtoseparatepandb?_D_A.stopB.fricativesC.bilabialD.voiced7. Dstudiesthetotalstockofmorphemesofalanguageparticularlythoseitemswhichhaveclearsemanticreferences.A.LexicographyB.PhonologyC.LexicologyD.Morphology8. Ctheorizedthatacquisitionoflanguageisaninnateprocessdeterminedbybiolo

35、gicalfactorswhichlimittheimportantperiodforacquisitionofalanguagefromroughlytwoyearsofagetopuberty.A.InputhypothesisB.InteractionhypothesisC.CriticalperiodhypothesisD.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis9. Anexampleof_C_wouldbethechangeinmeaningundergonebytheOEword,docga,moderndaydog.InOEdocgareferredtoaparticular

36、breedofdog,whileinmodernusageitreferstotheclassofdogsasawhole.A.semanticdegradationsB.semanticreductionsC.semanticextensionsD.semanticelevation10. AccordingtoChomsky,thechildisbornwithabuiltinsetofrules,whichhavethespecificfunctionofenablinghertoconstructthegrammarofhermothertongue.Thisviewistobesee

37、nas_C_.A.InputhypothesisB.X-theoryC.LanguageacquisitiondeviceD.Universalgrammar1. Old“andYoung“areapairof_D_opposites.A.complementaryB.relationalC.converseD.gradable2. Systemic-FunctionalGrammar,oneofthemostinfluentiallinguistictheoriesinthe20thcentury,isputforwardby_B_.A.ChomskyB.HallidayC.FirthD.M

38、alinowski3. VowelsthatareproducedbetweenthepositionsforafrontandbackvowelarecalledDvowel.A.backB.frontC.unroundedD.central4. FromHalliday'sviewpoint,languageisaformofrealizationof_D_ratherthanaformofrealizationof.A.knowing,doingB.thinking,knowingC.doing,thinkingD.doing,knowing5. Dbelievesthatlan

39、guagelearningissimplyamatterofimitationandhabitformation.A.TheinnatistB.TheinteractionistC.ThebehavioristD.Thementalist6. Cstudiesthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsound,astransmittedbetweenmouthandear.A.ArticulatoryphoneticsB.PhysiologicalphoneticsCAcousticphoneticsD.Auditoryphonetics7. Creativityrefers

40、to_B_.A. theunconsciousknowledgethatlanguageusershaveintheirmindsB. thecapacityoflanguageuserstoproduceandunderstandanindefinitelylargenumberofsentencesC. apropertyclaimedtobecharacteristicofalllanguagesD. animals'capacitytolearnmorethanonhumanlanguage8. Fossilizationisaprocess_A_.A. inwhichinco

41、rrectlinguisticfeaturesbecameapermanentpartofalearner'scompetenceB. inwhichincorrectaswellascorrectlinguisticfeaturesbecameapermanentpartofalearnermpetesice,butthecorrectitemsgraduallydeletetheincorrectitemsC. whichcanhappenasaresultofteachers'disapprovalofanincorrectitemD.AandCarecorrect9.

42、Competence"referstoB.A. knowledgeofmeaningofwordsandsentencesB. aspeaker'sunconsciousknowledgeabouthis/herlanguageC. theactualuseofaspeaker'sunconsciousknowledgeabouthis/herlanguageD. thelawsthatpertaintoalllanguagesthroughouttheworld10. _A_referstounintentionallydeviationfromtheadultgr

43、ammarofanativespeaker.A.AnerrorB.AmistakeC.AslipofthetongueD.Fossilization1. Cisamultiwordconstructionthatisasemanticunitwhosemeaningcannotbededucedfromthemeaningsofitsconstituents.A.semanticcomponentB.collocationC.idiomD.reference2. Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleissimilartothatbetween_B_.A.pr

44、escriptiveanddescriptiveB.competenceandperformanceC. speech and writingD.synchronicanddiachronic3. Nouns,verbs,andadjectivescanbeclassifiedasA.A.openclasswordsB.grammaticalwordsC.closedclasswordsD.functionwords4. Whatisthemeaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords"fuB_ture/bed”?A.polysemyB.hyponymyC

45、.homonymyD.antonymy5. Whichdescriptionofcomponentialanalysisfortheword“womanisright?A.+human,-adult,-maleB.+human,+adult,-maleC.+human,+adult,+maleD.+human,-adult,+male6. ThetypeoflanguagewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeofsituationisaB.A.regionaldialectB.registerC.fieldD.repertoire7. Instructur

