ChapterFive學(xué)生

1、14.1 Introduction（托收方式概述）托收方式概述） 4.2 Documentary Collection Practice（跟單托收實務(wù)）跟單托收實務(wù)） 4.3 Risk Protection and Financing Under Collection Methods（托收業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險防范與資金融通）托收業(yè)務(wù)風(fēng)險防范與資金融通） 金融系 劉玲24.1.1 What is a collection? Collection is an arrangement whereby the goods are shipped and a relevant bill of exchange is

2、 drawn by the seller in the buyer, and / or shipping documents are forwarded to the sellers bank with clear instructions for collection through one of its correspondent bank located in the domicile of the buyer.托收是這樣一種安排，即出口商在貨物裝運后，開出以進口商為付托收是這樣一種安排，即出口商在貨物裝運后，開出以進口商為付款人的相關(guān)匯票，將匯票和（或）運貨單據(jù)連同其明確的托收指款人的

3、相關(guān)匯票，將匯票和（或）運貨單據(jù)連同其明確的托收指示交給出口地銀行，委托出口地銀行通過其在進口商所在地的往示交給出口地銀行，委托出口地銀行通過其在進口商所在地的往來銀行向進口商收取貨款。來銀行向進口商收取貨款。金融系 劉玲3According to the definition given in the Uniform Rules for Collections, collection means the handling by banks, on instructions received, of documents, in order to:(1) obtain acceptance an

4、d/or, as the case may be, payment;（獲得付款及獲得付款及/或承兌；）或承兌；）(2) deliver commercial documents against acceptance or, as the case may be, against payment;（憑付款及憑付款及/或承兌交或承兌交出單據(jù)；）出單據(jù)；）(3) deliver documents on other terms and conditions.（以其以其他條款和條件他條款和條件交出單據(jù)。）交出單據(jù)。）金融系 劉玲4“以其他條款和條件以其他條款和條件”常見到的是：常見到的是：“以交來本票

5、以交來本票/ /信信托收據(jù)托收據(jù)/ /承諾書等承諾書等”。單據(jù)指金融單據(jù)單據(jù)指金融單據(jù)（Financial Documents)Financial Documents)及及/ /或商業(yè)單據(jù)或商業(yè)單據(jù)（Commercial Documents)Commercial Documents) 。金融單據(jù)指匯、本、支票或其他用于獲得貨幣付款相似金融單據(jù)指匯、本、支票或其他用于獲得貨幣付款相似的票據(jù)。的票據(jù)。商業(yè)單據(jù)指發(fā)票、運輸單據(jù)、物權(quán)單據(jù)或其他相似單據(jù)，商業(yè)單據(jù)指發(fā)票、運輸單據(jù)、物權(quán)單據(jù)或其他相似單據(jù)，或不是金融單據(jù)的其他任何單據(jù)。或不是金融單據(jù)的其他任何單據(jù)。金融系 劉玲5 The principa

6、l 委托人委托人(seller/exporter/drawer/consignor);The principal is usually the exporter who entrusts the collection items to the bank. The principal consign the bank to receive the amount of the draft from overseas debtor, can also be called drawer . of the principal according to trade contract: shipment i

7、n time and provide the documents according with the contract.指在托收業(yè)務(wù)中，簽發(fā)匯票并委托銀行代為收款的人。由于委托人指在托收業(yè)務(wù)中，簽發(fā)匯票并委托銀行代為收款的人。由于委托人通常開具匯票委托他的銀行向國外債務(wù)人收款，所以通常也稱為通常開具匯票委托他的銀行向國外債務(wù)人收款，所以通常也稱為出票人出票人( (Drawer)Drawer)。金融系 劉玲6The remitting bank 托收行托收行;This is the bank that accept the entrustment of the principal and ac

8、hieve the collection by its overseas correspondent .Such a bank is normally the exporters bank.也稱為寄單行，它還是exporters bank、payee of the collection bill。指接受委托人的委托，并通過國外聯(lián)行或代理行完成收款指接受委托人的委托，并通過國外聯(lián)行或代理行完成收款業(yè)務(wù)的銀行。在托收業(yè)務(wù)中，托收行一般是債權(quán)人所在地業(yè)務(wù)的銀行。在托收業(yè)務(wù)中，托收行一般是債權(quán)人所在地的銀行。的銀行。The ：（1）check up the application for collec

