初中完形填空做題技巧及練習(xí)

1、一、相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)講解（一）中考完形填空試題說明共10小題，每小題1分。在一篇150200詞的短文中留出10個空白，要求考生從每題所給的4個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。（二） 命題特點(diǎn)及選材特點(diǎn)完形填空是一種要求高、綜合性強(qiáng)的語言測試題，以閱讀為形式，以上下文為線索，以理解能力、詞匯知識、語法知識、習(xí)慣用法以及分析判斷能力為解題基礎(chǔ)，是一種較高層次的閱讀理解題。所選題材多樣，但都貼近學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性；體裁多以記敘文為主，也有說明文、議論文等。所選短文其難度略低于閱讀理解題的短文。（三）考查范圍1詞語辨析、基本句型、基礎(chǔ)語法; 2固定搭配

2、與習(xí)慣表達(dá)；3閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理、判斷能力。近年來，完形填空題單純考語法的題目很少，越來越側(cè)重對綜合語言應(yīng)用能力、閱讀理解能力的考查。其中，詞匯運(yùn)用能力的考查表現(xiàn)為要求考生在一定的語境下表達(dá)詞匯的語義、詞匯的搭配，特別關(guān)注上下文的行文邏輯和相互照應(yīng)。（四）完形填空試題的一般解題思路 1跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格，通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文，獲得整體印象，即了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)，以及情節(jié)發(fā)展的前因后果 ；通讀全文時，盡量避免文章空格的影響，初步搞清文章的大概意思即可。不要糾纏于一句話、一個空，否則會斷章取義，進(jìn)入誤區(qū)。（時間：3分鐘）2結(jié)合選項(xiàng)、綜合考慮、初定答

3、案。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合所給備選項(xiàng)細(xì)讀全文，聯(lián)系上、下文內(nèi)容，注意從上、下文的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語搭配及從選擇項(xiàng)中尋找解題的提示，以詞、句的意義為先，再從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，根據(jù)短文意思、語法規(guī)則、詞語固定搭配等進(jìn)行綜合考慮，對備選項(xiàng)逐一進(jìn)行分析、比較和篩選，排除干擾項(xiàng)、初步選定答案。 3瞻前顧后、先易后難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧后、通篇考慮、先易后難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能確定答案的，先跳過這一空格，繼續(xù)往下做，最后回過頭來再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。這時可結(jié)合已確定答案的選項(xiàng)再讀一遍短文，隨著對短文理解的深入，可以降低試題的難度，提高選擇的正確率。 4復(fù)讀全文、逐

4、空驗(yàn)證、彌補(bǔ)疏漏。完成各道題選擇后，把所選的答案代入原文，再把全文通讀一篇，逐空認(rèn)真復(fù)查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前后連貫、順理成章，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否正確，是否符合習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。如發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤答案或有疑問的，應(yīng)再次推敲、反復(fù)斟酌、做出修正。 （五）完形填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些中考完形填空拋棄了傳統(tǒng)的“語法知識型”命題模式，轉(zhuǎn)變成“情境能力型”的命題趨勢。它的一個顯著特點(diǎn)就是突出語篇，即重在文意的干擾，把具體的語言知識融進(jìn)具體的語言情境中去，考查學(xué)生通過上下文對整體文意進(jìn)行把握的能力。1從文章結(jié)構(gòu)看（1）首句通常不設(shè)空，以便考生對短文前提和背景有個較清楚的了解，從而使考生盡快熟悉語境、推測文章大意。（2）

5、短文設(shè)空平均密度為25個單詞一個空。2從語言層次看考點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)對把握語段的要求在提高。我們可以把考點(diǎn)分為三個層次，即句子層次、句群層次和語篇層次。（1）句子層次的設(shè)空指那些只需讀懂設(shè)空所在句便可選出答案的題目。（2）句群層次的設(shè)空指根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容，經(jīng)過推理判斷可以得到答案的題目。前制性設(shè)空例：It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to _ in front of all the teachers and studen

6、ts of my school!A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance后制性設(shè)空例：1). Nobody _ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you dont like me ”A. believed B. liked C. hated D. knew 2). Country music comes from _ kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the eastern United

7、 States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West.A. many B. all C. two D. three3. 語篇性設(shè)空 I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 1 him achieved all Id expected. Soon he will celebrate his 1