46、algrammar,distributionalanalysisisusedtodefineD,whicharetakenasthebasicbuildingblocks.A.morphemesB.wordsC.syllableD.phonemes8. SpeechActTheory"wasproposedbyDin1962.A.SaussureB.ChomskyC.JaneAustinD.JohnAustin9. Themajornewdevelopmentinlinguisticsin20thcenturywas_D_grammar.A.speculativeB.traditio

47、nalC.structuralD.transformational-generative10. Areferstothetendencyofmanylearnerstostopdevelopingtheirinter-languagegrammarinthedirectionofthetargetlanguage.A.FossilizationB.ErroranalysisC.OvergeneralizationD.Interference1. ThemostrecognizabledifferencebetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein_D

48、_andvocabulary.A.structureB.grammarC.usageD.pronunciation2. ThestudyofhowwedothingswithutteranceisthestudyofC,thenatureofwhichisdeterminedbycontext.A.contextB.pragmaticsC.speechactD.semanticsfor3. A(n)A_isamild,indirectorlessoffensivewordorexpressionthatreplacesataboowordorservestoavoidmoredirectwor

49、dingthatmightbeharsh,unpleasantlydirect,oroffensive,e.g.die"."passawayA.euphemismsB.deleteC.coinageD.taboo4. Inmanysocietiesoftheworld,wefindalargenumberofpeoplewhospeakmorethanonelanguage.Asacharacteristicofsocieties,Binevitablyresultsfromthecomingintocontactofpeoplewithdifferentculturesa

50、nddifferentlanguages.A.transferB.bilingualismC.diglossiaD.inter-language5. Pragmaticsdiffersfromtraditionalsemanticsinthatitstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butin_D_.A.relationshipB.dependenceC.sentenceD.context6. Cisadesignfeatureofhumanlanguagethatenablesspeakerstotalkaboutawiderangeofthings,freefromb

51、arrierscausedbyseparationintimeandspace.A.culturaltransmissionB.dualityC.displacementD.productivity7. Traditionalgrammariansbeginwith_B_definitionofthesentenceandcomponents.A.structuralB.notionalC.descriptiveD.prescriptive8. Aisdefinedasanyregionallyorsociallydefinablehumangroupidentifiedbysharedlin

52、guisticsystem.A. Speech communityB. A raceC. A societyD. A country9. AinvasionsestablishedthreemajorgroupsinEngland:Saxons,AnglesandJutes.A.GermanicB.NormanC.FrenchD.Roman10. Japaneseistheonlymajorlanguagethatuses_D_writingsystem.A.aword-writingB.alogographicC.analphabeticD.asyllabic1. Cisonewhosedi

53、stributionisfunctionallyequivalenttothatofoneormoreofitsconstituents,i.e.awordorgroupofwords,whichservesasadefinable“center"or"head".A.ExocentricconstructionB.CoordinationC.EndocentricconstructionD.Collocation2. Ofthefollowinglinguists,_A_shouldnotbegroupedintoAmericanschool.A.FirthB.

54、SapirC.BloomfieldD.Boas3. Whenpeoplelearnaforeignlanguageforexternalgoalssuchaspassingexams,financialrewardsorfurtheringacareer,wesaytheylearnaforeignlanguagewitha(n)D.A.intrinsicmotivationB.resultativemotivationC.integrativemotivationD.instrumentalmotivation4. WhatisthesenserelationinthesentenceMyu

55、nmarriedsisterismarriedtoabachelor._B_"A.PresupposeB.ContradictionC.EntailmentD.Inconsistent5. -TRUTH.-Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.-Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.ThosecanbedefinedasthefeaturesofBofGriceanmaxims.A.maximofquantityB.maximofqualityC.maximofrelationD.maximofmanner6

56、. Ccausedbythedifferingratesofvibrationofthevocalcordsreferstotheuseofpitchinlanguagetodistinguishwords.A.IntonationB.StressC.ToneD.Aspiration7. Cisasociallyprestigiousdialectthatissupportedbyinstitutions.A.EthnicdialectB.IdeolectC.StandarddialectD.Creole8. Whichofthefollowingcountryarethoseloanword

57、sgarage,champion,beauty,parliament"borrowedfromD.A.LatinB.DutchC.GermanD.French9. InthesentenceTheangrymanwentfuriouslythroughtherooms."Thefirstdivisionintoimmediateconstituteshouldbebetween_B_.A.angryandmanB.manandwentC.furiouslyandthroughD.Theandangry10. Creferstotheeffectoftheutterance.B. Locutionary actD. Speech actA.IllocutionaryactC.Perlocutionaryact1. Theconsonantsound/p/isdescribedas_A.A.voicelessbilabialstopB.voicelessalveolarstopC.voicedbilabialstopD.voicedalveolarstop2. Anewwordcreatedbycuttingthefinalpartor