9、tion and the documents（2）make a collection instruction金融系 劉玲7The collecting or presenting bank 代收行代收行/提示行提示行(importers bank);The bank that accept the consignment of remitting bank and get the payment from the debtor is the correspondent .代收銀行指接受托收銀行的委托代向債務(wù)人收款的國外聯(lián)行代收銀行指接受托收銀行的委托代向債務(wù)人收款的國外聯(lián)行或代理行。在托收業(yè)務(wù)

10、中，代收行一般是付款人所在地的銀或代理行。在托收業(yè)務(wù)中，代收行一般是付款人所在地的銀行。行。The :（1 1）check up the documents；（2）keep the documents ；（3）feed back the headway of collection in time;（4）deal with the goods prudently.金融系 劉玲8A presenting bank is usually a collecting bank.It may be another bank if a drawees residence or place of busine

11、ss is not in the same city as that of the collecting bank where the remitting bank has neither a correspondent nor a branch office.提示行指跟單托收項下向債務(wù)人提示匯票和單據(jù)的銀提示行指跟單托收項下向債務(wù)人提示匯票和單據(jù)的銀行。在一般情況下，向債務(wù)人提示匯票和單據(jù)的銀行。在一般情況下，向債務(wù)人提示匯票和單據(jù)的銀行就是代收行本身。如果代收行與債務(wù)人無往來關(guān)行就是代收行本身。如果代收行與債務(wù)人無往來關(guān)系，為了便利如期收款，代收行也可主動或應(yīng)付款系，為了便利如期收款，代收

12、行也可主動或應(yīng)付款人要求，委托付款人的往來銀行充當(dāng)提示行。人要求，委托付款人的往來銀行充當(dāng)提示行。金融系 劉玲9The drawee 付款人（付款人（buyer/importer);The payer is the debtor whom the draft has appointed and the collecting bank present the draft and documents to.指匯票中指定的付款人，也就是銀行向之提示匯票指匯票中指定的付款人，也就是銀行向之提示匯票和單據(jù)的債務(wù)人。和單據(jù)的債務(wù)人。金融系 劉玲10 Principals representative in

13、 case of need 需要時的代理需要時的代理;The case of need is the representative appointed by the principal to act as case of need in the event of non-acceptance and / or non-payment, whose power should be clearly and fully stated in the collection. .（需要時的代理人（委托人的代表）就是委托人指需要時的代理人（委托人的代表）就是委托人指定的代表。他在匯票遭到拒絕承兌和定的代表。

14、他在匯票遭到拒絕承兌和/ /或拒絕付款時充當(dāng)需要時或拒絕付款時充當(dāng)需要時的代理人。其權(quán)利應(yīng)在托收委托書上有明確而充分的規(guī)定。）的代理人。其權(quán)利應(yīng)在托收委托書上有明確而充分的規(guī)定。）This party is called as “case of need”.It is an agent or representative of a seller in an importers location or vicinity.If the importer refuses payment or acceptance ,the representative can sell the goods to a

15、nother buyer,or take delivery of or even ship back the goods on behalf of the seller. 金融系 劉玲11如委托人指定一名代表，在遭到拒絕付款及/或拒絕承兌時作為需要時的代理人，則應(yīng)在托收指示中清楚、完全地表明此項代理人的權(quán)限；如無上述明示，銀行將不接受關(guān)于需要時的代理人的任何指示。做出需要時的代理人的指示，舉例如下：Special InstructionIn case of need refer to Peter & Jones Co., 99 Rue des Achetuer, Paris whose

16、 authority is limited to assisting in having the draft honoured.金融系 劉玲12134.1.3.1. In terms of documents related1) Documentary collectionsDocumentary collections may be described as collections on financial instruments being accompanied by commercial documents or collections on commercial documents