8、8th birthday. He will be a man. (最后一句話)1. A. comfort B. please C. attract D. educate（六）作答時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題 1完形填空的短文通常沒有標(biāo)題，且文章的首句和尾句一般不設(shè)空，要特別注重對首、尾句的理解，因?yàn)樗鼈兺崾净螯c(diǎn)明文章的主題，對理解全文有較大幫助。 2第一遍通讀帶有空缺單詞的短文時可能一時把握不住短文內(nèi)容，弄不清頭緒，這是很正常的。此時要注意克服畏難情緒和急躁心理，應(yīng)穩(wěn)定情緒，再將短文讀一、二遍，直到明確大意為止。 3做題時切勿一看到一個空格就急著選出一個答案，這樣往往只見樹木不見樹林。由于缺乏全局觀

9、念，極易導(dǎo)致連續(xù)選錯。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁詹煌趩蝹€句子的選詞填空，其空白處是位于一篇文章之中，因此必須縱觀全文、通篇考慮。 4每篇完形填空所設(shè)的空多以實(shí)詞為主，所提供的四個備選項(xiàng)中只有一個是正確的，其它三項(xiàng)均為干擾項(xiàng)。而干擾項(xiàng)也多半與前、后的句子或詞組可以形成某種搭配，即如單從語法角度判斷則無法確定，還必須從語篇意義上加以鑒別。 5動筆時先易后難，先完成容易、有把握的答案，這樣可以增強(qiáng)自信心，然后再集中精力解決難點(diǎn)。對于實(shí)在無法確定的，可以從文中同樣結(jié)構(gòu)或類似結(jié)構(gòu)中尋找提示，大膽地作出猜測。 二、例題講解通過上下文暗示進(jìn)行判斷例 1. - She had got a(n) ( 36 ) and ne

10、eded a blood transfusion(輸血）from her five-year-old brother, who had had the same disease but ( ) stayed alive.( )36. A. accident B. problem C. disease例 2. - No matter when my friends saw him pass by, they would (38), “Hey, deaf(聾子) and dumb(啞巴)”, -There were no friends around to shout the usual word

11、s of “greeting”.( )38. A. sing B. run C. shout例 3. In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate of a train station. He was playing his _16_. His music was so great that many people put money into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violi

12、n as usual. ( )16. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. sax通過邏輯推理進(jìn)行判斷由一個或幾個已知的判斷（前提），推導(dǎo)出一個未知的結(jié)論的思維過程。 例 1. -For a long time she stood in the basket silently. and only kept her eyes (45) to look at all the wonderful sights below. ( ) 45. A. closed B. open C. clean例 2. - “Hey, deaf and dumb , whats the tim

13、e?” They told me that he could neither hear nor (39). ( ) 39. A. speak B. see C. answer例 3. - “Will I start to (45) right away?” Being young, the boy had misunderstood the doctor, he thought he was going to have to give her all his blood. ( ) 45. A. relax B. sleep C. die例 4.When we talked, I discove

14、red（發(fā)現(xiàn)） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _44_ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class. （ ）44. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later例 4.My mother often asked me，“What is the

15、most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My 17 ，Mommy” She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聾的）17. A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head通過詞義辨析進(jìn)行判斷此類試題的命題，往往是以同類的詞為主，我們不需要去進(jìn)行具體的辨析，但是我們也要根據(jù)文章的意思來進(jìn)行推斷。 例1.- “Jessies dad took her to ride in a red, blue and yel

16、low hot air balloon. It rose from ground and moved slowly the sky. Jessie ( ) forests and many beautiful lakes and rivers. ( ) 37. A. saw B. noticed C. watched根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)或固定搭配進(jìn)行判斷例 1.- He thought for only a moment before taking a ( 41 ) breath and saying, “Yes, Ill do it if it will ( ) Lisa.” ( ) 41. A.

17、deep B. loud C. final例 2.When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking48. A. for B. of C. with D. to例 3.In the morning, the king went to visit the pond. To

18、his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea 48 that man. 48. A. with B. to C. as D. of根據(jù)語法分析進(jìn)行判斷As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them. I think Ill also make many good 25 and live with them, because I d

19、ont like living alone. 25. A. friend B. friends C. friends D. friends根據(jù)背景知識進(jìn)行判斷All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools. 32. A. all B. none C. some D. both根據(jù)生活常識進(jìn)行

20、判斷在日常生活中，餓了就要吃東西，渴了就要喝東西，累了就要休息，冷了添衣服，熱了脫衣服等是約定俗成的事。例1: - The old man looked at me. Then he looked at his ( ) and replied, “Its 5:30”.( ) A. umbrella B. home C. watch例2: - “When fish are hungry, they will bite(咬) ( ) anything.”( ) A. never B. hardly C. almost 三、當(dāng)堂練習(xí)(一)Sometimes you may not understan

21、d your parents. One minute theyre friendly, the next minute theyre shouting and screaming loudlyenough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so 85 ? You, probably! When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before l

22、ong youll be doing it without thinking. Even though you may not realize it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But theyre not buying themselves new things every week, are they?The simple truth is that there are more 87 things to spend money on, like the electricity bill and food. You may hat

23、e missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. Even if you 88 , your parents wont change their minds. Parents like to show off their family. The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives.