17、without being accompanied by financial instruments, that is, commercial documents without a bill of exchange.跟單托收意指金融單據(jù)附帶商業(yè)票據(jù)跟單托收意指金融單據(jù)附帶商業(yè)票據(jù)的托收，或者商業(yè)單據(jù)不附帶金融單據(jù)的托收，即并的托收，或者商業(yè)單據(jù)不附帶金融單據(jù)的托收，即并無匯票，單是商業(yè)票據(jù)的托收。跟單托收無匯票，單是商業(yè)票據(jù)的托收。跟單托收一定有商業(yè)一定有商業(yè)單據(jù)；不一定有金融單據(jù)。單據(jù)；不一定有金融單據(jù)。金融系 劉玲14Documentary collections is a paymen

18、t mechanism that allows the exporters to retain ownership of the goods until they receive payment or are reasonably certain that they will receive it.(1) Documents against payment (D/P);(2) Documents against acceptance (D/A).金融系 劉玲15 Clean collections are collections on financial instruments without

19、 being accompanied by commercial documents, such as invoice, bill of lading, insurance policy, etc.u 光票托收是指出口商僅開具匯票而不附商業(yè)單據(jù)（主要指貨運單據(jù)）的托收。光票托收是指出口商僅開具匯票而不附商業(yè)單據(jù)（主要指貨運單據(jù)）的托收。u “ “托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則”表述：表述： “ “光票托收光票托收”意指金融單據(jù)托收而不伴隨商業(yè)單據(jù)。意指金融單據(jù)托收而不伴隨商業(yè)單據(jù)。 即：有金融單據(jù)無商業(yè)即：有金融單據(jù)無商業(yè)單據(jù)。單據(jù)。光票托收并不一定不附帶任何單據(jù)，有時也附有一些非貨運單據(jù)，如發(fā)票、

20、墊款光票托收并不一定不附帶任何單據(jù)，有時也附有一些非貨運單據(jù)，如發(fā)票、墊款清單等，這種情況仍被視為光票托收。清單等，這種情況仍被視為光票托收。光票托收通常用于收取貨款尾數(shù)、樣品費、傭金、代墊費用等。在實際工作中，光票托收通常用于收取貨款尾數(shù)、樣品費、傭金、代墊費用等。在實際工作中，光票托收還包括許多委托行不能立即解付或因各種原因不能立即付款的各類光票托收還包括許多委托行不能立即解付或因各種原因不能立即付款的各類票據(jù)。票據(jù)。金融系 劉玲16光票托收和跟單托收光票托收和跟單托收金 融 單 據(jù) （ 匯 票 ）光 票 托 收金 融 單 據(jù) 和 商 業(yè) 單 據(jù)商 業(yè) 單 據(jù) （ 運 輸 單 據(jù) ）跟 單

21、 托 收托 收金融系 劉玲17(1) checks;(2) Dividend warrants drawn on foreign banks;(3) Promissory notes;(4) Clean drafts;(5) Acceptances;(6) Certificates of deposit issued by foreign banks;(7) Savings passbooks issued by foreign banks, governments, and post offices;(8) And drafts drawn under a travelers letter

22、of credit from a foreign bank.金融系 劉玲18 Because the principle airmail directly the commercial documents to the drawee, the principle will bear the risk that the drawee doesnt pay for the goods.金融系 劉玲19 Direct collection is an arrangement whereby the seller obtains his banks pre-numbered direct collec

23、tion letter, thus enabling him to send his documents directly to his banks correspondent bank for collection. This kind of collection accelerates the paperwork process. .（直接托收是這樣一種安直接托收是這樣一種安排，委托人從他的銀行即托收行那里獲得托收指示的空白格式，排，委托人從他的銀行即托收行那里獲得托收指示的空白格式，由他自己填寫，連同托收單據(jù)直接寄給買方銀行，即代收行。）由他自己填寫，連同托收單據(jù)直接寄給買方銀行，即代收

24、行。）(1) The seller sends to remitting bank a copy of the respective instruction/collection letter that has been forwarded directly by him to the collecting bank. .（賣方將已經(jīng)賣方將已經(jīng)填妥的托收指示副本送給托收行。）填妥的托收指示副本送給托收行。）金融系 劉玲20（2）The remitting bank treats his transaction in the same fashion as a normal documentar

25、y collection item, as if it were completely processed by the remitting bank. .（托收行將此筆托收視同本行辦理的托收行將此筆托收視同本行辦理的一樣。）一樣。）（3）By using this service, the exporter forgoes the chance of having the bank examine his documents before they are mailed out. (4) The collection bank will usually charge the same col

26、lection fee that it would apply when a bank sends the item directly.金融系 劉玲214.1.3.2 In terms of release of documents The collecting bank may release the documents only against full and immediate payment. This payment can be effected in cash or any other transfer form. In order to prevent the buyer f

27、rom postponing the payment, a order term”payment on first presentation of the documents” should be included in the collection order. This type of collection offers the greatest security to the exporter.金融系 劉玲224.1.3.3 In terms of time to make paymentThe buyer sees the sight draft he must pay money a

28、t once, then he can get the shipping documents.金融系 劉玲23金融系 劉玲Remitting BankRemitting BankPayeePayeePrincipalPrincipalCollecting Bank/Collecting Bank/Presenting BankPresenting Bank1.Shipping goods1.Shipping goodsSales contractSales contract2.Documents,drafts and 2.Documents,drafts and instructionsins

29、tructions3.Documents,drafts and 3.Documents,drafts and collection ordercollection order7.Payment7.Payment4.Presentation,asking 4.Presentation,asking paymentpayment5.Payment5.Payment8.Payment(credit)8.Payment(credit)6.Releasing documents6.Releasing documents24金融系 劉玲25金融系 劉玲Remitting BankRemitting Ban

30、kPayeePayeePrincipalPrincipalCollecting Bank/Collecting Bank/Presenting BankPresenting Bank1.Shipping goods1.Shipping goodsSales contractSales contract2.Documents,drafts and 2.Documents,drafts and instructionsinstructions3.Documents,drafts and 3.Documents,drafts and collection ordercollection order9

31、.Payment9.Payment6.Presentation,asking 6.Presentation,asking payment(at maturity)payment(at maturity)5.Acceptance5.Acceptance8.Releasing documents8.Releasing documents4.Presentation,asking 4.Presentation,asking acceptanceacceptance7.Payment7.Payment10.Payment(credit)10.Payment(credit)26 The presenti

32、ng bank may release the documents to the buyer against the buyers acceptance of a draft, drawn payable 30-180 days after sight or due on a definite date. After acceptance, the buyer gains possession of the goods before the payment is made and is able to dispose of the goods as he wishes. The seller

33、bears the risk of the buyers non-payment.金融系 劉玲27金融系 劉玲Remitting Remitting BankBankPayeePayeePrincipalPrincipalCollecting Bank/Collecting Bank/Presenting BankPresenting Bank1.Shipping goods1.Shipping goodsSales contractSales contract2.Documents,drafts and 2.Documents,drafts and instructionsinstructi

34、ons3.Documents,drafts and 3.Documents,drafts and collection ordercollection order9.Payment9.Payment7.Presentation,asking 7.Presentation,asking payment (at maturity)payment (at maturity)5.Acceptance5.Acceptance6.Releasing documents6.Releasing documents4.Presentation,asking 4.Presentation,asking accep

35、tanceacceptance8.Payment8.Payment10.Payment(credit)10.Payment(credit)28All documents sent for collection must be accompanied by a collection order giving complete and precise instructions.Banks are only permitted to act upon these instructions and in accordance with the Uniform Rules for Collections

36、. If the collecting bank cannot comply with the instructions given in the collection order, it must immediately advise the party from whom it received the collection order.要求托收的所有單據(jù)必須伴隨托收指示，注明這筆托收受托收統(tǒng)一規(guī)則的約束和作出完全和準確的指示，代收行僅依托收指示中載明的指示行事。金融系 劉玲29Specific instructions are required on whether or not to

37、protest in the event of dishonor by either non-payment or non-acceptance. For example: Do not protest in case of dishonour. Protest for Non-acceptance Non-payment. We will give instruction to you upon receipt to cable/airmail advice of Non-acceptance/ Non-payment with reasons.If a Bill of Exchange i