24、Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that theyll probably allow you to go to the next two 89 .You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your pa

25、rents feel when you say youre not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough.Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to 91 after the meal. Your offer may not be accepted, but your parents will be pleased.( ) 85. A. friendly B. lonelyC. c

26、hangeable D. comfortable( ) 86. A. hang them up B. leave them alone C. put them on D. throw them away( ) 87. A. interesting B. difficult C. important D. surprising( ) 88. A. agree B. complain C. listen D. win( ) 89. A. concertsB. meetingsC. classes D. parties( ) 90. A. In additionB. In return C. At

27、most D. At last( ) 91. A. do the cooking B. lay the table C. buy some snacks D. wash the dishes(二)Several weeks ago, our headmaster, Mr. Gaudi, told us that our school had been chosen to compete on Smart Alecka game show which my best friend Carla and I both love. Carla has a good imagination, and I

28、 know a lot of history, so we thought wed be good _35_ for the team.A few days later, Mr. Gaudi held a meeting with everyone interested in the_36_ . He told us that Smart Aleck uses a five member team. He also said that three more people would be needed as backup（替補(bǔ)）. Unluckily four times that many

29、students were at the meeting. So Mr. Gaudi said we would have a _37_ and the top eight scorers would become the team and the backup. Everybody agreed that this was a _38_ way to decide.Yesterday, all of the hopefuls went to the dining hall after school. We would have to decide the starting line-up（陣

30、容）.Mr. Gaudi acted as the host. After a couple of hours, all the _39_ on the team were set except one. Carla and I _40_ for that last position. We had to hold a one-on-one competition between the two of us. The winner would be on the team and the loser would be the backup.Midway through our two-pers

31、on competition,I was starting to pull ahead._41_ I saw the look on Carlas face. I waited for a second and knew what I had to do. As much as I wanted to be on Smart Aleck,Carla wanted _42_ even more. So, starting with my next question, I held back and let Carla _43_,just by a little bit. Her expressi

32、on as she _44_ she would be on the show made up for my not being on the team. And since I will go as backup, Ill still have the fun of seeing the show up close.Was I _45_ by not trying as hard as I could? I dont think so. No one noticed, and Carla and I didnt _46_ it. It wont hurt the team because C

33、arla will be a very good competitor on the real show. I think that making my best friend happy was the right thing to do.35. A. choicesB. pairsC. leadersD. fans36. A. courseB. workC. trip D. show37. A. directionB. discussionC. competitionD. conversation38. A. specialB. hardC. fairD. funny39. A. plac

34、esB. rulesC. namesD. orders40. A. tiedB. clappedC. criedD. returned41. A. StillB. NeverC. ThenD. Again42. A. usB. itC. meD. her43. A. waitB. turnC. moveD. win44. A. acceptedB. realizedC. consideredD. decided45. A. coming B. refusingC. helpingD. cheating46. A. meanB. planC. regretD. say四、作業(yè)These days

35、，it is easier for us to travel to other countries than ever beforeHowever，there is a big difficulty that most of us 41 when we meet people in other countrieswe cannot communicate with them. There are 42 where English is still not spoken，though it is the most widely known languageSo，wouldnt it be 43

36、if there was one language that could be understood by anyone anywhere in the world? Esperanto that was created in 1887 may be the worlds 44 truly international languageIn fact，although 45 artificial(人造的) languages have been already created，only Esperanto has had much successIts learners say that it

37、is about four times 46 to learn than other languagesSpelling and pronunciation are both easy，tooFor example，it does not have silent 47 like the“h”in“honest”If you 48 a word，you can spell it without any difficultyThe grammar is also as simple as possible：only sixteen basic 49 ，no irregular verbs(不規(guī)則動

38、詞)，only six verb endings In short，Esperanto should be attractive(有吸引力的) as a language to learn， 50 there is a problem：how many people have met anyone who can really speak it? Anyway，we hope that some day one language can be mastered easily by anyone41Aneed Bmiss Cface Dtouch42Aoffices Bschools Ccities Dplaces43Asafe Bnice Cfunny Ddifficult44Afirst Banother Clast Dother45Alittle Ba little Cfew Da few46Abetter Beasier Cslower Dshorter47Amarks Bparts Cwords Dletters48Ahear Bsee Cwatch Dnotice49Asubjects Bsentences Crules Dlessons50Aand Bbut Cso DbecauseMylifeisalwaysfilledwithsa