38、s protested, a lawyer in the overseas country will undertake formal procedures whereby he asks the drawee the reason for dishonor and makes appropriate notes.金融系 劉玲304.1.5.1 ClassificationOutward collection or payable overseas is a collection business in which a bank acting as a remitting bank sends

39、 collection items to a collecting bank to get payments from the drawees.Inward collection or payable domestic is a collection business in which a bank acting as a collecting bank presents the collection items received from a remitting bank to the drawees, collects payments from them and remits the p

40、roceeds to the remitting bank.金融系 劉玲314.1.5.2 Importance of collectionsCollections serve as a compromise between open account and advance payment in settlement of international transactions concluded by the importer and the exporter. This service offered by banks facilitates a creditor in one countr

41、y to obtain settlement from a debtor in another at a minimum cost.金融系 劉玲324.1.5.3 Banks responsibility(1) Banks are only permitted to act upon the instruction given in the collection orders giving complete and precise instructions. Any deviation from these instructions at the request of the drawer w

42、ill be at the responsibility of the collecting bank;(2) Banks will act in good faith and exercise reasonable care and must verify that the documents received appear to be as listed in the collection order and must immediately advise the party from whom the collection order was received of any docume

43、nts missing; ;（銀行辦理托收業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)遵守信用，謹慎行事，銀行辦理托收業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)遵守信用，謹慎行事，確認所收到的單據(jù)為托收委托書中所規(guī)定的單據(jù)，并應(yīng)將任何遺確認所收到的單據(jù)為托收委托書中所規(guī)定的單據(jù)，并應(yīng)將任何遺失的單據(jù)立即通知寄送托收委托書的一方。）失的單據(jù)立即通知寄送托收委托書的一方。）(3) Banks have no further obligation to examine the documents.金融系 劉玲334.2.1 Risk involved4.2.1.1 Risks of exporter1) Brief introductionGenerally speaki

44、ng,most of the risks the exporter assumes include: acceptance risk, credit risk of the importer, political risk of the importers country, foreign exchange transfer risk and documentary risk that the shipment may fail to clear customs.金融系 劉玲342) Risks for exporter(1) Non-acceptance of merchandise(2)

45、Non-payment of trade acceptance(3) Possession of goods(4) Exchange restrictions金融系 劉玲35 (1) The exporter should always make sure that the overseas importer is of good reputation and of good financial standing;(2) The exporter should take into account the economic and political conditions in the impo

46、rting country;(3) The exporter should also pay attention to the foreign exchange regulations in the importing country;(4) The exporter should take precautions, such as by hedging operations or by immediate settlement of the accounts denominated in a foreign currency.金融系 劉玲361) Brief introductionThe

47、importer has the risk that the goods shipped may not be as ordered. He must rely primarily on the exporters good reputation, honesty, and ability to deliver merchandise of the grade, quality,and quantity ordered.The importer may be able to protect himself against faulty merchandise by requiring an i

48、nspection certificate as part of the documentation.金融系 劉玲372) Risks for importer(1) Payment may have to be made prior to the arrival of the goods. No opportunity is then available to inspect the goods before making payment;(2) By accepting a bill of exchange under the documents against acceptance co

49、llection, the importer will have another legal liability on the bill of exchange besides his liability on the sales contract;(3) In some countries, if a bill of exchange is protested, this can ruin the reputation of a trader and may be considered an act of bankruptcy.金融系 劉玲384.2.2.1 Financing provie

50、d by the remitting bank to the exporterBill purchased（托收出口押匯）（托收出口押匯）1) DefinitionFinancing by banks for exporters under documentary collection methods takes the form of collection bill purchased. Collection bill purchased means that the remitting bank purchases the documentary bill drawn by the exp

51、orter on the importer.Collection bill purchased involves great risk for the remitting bank due to lack of guarantee, so, many remitting banks are unwilling to do so. 金融系 劉玲39由托收行買入出口商開立的以進口商為付款人的匯票及由托收行買入出口商開立的以進口商為付款人的匯票及隨附的商業(yè)單據(jù)，從匯票金額中扣除利息及費用后，將隨附的商業(yè)單據(jù)，從匯票金額中扣除利息及費用后，將凈款付給出口商。凈款付給出口商。這實際上是托收行向出口商提供

52、的一種資金融通方式。這實際上是托收行向出口商提供的一種資金融通方式。如匯票遭拒付時，托收行對出口商有追索權(quán)，保證由出如匯票遭拒付時，托收行對出口商有追索權(quán)，保證由出口商負責(zé)賠償托收行的一切損失?？谏特撠?zé)賠償托收行的一切損失。金融系 劉玲40金融系 劉玲Remitting BankRemitting BankPayeePayeePrincipalPrincipalCollecting Bank/Collecting Bank/Presenting BankPresenting Bank1.Shipping goods1.Shipping goodsSales contractSales cont

53、ract2.Shipping documents,drafts2.Shipping documents,drafts4.Documents,drafts4.Documents,drafts8.Payment8.Payment5.Presentation,asking 5.Presentation,asking paymentpayment6.Payment6.Payment3.Purchasing the documentary3.Purchasing the documentaryDeducting the bank fees and Deducting the bank fees and

54、interest incurredinterest incurred7.Releasing documents7.Releasing documents2) Process414.2.2.2 Financing provied by the collecting bank to the importer(1)Trust receipt1) DefinitionFinancing by banks for importers under collection methods takes the form of trust receipt. On collection terms basis, i

55、f the collecting bank has a great degree of trust in the importer, the bank may be willing to release the negotiable bill of lading, and the goods,to the importer against the signing of a trust receipt. After the importer has made his final sale and received the proceeds, he can pay the collecting b

56、ank.金融系 劉玲42銀行對進口商的融通允許進口商在付款前開立信托收據(jù)銀行對進口商的融通允許進口商在付款前開立信托收據(jù)（T/RT/R）交給代收行，憑以借出貨運單據(jù)先行提貨，以便交給代收行，憑以借出貨運單據(jù)先行提貨，以便出售，待售得貨款后償還代收行，換回信托收據(jù)。出售，待售得貨款后償還代收行，換回信托收據(jù)。進口商向代收行提交信托收據(jù)，代收行接受信托收據(jù)并進口商向代收行提交信托收據(jù)，代收行接受信托收據(jù)并據(jù)此借出單據(jù)后，代收行即成為信托人（據(jù)此借出單據(jù)后，代收行即成為信托人（trustertruster），），進口進口商成為被信托人（商成為被信托人（trusteetrustee）或代保管人（或代保

57、管人（baileebailee）。）。在信托收據(jù)融資中，代收行與進口商的權(quán)利與義務(wù)（見在信托收據(jù)融資中，代收行與進口商的權(quán)利與義務(wù)（見教材教材P98P98）。）。信托收據(jù)是適用于遠期付款交單的一種融資便利。信托收據(jù)是適用于遠期付款交單的一種融資便利。金融系 劉玲43At this point, the importer acts as a trustee with the bank as the entruster.Since this is an operation of “trust”, the legal title to the goods remains with the entru

58、ster.2) The obligations of the trustee(1)To arrange for the goods to be warehoused and insured in the banks name;(2)To pay all the proceeds of sale to the bank or to hold them on behalf of the bank;(3)Not to put the goods in pledge to other persons;(4)To return the goods or the proceeds to the bank

59、at any time when requested;(5)To settle claims of the bank before liquidation in case of the trustees bankruptcy.如進口商破產(chǎn)清理，對該項下的貨物或貨如進口商破產(chǎn)清理，對該項下的貨物或貨款有優(yōu)先債權(quán)。款有優(yōu)先債權(quán)。金融系 劉玲443) Risks for the collecting bank(1) The collecting bank authorizing the release of title documents on trust receipt must realize

60、that certain risks are being taken that have to be evaluated;(2) It should be noted that in this case the bank might bear some risk, as the protection afforded by the trust receipt against a dishonest customer is slight;(3) Trust receipt financing requires a great degree of trust in the reputation, hone